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DENISE PINTO GADELHA
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Climate Change and Vulnerability in Rural Communities: Indicators and Index for Small Localities
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Date: Dec 1, 2020
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Time: 14:30
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Show Summary
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The main objective of this thesis is to create indicators of socioclimatic vulnerability for small localities, using a rural community in the Cariri region, in the state of Paraíba as a base and, from the adaptation of an already existing index, to create a new way of calculating this fragility associated to the context of the locality and social group studied, so that a closer estimate of the reality made possible by the climate change process can be obtained. For this, we present a qualitative research of bibliographic approach and a case study. In order to systematize the content and give a better understanding, this thesis is organized in three parts that initially compose the scope of the research and its theoretical basis that, besides conceptualizing and opportunizing the importance of the indicators listed. The third chapter presents a proposal focused on small localities, since the guiding hypothesis is that small rural populations in the State of Paraíba are high-risk groups that present high socio-climatic vulnerability, to the detriment of the strong relationship/dependence with natural resources and agropastoral activities. Therefore, we conclude that the identification of a system of indicators and their subsequent use in the adaptation of an index that calculates climate vulnerability in small rural communities directly contributes to the evolution of research on climate change and its impacts, contributing directly to the adaptation process, development and governance of localities affected by climate extremes
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JOSICLEIDE DE AMORIM PEREIRA MOREIRA
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CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY INDICATOR SYSTEM: AN APPLICATION IN THE SUGARCANE BIOELECTRICITY SECTOR OF THE ZONA DA MATA IN PARAÍBA
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Date: Sep 29, 2020
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Time: 15:00
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Show Summary
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The Corporate Sustainability Indicator Systems appear as instruments that identify the advances towards sustainable development. In this sense, this work has the general objective of conceiving, based on the Corporate Sustainability Grid, a system of indicators that encompasses the economic, environmental, social and cultural dimensions, in order to identify the sustainability level of a sugarcane bioelectricity sector company in the Zona da Mata in Paraiba. With this purpose, three articles were accomplished: the first sought to identify the Corporate Sustainability Indicator Systems with specific use in the sugarcane bioelectricity sector. The research is classified as exploratory and descriptive, with quantitative and bibliometric approach. The Social Network Analysis was chosen, specifically, regarding the centrality degree between the actors of the analyzed network. The results point to the insufficiency of scientific productions about Corporate Sustainability Indicator Systems, having identified only one work directed to sugarcane bioelectricity sector within the research criteria. The second article aims to present the potentialities arising from the generation expansion of the sugarcane bioelectricity in Paraíba in alignment with the perspectives of sustainable development. The research is characterized as exploratory, with quantitative approach. The study area covered the Zona da Mata in Paraíba. To measure the generation potential of the sugarcane bioelectricity, a calculation methodology was used, based on scenarios proposed by Perdoná, in 2015, considering the volume of sugarcane processed in the 2018/19 harvest. In addition, an estimate of annual gross revenue was measured, which could be obtained from the sale of this generated bioelectricity, if it were sold at the 004/2019 Auction. The results show that adopting the scenario consisting of a 100 bar / 540 ° C boiler, a fluidized bed and a regenerative cycle, the Paraíba sugarcane bioelectricity sector would have generated bioelectricity equivalent to 660.47 GWh, and if it had been negotiated at the 004 / 2019 Auction, the sector would have invoiced the equivalent to R$ 124.3 million in gross revenue per year. It is noteworthy to point out that the expansion of the sugarcane bioelectricity for the State provides potentialities aligned with the prospects of sustainable development. Finally, in the third article, a proposal for a Corporate Sustainability Indicator System is presented. It integrated the economic, social, environmental and cultural dimensions, based on the Corporate Sustainability Grid, with applicability to the sugarcane bioelectricity sector of the Zona da Mata in Paraíba. The research is classified as exploratory and descriptive, with quantitative approach. For the system design, it was decided to consult specialists and social actors, by means of the use of a form that served to determine the scores that make it possible to identify the sustainability level of the analyzed company. The research spatial limit includes the Zona da Mata in Paraíba, and the sample is classified by convenience. For the fulfillment of the system, a form with applicability in the plant participating in the research was chosen as data collection. Taking into account the results, the imminently partial satisfactory Scores of Sustainability for the economic dimension, satisfactory scores for the social and environmental dimensions and imminently unsatisfactory for the cultural dimension were identified. In addition, it was possible to identify the Corporate Sustainability Score as imminently satisfactory sustainability, with the analyzed plant being positioned in the Corporate Sustainability Grid in the 27th position.
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JOSICLEIDE DE AMORIM PEREIRA MOREIRA
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CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY INDICATOR SYSTEM: AN APPLICATION IN THE SUGARCANE BIOELECTRICITY SECTOR OF THE ZONA DA MATA IN PARAÍBA
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Date: Sep 29, 2020
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Time: 15:00
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Show Summary
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The Corporate Sustainability Indicator Systems appear as instruments that identify the advances towards sustainable development. In this sense, this work has the general objective of conceiving, based on the Corporate Sustainability Grid, a system of indicators that encompasses the economic, environmental, social and cultural dimensions, in order to identify the sustainability level of a sugarcane bioelectricity sector company in the Zona da Mata in Paraiba. With this purpose, three articles were accomplished: the first sought to identify the Corporate Sustainability Indicator Systems with specific use in the sugarcane bioelectricity sector. The research is classified as exploratory and descriptive, with quantitative and bibliometric approach. The Social Network Analysis was chosen, specifically, regarding the centrality degree between the actors of the analyzed network. The results point to the insufficiency of scientific productions about Corporate Sustainability Indicator Systems, having identified only one work directed to sugarcane bioelectricity sector within the research criteria. The second article aims to present the potentialities arising from the generation expansion of the sugarcane bioelectricity in Paraíba in alignment with the perspectives of sustainable development. The research is characterized as exploratory, with quantitative approach. The study area covered the Zona da Mata in Paraíba. To measure the generation potential of the sugarcane bioelectricity, a calculation methodology was used, based on scenarios proposed by Perdoná, in 2015, considering the volume of sugarcane processed in the 2018/19 harvest. In addition, an estimate of annual gross revenue was measured, which could be obtained from the sale of this generated bioelectricity, if it were sold at the 004/2019 Auction. The results show that adopting the scenario consisting of a 100 bar / 540 ° C boiler, a fluidized bed and a regenerative cycle, the Paraíba sugarcane bioelectricity sector would have generated bioelectricity equivalent to 660.47 GWh, and if it had been negotiated at the 004 / 2019 Auction, the sector would have invoiced the equivalent to R$ 124.3 million in gross revenue per year. It is noteworthy to point out that the expansion of the sugarcane bioelectricity for the State provides potentialities aligned with the prospects of sustainable development. Finally, in the third article, a proposal for a Corporate Sustainability Indicator System is presented. It integrated the economic, social, environmental and cultural dimensions, based on the Corporate Sustainability Grid, with applicability to the sugarcane bioelectricity sector of the Zona da Mata in Paraíba. The research is classified as exploratory and descriptive, with quantitative approach. For the system design, it was decided to consult specialists and social actors, by means of the use of a form that served to determine the scores that make it possible to identify the sustainability level of the analyzed company. The research spatial limit includes the Zona da Mata in Paraíba, and the sample is classified by convenience. For the fulfillment of the system, a form with applicability in the plant participating in the research was chosen as data collection. Taking into account the results, the imminently partial satisfactory Scores of Sustainability for the economic dimension, satisfactory scores for the social and environmental dimensions and imminently unsatisfactory for the cultural dimension were identified. In addition, it was possible to identify the Corporate Sustainability Score as imminently satisfactory sustainability, with the analyzed plant being positioned in the Corporate Sustainability Grid in the 27th position.
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HEVEN STUART NEVES DA SILVA
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Application of compost for remediation of lead-contaminated soil
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Advisor : MARIA CRISTINA BASILIO CRISPIM DA SILVA
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Date: May 29, 2020
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Time: 14:00
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Show Summary
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Solid waste is considered one of the most discussed issues in the environment, in view of the negative consequences of its inadequate disposal, such as soil contamination. The most residues from some economic activities that influence soil contamination are automotive, metallurgical, paint, mining, pesticide, fertilizer and batteries, among others. Most of these activities have heavy metals in their raw material for manufacturing their products, such as lead. The improper disposal of these products can have negative effects on the environment and human health. Considered persistent and cumulative, heavy metals have increasingly contaminated the soil, which is an essential compartment for life on Earth and its preservation is an important issue to be resolved worldwide. For this reason, several studies and researches have been developed with the objective of presenting techniques for decontamination of places affected by heavy metals, with the possibility of reducing the concentration of the contaminant to levels safe for human health. Some decontamination techniques have gained prominence, such as biological treatments, through bioremediation, as well as composting with the action of fungi and bacteria present in the decomposition of organic waste. Research show that the introduction of some groups of microorganisms in contaminated soils was able to promote the immobilization of contaminants, transforming them into soluble compounds. This statement already raises the possibility of using compost to treat other types of contaminants, in this case, heavy metals. The objective of this research is to test whether the microorganisms present in the organic waste composting process are capable of bioremediation of soil contaminated by lead. The research was carried out in an experimental basis at the Federal University of Paraiba-UFPB, on the Department of Systematics and Ecologys premises, in the vicinity of the Screening House and laboratory tests at the Pernambuco Institute of Technology ITEP. The experiment was developed on a small scale in which organic residues from the University Restaurant (RU) at the Federal University of Paraíba -UFPB were used. Three composting experiments were carried out during 2019, the first one started in April, the second one in June and the third one in November.As for the results of experiment 1, the excess of atypical rains during the period, caused water to enter the buckets, making composting impossible, since the environment became anaerobic. In experiments 2 and 3 the results found that part of the lead was removed, and another part migrated to the slurry in all treatments. Thus, itis concluded that there is a remedial effect from the microbiological community present in composting, which can be used in the remediation of soil contaminated by lead. The bioremediation in treatments C1 and C2 varied from about 5% to 20% in both experiments. In the treatment with greater contamination (600 mg. Kg-1) had inhibition of the bioremediation process. Remediation can be carried out in landfarming treatment, protected from the rain, which would also benefit in the treatment of organic waste, inorder to avoid sending it to landfills, generating the leaching problems that occur in many landfills that do not yet take advantage of this gas production process.
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ANDRÉA AMORIM LEITE
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF THE RIO PARAÍBA ESTUARY AND QUALITY OF LIFE: CONTRIBUTIONS TO PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
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Date: Feb 28, 2020
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Time: 14:00
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Show Summary
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Estuarine areas are of great environmental, economic, social and cultural relevance. However, throughout human history, these ecosystems have been the target of several anthropogenic actions, which end up harming all these types of environments. The aim of this work was to analyze the environmental conditions, the sanitary conditions and the socio-environmental conflicts present in the Paraíba River Estuary, from Porto do Capim to the mouth of the Paraíba River. For this, the work was carried out in the following stages: survey of the main environmental problems through on-site visits; water quality analysis at 14 points throughout the study site, in two seasonal periods, rainy and dry season. Analysis of bioaccumulation of trace metals in three locations in the estuary. Survey of the basic sanitation conditions of the communities near the Paraíba River and the prevalence of some waterborne diseases. Environmental perception study with students about the estuary. The results showed several anthropic actions that negatively influence the environmental conditions of the estuary. Among the main ones, there was deforestation, discharge of domestic sewage, solid waste disposed inappropriately, burning, loss of biodiversity, among others. The water analysis showed loss in water quality caused by sources of continuous pollution, not dependent on leaching, that is, domestic sewage and also by leaching processes, mainly by agriculture. It was observed in point 1 (P1), that ammonia concentrations were above the values allowed by CONAMA resolution n ° 357/2005. Regarding bioaccumulation, despite the results confirming the presence of trace metals, all were below the values allowed by current legislation. However, aluminum showed high values, especially for the Anamalocardia Mollusca from Porto do Capim, which is under direct influence of the old Roger dump and part of the old city and Bayeux, however there is no standard with maximum values allowed for this element. Regarding sanitary conditions, the data survey demonstrated the precariousness of basic sanitation, mainly access to treated water, sewage and waste collection. Such facts have a direct influence on the number of waterborne diseases, with Ascaridiasis being the main one. Environmental awareness and awareness studies have shown that students are aware of the problems surrounding the estuary, however, many of them are indifferent to this scenario. Thus, it is necessary to implement public policies to improve basic sanitation. The sewage treatement could be with incentive and training for the construction of ecological pits for black and gray waters. There is also a need for continuous and integrated environmental education.
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DIMITRI DE ARAÚJO COSTA
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ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND THE ECOLOGICAL-TAXONOMIC STUDY OF MARINE INVERTEBRATES ASSOCIATED WITH RHODOLITHS/MAËRL BEDS IN TROPICAL COAST
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Date: Feb 28, 2020
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Time: 11:00
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Show Summary
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This thesis aimed to provide students from public elementary schools in the Northeast Brazil with a differentiated and innovative way of teaching, using Environmental Education to raise their awareness for the protection of local coastal marine environments. The rhodolith/maërl beds are among the local potential environments to use for that purpose, since they are highly abundant on the Brazilian northeast coast, but still poorly known in the region. As such, the thesis also aimed to contribute to improve the knowledge of this habitat, with respect to local abundance, associated invertebrate communities, ecological importance and the impact of environmental constraints. The study was conducted in two schools in João Pessoa and Mataraca municipalities, in the State of Paraíba, integrating non-formal education, through a sequential program of practical activities, with traditional formal education. The efficiency of the program was tested with a questionnaire. In general, the integrated teaching was effective, since at the end of the program more than 80% of the students responded according to the concepts taught, demonstrating an improved level of ocean literacy. Regarding the rhodolith beds, a literature review was carried out, that confirmed their worldwide distribution and ecological importance, including for the balance of coastal ecosystems and maintenance of marine life. As a further research, the first taxonomic study of the invertebrates associated with rhodoliths was carried out on the beaches of Miramar (municipality of Cabedelo), Seixas (João Pessoa) and Maceió (Pitimbu). Sixty species were collected and identified, from different taxa. Of these, 53 were new records for the beaches under study, some of which may even be new species and/or endemic to rhodoliths. Finally, the rhodolith beds of these beaches, subjected to different anthropogenic impacts, were characterized, from the rhodoliths abundance, morphology, growth form, as well as the associated invertebrates, according to the environmental factors assessed at the study sites. In general, Seixas Beach presented the greatest abundance of rhodoliths, and diversity and abundance of associated invertebrates, a result related to the high levels of calcium carbonate in the region, since this is an essential component for the development of calcareous algae. Maceió beach had the lowest abundance of these organisms, mainly associated with the high level of contamination by thermotolerant coliforms and lower water transparency. The invertebrate communities were also analysed from a functional perspective. Miramar and Seixas beaches were similar, where biodiffusors, with free and slow movement and predators predominated; whereas in Maceió Beach these attributes were practically absent, with individuals with limited movement, limited sediment remobilization and suspended feeding. These differences were analysed according to habitat characteristics, whose rhodolith-invertebrate interaction may be more beneficial in Seixas and Miramar beaches.
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ARTUR HENRIQUE FREITAS FLORENTINO DE SOUZA
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AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA DA BIORREMEDIAÇÃO POR PERIFÍTON EM UM RIO URBANO
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Date: Feb 27, 2020
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Time: 14:00
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Show Summary
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Grande parte dos efluentes domésticos e industriais são lançados diretamente nos rios, reduzindo cada vez mais a disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos para a maioria dos usos, principalmente o uso humano, pois ocasiona a eutrofização, cujos efeitos são negativos para o ambiente aquático, principalmente na proliferação de macrófitas aquáticas; consumo e depleção de oxigênio dissolvido; liberação de gases e produção de maus odores; e a diminuição da biodiversidade local, dentre outros. A bioindicação utiliza-se de organismos que compõem um certo ambiente para caracterizá-lo e ser empregados conhecimentos quantitativos e qualitativos das comunidades biológicas, estas podem indicar a presença, ou não, de poluição no ambiente. O objetivo geral foi avaliar a eficácia do uso do biotratamento por perifíton em um rio urbano com elevado grau de poluição com o apoio e a percepção dos ribeirinhos; através de a) analisar a qualidade de água do Rio Jaguaribe, João PessoaPB, em relação a parâmetros biológicos, físicos e químicos da água e do sedimento; b) Avaliar o uso do biotratamento no melhoramento da qualidade de água do Rio Jaguaribe; c) Avaliar a percepção dos ribeirinhos sobre a qualidade da água e usos do rio Jaguaribe antes e após o biotratamento. No primeiro, realizou-se o biomonitoramento utilizando macroinvertebrados bentônicos, de setembro de 2017 a outubro de 2018, em seis pontos de coleta. Para aferir o conteúdo de matéria orgânica das amostras de sedimento do Rio Jaguaribe, foi utilizado o Método de Calcinação. As análises físicas e químicas foram feitas com uma sonda multiparâmetros e amostras de água foram coletadas para as análises de Nitrogênio e Fósforo dissolvido. Para os macroinvertebrados bentônicos, foram feitas coletas de forma quantitativa com uma draga Van Veen e os animais coletados expressos em densidade e abundância relativa. A partir disso, utilizaram-se o índice BMWP juntamente com os índices de diversidade, de dominância e de equitabilidade, além da riqueza. Os estudos mostram a predominância de animais mais resistentes à poluição (larvas de quironomídeos e oligoquetos), indicando que o Rio Jaguaribe está classificado como Péssimo (Exceto no P3, onde a classificação foi Ruim, mesmo apresentando mais concentração de Oxigênio Dissolvido (máximo de 10,1 mg O2.L-1 ) e foi registrada a maior diversidade (H = 1,27 de Shannon) em relação aos outros pontos. Em seguida, na segunda parte da tese, visando contribuir para a melhora da qualidade da água do Rio Jaguaribe, aplicou-se um biotratamento por biorremediação, utilizando-se o perifíton como remediador. Foram selecionados três Pontos para a implantação dos módulos de Biorremediação por perifíton: P1, no Oitizeiro; P3, na São Rafael; e P4 na Tito Silva. Cada módulo é formado por uma armação quadrada de canos PVC 50 mm, que servem como flutuadores, com dimensões de 1,5 m x 1,5 m, contendo cortinas de plástico cristal 15 mm que estavam arranjadas em 05 fileiras de 1,4 m x 0,5 m, uma ao lado da outra, paralelas e seguindo a direção da correnteza do rio. No P1, com 09 módulos no período chuvoso, 16 e 08 módulos, respectivamente, no P4 e P3, no período de estiagem, também no ano de 2019. Para avaliar o efeito do biotratamento, foram analisados parâmetros físicos e químicos da água, coletada a montante e a jusante dos módulos de biorremediação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram diferenças de forma significativa, a jusante nos três pontos, em que houve aumento significativo do Oxigênio Dissolvido e a redução nos valores da Condutividade Elétrica e do Fósforo. Houve também redução nos valores de Nitrato, Ortofosfato e Amônia, porém, não foram significativos. No entanto, para a terceira parte da tese, analisou-se a percepção dos moradores, seguindo-se um questionário semiestruturado e a entrevista foi gravada, com autorização prévia, sobre a atuação dos módulos de Biotratamento na qualidade da água do rio. Ao todo, foram realizadas 23 entrevistas. Após o biotratamento, os entrevistados revelaram que houve melhora na transparência da água, diminuição do odor, aparecimento de mais animais (aves e peixes), corroborados cientificamente por testes estatísticos que revelaram diferenças significativas quanto à diminuição do odor e na aprovação da biorremediação para a melhora da água.
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FLAVIA MARTINS FRANCO DE OLIVEIRA
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RESTORATION OF LOTIC ECOSYSTEMS FROM BIOREMEDIATION
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Date: Feb 18, 2020
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Time: 14:00
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Show Summary
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Nowadays, ecosystems are being increasingly degraded and altered by human beings and this has brought negative and sometimes irreversible consequences, both for the environment and for man. Aquatic ecosystems, for example, are constantly being attacked through the most different types of pollution that are dumped or directed at them. In this way, sustainable and ecological alternatives have been seen as a viable alternative for the environment and to improve the quality of life of the populations. This project is the result of an international research carried out between UFPB and the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança in Portugal, by International Program of UFPB. It is proposed in the present study to evaluate socio-environmental conflicts, water quality and to test a biotreatment with biofilm and macrophytes (BioMac) in two rivers at different latitudes, one tropical and the other temperate. The study areas are Cabelo River, PB , Brazil and the Fervença River, Portugal; Physical, chemical and biological analyzes were performed. Chemical analyzes were analyzed according to APHA. Macrophyte containment structures were constructed and artificial substrates were inserted for the implantation of the biofilm. Through visual, physical, chemical and biological monitoring, it was found that both environments are not of good quality and that the data indicate a high amount of organic pollution in some parts of Cabelo River. The riverside population of Cabelo River interviewed was willing to participate with the project in the hope of watching the river to return to be a pleasant and clean environment. In some houses, the Banana Circle (previous gray water treatment) and the Evapotranspiration Tank (for black water treatment) were implanted in order to prevent these waters from going to the river without previous treatment or polluting the soil. Structures were installed to colonize the biofilm within both rivers, with the aim of reducing the amount of some high nutrients and thereby enabling an increase in the biodiversity and density of the organisms, a fact found informally, at the end of the research, through the visual analysis of the research team, and also some residents and fishermen. In Cabelo River, in most months, the highest values of pH and conductivity, total phosphorus, orthophosphate and ammonia occurred in P1, which receives sewage, while the highest concentrations of nitrite and nitrate occurred in P2 and P3, in most months because they have more oxygen. Significant differences were found in the comparison between each point before and after biotreatment for dissolved oxygen (P1, P4 and P6), temperature (P1, P2 and P3), conductivity (P1, P4, P5 and P6), total phosphorus ( P1, P3 and P6), orthophosphate (P3 and P4), ammonia (P1, P4, P5 and P6), nitrite (P1 and P3), nitrate (P1, P2 and P3); The visual analysis registered differences in macrophyte diversity, with 4 genera before biotreatment and 8 genera after biotreatment in P5. Much more transparent water was observed after biotreatment. In the Fervença River, despite a decrease in nutrient concentrations, these were not significant differences. The predominant macroinvertebrates were of the family Chironomidae and Glossiphonidae in May / 18 and Jul / 18 and Chironomidae and Erpobdellidae in Sep / 18 and Nov / 18, after the installation of the BioMac the macrobenthes decreased the density of the Pollution Indicator Families. The periphyton present in the biofilm was mainly represented by Bacillariophiceae genera. Thus, it can be concluded that the pilot system of biotreatment was effective in both rivers, but it is more efficient in more polluted places, and can be applied in the two latitudes tested. In Cabelo River the water became much more transparent and the mangrove was born at its mouth. Thus, the H1 research hypothesis that Cabelo River is polluted to its full extent, was accepted, because pollution is registered at the points upstream due to sewage and from the P4 caused by the extensive macrophyte banks, the H2 that the residents no longer use the river was accepted and the H3 that the bioremediation system is efficient was also accepted.
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GILIVÃ ANTONIO FRIDRICH
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PERCEPÇÕES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS DE ESTUDANTES E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM O MEIO AMBIENTE: UM ESTUDO MULTICULTURAL
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Date: Feb 14, 2020
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Time: 14:00
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Show Summary
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A relação com o ambiente pode ser compreendida como uma condição inicial de nossa espécie, há a tendência à preocupação com o meio ambiente e os elementos que o constituem em uma relação afetiva e subjetiva. Essa interação ocorre principalmente na formação educacional seja formal ou informal. Isso ocorre com o despertar dos sentidos e sentimentos humanos pelo meio em que estão inseridos que podem ser influenciados nos contextos familiares, comunitários e escolares. Nesse ambiente formal de ensino, a Educação Ambiental (EA) é uma estratégia que favorece esse contato com o ambiente, para a sensibilização, mudanças de paradigmas e solução dos problemas ambientais. Este estudo teve o objetivo central de conhecer as percepções e representações socioambientais de estudantes do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental Anos Iniciais de escolas urbanas, públicas municipais, centrais e periféricas de cidades da região Nordeste e Sul do Brasil e estudantes do 5º ano do 2º Ciclo de Ensino de escolas de cidades do Norte de Portugal em relação às dimensões afetivas, conectivas e comportamentais do ambiente em que estão inseridos decorrentes de suas vivências ambientais formais e informais. Para tal assumiu-se que a postura perante o ambiente pode ser representada pelas vivências ambientais nos locais e as relações pessoais que se estabelecem. Para explicar esta postura foram investigadas dimensões comportamentais, afetivas da relação com o meio ambiente e com a natureza no geral. Além disso, foi avaliada a importância dedicada pelos estudantes às consequências futuras de suas ações e também variáveis sóciodemográficas e atitudes pro-ambientais. Participaram deste estudo 365 estudantes, matriculados num total de 13 escolas municipais públicas de cidades brasileiras e portuguesas. Esta pesquisa foi composta por instrumentos como questionários sociodemográficos, escalas, observação espacial e atividades voltadas para a Educação Ambiental que mediram dimensões cognitivas e afetivas e comportamentais na relação com o meio ambiente e com a natureza a fim de esboçar um modelo explicativo da postura ambiental que contemple as vivências ambientais, o conhecimento sobre o meio e um perfil psicossocial de afinidade e atitudes socioambientais. Como resultados a utilização dos multimétodos foi adequado para os estudantes expressarem as suas percepções quanto ao meio ambiente em geral, que em suma, verifica-se nos estudantes grandes preocupações e protagonismo perante pensamentos pró-ambientais. Independente das regiões e países os estudantes transcendem a necessidade de mudanças comportamentais e de paradigmas nos humanos com o meio ambiente.
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PAULO RAGNER SILVA DE FREITAS
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PERCEPTION OF HERPETOFAUNA, ECOLOGICAL AND POPULATION ASPECTS OF REPTILES IN CAATINGA AREAS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION.
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Date: Jan 31, 2020
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Time: 14:00
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Show Summary
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Humans and reptiles have interacted for many years, and such interactions are most often marked by conflicting relationships, since humans use these animals in different ways, whether for use in magical-religious rituals, for medicinal purposes, hunting or as pets. Several studies have shown that these conflicting relationships can contribute to the population decline of many reptile species. Another factor that tends to lead to the loss of herpetofauna wealth is the process of fragmentation of ecosystems and loss of native vegetation to make way for monoculture plantations and pasture areas for raising goats and cattle. In this context, this study analyzed students' perception of the richness and importance of reptiles in the hinterland of the state of Paraíba, in addition, ecological and population aspects of reptiles were evaluated in areas of Caatinga with different levels of environmental degradation, as well as tested the applicability of different methods of external attachment of transmitters to estimate the area of use in snakes and chelonians. Data collection on the perception of herpetofauna was carried out at the Dr. Fenelon Nóbrega state school, in the municipality of Salgadinho PB, between the months of November and December 2018. Environmental education activities consisted of field classes, photographic exhibition and of reptiles, and educational lectures. The post-test was applied in December 2019. For the analyzes of richness, abundance, population estimates and areas of use, two areas of Caatinga with different fragmentation histories were selected and sampled (through pitfalls traps) during four campaigns (February, May, September and December) in 2018 and from January to March 2019. Different techniques were used to fix the transmitters on the individuals (glue, tape and acrylic putty). The students demonstrated that they had a certain knowledge about the wealth of reptiles, especially regarding the identification of venomous snakes, in addition to understanding the ecological and medicinal importance of these animals. Some interviewees reported myths and errors in the taxonomic classification of the group. The application of the post-test showed some changes in the students' perception of the reptile fauna and aspects of the biology of these animals. A clear quantitative difference was observed in species richness, population size estimates and temperature between areas. In the most preserved area, species richness was almost triple that of the most degraded area. This difference may probably be related to structural changes in vegetation, resulting from negative anthropogenic actions. The use of the transmitter fixation technique via adhesive tape proved to be more efficient than fixation using glue, as it did not cause irritation to the specimens and was longer lasting. Despite the low number of individuals monitored, chelonians and snakes showed differences in their areas of use in relation to sex, body size and type of habitat occupied.
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THAMIRES KELLY NUNES CARVALHO
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IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE PADRÕES DE USO EM ESPÉCIES NATIVAS EM ÁREAS DE CAATINGA: UM ENFOQUE ETNOBIOLÓGICO E CONSERVACIONISTA
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Date: Jan 31, 2020
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Time: 08:00
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Show Summary
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O crescente processo de degradação da caatinga, somado a sazonalidade marcante do ambiente e a presença de inúmeras comunidades rurais, direcionam pesquisadores da etnobotânica a investigar a forma como as populações locais se relacionam com a vegetação disponível. A repetição de metodologias em vários lugares diferentes, dá a oportunidade de comparar regiões da caatinga e traçar padrões de uso em todo o estado. Essa tese é fruto de análises de pesquisas realizadas no decorrer de 10 anos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas em oito cidades do estado da Paraíba, sendo elas Itaporanga, Lagoa e São Mamede (sertão), Cabaceiras, Soledade e Congo (cariri) e Remígio e Solânea (curimataú). Ao todo foram entrevistadas 537 informantes. Foi realizado inventário de vegetação em todos os municípios, através dos métodos de parcelas semipermanentes e pontos quadrantes, a fim de delinear comparação entre os métodos. Os dados apresentados até o momento, podem ser considerados essenciais para a determinação de um padrão de uso de espécies vegetais da caatinga.
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