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2024
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JONNATAS EVARISTO DOS SANTOS Hydromel Production Using Cell-Free Reactors Asesor : FLAVIO LUIZ HONORATO DA SILVA Fecha: 30-ago-2024 Hora: 11:00 Mostrar Resumen Beekeeping, practiced globally, presents significant nuances due to variations in bee species, climatic conditions and regional economic development. Exploring the intersection between traditional methods, such as fumigation, and modern approaches, exemplified by artificial insemination, is of paramount importance. Honey, a complex substance made up of around 200 components, stands out for its main constituents: carbohydrates. In addition, it contains a variety of nutrients, biologically active compounds and natural antioxidants. The quality of honey is determined by its sensory properties, physical characteristics and chemical composition, influenced by botanical origin, color, aroma, moisture and protein and sugar content. In the global context, different types of honey serve as the basis for the production of mead, a fermented alcoholic drink considered one of the oldest known to man. Mead can be categorized into different types, influenced by the fermentation period, quantity and quality of honey, choice of yeast and resulting alcoholic content aiming to produce mead according to traditional methods, offering an attractive alternative to diversify honey-derived products. The easy industrialization and commercial acceptance of mead represent a valuable option for beekeepers, especially in times of low demand for fresh honey. The initiative seeks to add value to honey, stimulating the development of micro and small businesses, generating jobs and improving the quality of life in northeastern regions with beekeeping potential.
WILMA KARLA VASCONCELOS DA SILVA FOAM MAT DRYING OF SPINACH LEAF (Tetragonia tetragonoides L.) Asesor : JOSILENE DE ASSIS CAVALCANTE Fecha: 30-ago-2024 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Spinach is a vegetable with high nutritional value, as it is rich in fiber, vitamins and minerals. It contains antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C, phenolic compounds and carotenoids, which help maintain health and prevent chronic diseases. Drying is a preservation method, the purpose of which is to reduce water content, maintain product stability and extend its shelf life. The objective of this study was to obtain spinach leaf powder by drying in a foam layer. The foam was characterized according to physical parameters (density, expansion percentage, air incorporation and stability) and physicochemical parameters (total acidity content, pH and moisture). The emulsifier used was Portogel and drying was performed according to a factorial experimental design of 23 + 3 central points, in which the input variables were: emulsifier concentration (2, 3 and 4%), stirring time (6, 7 and 8 min) and temperature (50, 60 and 70 °C) and their influences on the dependent variables of final drying time and final moisture content were evaluated. Temperature was the variable that presented a statistically significant influence on the 95% confidence interval in the final drying time. Increasing the temperature reduced the drying time and the water content of the foam. The drying kinetics data were subjected to mathematical modeling using the Newton, Page, modified Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic and Midilli models, with the modified Page model presenting the best fit to the experimental data, due to the higher coefficient of determination and lower mean relative error. The powders obtained from spinach leaves were characterized according to the following parameters: pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), water activity (Aw), moisture, ash, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, color and total phenolic compounds (TPC). All analyses were performed in triplicate and in accordance with the Adolfo Lutz Institute (2008). The results indicated that the powders obtained presented a slightly acidic character, increased acidity content after drying and high soluble solids content ranging from 36 to 44 ºBrix. The water activity (˂ 0.6) and moisture content were in accordance with the legislation (≤ 15%), favoring conservation and storage. Significant phenolic compound content (1457.81 to 2056.88 mg EAG 100 g-1), green coloration, varying to darker tones when increasing the drying temperature from 50 to 70 ºC. The protein, lipid, ash and carbohydrate contents were concentrated, and the lipid content was influenced by the addition of the emulsifier. Thus, it is concluded that spinach leaf powders dehydrated by foam layer show promise for application in new formulations in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, considering the time and high cost of the freeze-drying process, foam layer drying becomes a viable and low-cost alternative for obtaining spinach leaf powder.
MOISES DA COSTA SOARES Synthesis and Characterization of the heterojunction of g-C3N4 with ZnO impregnated with silver nanoparticles for iron(II) Asesor : LEOPOLDO OSWALDO ALCAZAR ROJAS Fecha: 29-ago-2024 Hora: 16:00 Mostrar Resumen This study details the synthesis and characterization of the heterojunction between graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and zinc oxide (ZnO), impregnated with silver nanoparticles (NpsAg), aiming to investigate the structural and optical properties of these materials to enhance their performance in the reduction of Fe2+. The materials used were obtained by a simple combination method involving mixing, sonication, and thermal treatment steps. The results from characterization techniques such as XRD, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence successfully confirmed the synthesis. XRD identified the crystalline phases of g-C3N4 and ZnO, while photoluminescence analysis revealed a decrease in recombination in the heterojunction compared to pure g-C3N4. The calculation of the Band Gap of g-C3N4 from the DRS analysis agreed with values found in the literature. The gC3N4/ZnO and g-C3N4/Ag5/ZnO heterojunctions demonstrated efficiency in reducing the Fe2+ ion, indicating promising photocatalytic performance. These results contribute to the advancement of the understanding of these materials and highlight their potential application in conversion processes for products with a more negative reduction potential than the semiconductor.
EMMELY VITÓRIA DE SANTANA CABRAL EVALUATION OF ENZYME PRODUCTION BY Paecilomyces TP08 USING GRAPE STEM AND WHEAT BRAN AS SUBSTRATES IN SOLID STATE FERMENTATION Asesor : ANDREA FARIAS DE ALMEIDA Fecha: 22-ago-2024 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen The Brazilian agroindustry, responsible for 5.9% of the national GDP, generates organic waste whose inadequate disposal harms the environment and prevents reuse. Responsible management of this waste is crucial to mitigate environmental impacts and promote conscious practices. In grape production, driven by increased consumption and exports, by-products represent 30% of the total volume of grapes processed for wine, requiring efficient management to ensure sustainability. In this context, the objective of this work was to use grape stems and wheat bran as alternative substrates in solid state cultivation through the action of the filamentous fungus Paecilomyces TP08 for the production of cellulolytic, pectinolytic and proteolytic enzymes. For this, the stem was prepared by drying and grinding and both materials were characterized regarding moisture content, total reducing sugars, pH and porosity. A 2³ factorial experimental design, with triplicates at the central point, was carried out to analyze the influence of moisture variation, inoculum concentration and percentage of grape stems added to wheat bran. The levels of the independent variables applied were: humidity at 60%, 70% and 80%; inoculum concentration 1x106 , 107 and 108 spores per gram of substrate; and finally, concentrations of 25%, 50% and 75% of stalks together with wheat bran. A total of 11 solid state cultures were carried out, carried out at ± 28 °C for 120 h, with samples taken every 24 h to obtain the crude enzymatic extract through vacuum filtration. Aliquots of this filtrate were used for analysis and determination of enzymatic activities using the DNS method. The results obtained so far have shown that under conditions of 60% humidity, inoculum concentration of 1x106 and a percentage of 25% of grape stems, over a period of 48 h, activities of 493 U/g for exoglucanases and 486 U /g for endoglucanases. It was also possible to observe, between 24 h and 48 h, an increase of 204 U/g of exoglucanase activity and 383 U/g of endoglucanase. Thus, based on the results achieved, the potential for enzyme production when using grape stems and wheat bran as substrates in solid state cultivation under the proposed conditions becomes evident.
ALYSSON HENRIQUE DE ALBUQUERQUE ALVES PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOSURFACTANTS OBTAINED BY Bacillus subtilis (UFPEDA86) and Bacillus pumilus IN AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ALGAROBA Asesor : ANDREA FARIAS DE ALMEIDA Fecha: 20-ago-2024 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen Biosurfactants are molecules with amphipathic characteristics, that is, they contain a hydrophilic (polar) and a hydrophobic (non-polar) component in their molecular structure, which promote the reduction of surface and interfacial tension between liquids, solids and gases. They have many applications in various sectors, including agriculture, cosmetics, food, pharmacy, environment and petrochemicals. Compared to synthetic surfactants, biosurfactants have characteristics such as biodegradability, low toxicity, tolerances to wide ranges of temperature, salinity and pH, making them applicable in food products, cosmetics and medicines. However, due to high production costs, research is being carried out with strategies that aim to replace conventional substrates with low-cost and preferably renewable alternatives to production of biosurfactants. In the present work, the production of biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis (UFPEDA 86) and Bacillus pumilus was conducted using mesquite aqueous extract as substrate, at 1% (v/v) concentration. The cultures were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks shaken in an orbital rotating incubator at 200 rpm, 37°C and an aeration ratio of 0.4. Samples were taken at regular times to monitor microbial growth, substrate consumption, biosurfactant production and kinetic parameters during the 96h process. The recovery of biosurfactants obtained in the processes was carried out by acid precipitation (HCl at 6N) and characterization through analysis of the functional groups identified in FTIR. In cultivation using the B. subtilis UFPEDA 86 strain, a cell concentration in the exponential phase ([X]) of 0.78 g/L, cell productivity (Px) of 12.07 mg/L.h, maximum specific growth rate (µmax) of 0.0569 h -1 , biosurfactant concentration produced 2.83 g/L with an emulsification capacity of 72.1% in lubricating oils. In B. pumilus production, a maximum cell concentration was obtained in the exponential phase (Xmax) of 1.07 g/L, cell productivity (Px) was 8.59 mg/L.h and maximum specific growth rate (µmax) is 0.0063 h-1 . In relation to the biosurfactant produced, a concentration of 4.73 g/L was obtained with a good emulsification capacity of 85.4% in lubricating oils. Therefore, with the results obtained so far, it is possible to consider that the B. subtilis UFPEDA 86 and B. pumilus strains could produce lipopeptide-type biosurfactant from mesquite extract, as an alternative substrate, under the proposed conditions.
WANDERSON FELIPE ARAÚJO DOS PASSOS TRANSIENT ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A CO2 CAPTURE PLANT USING MEMBRANE CONTACTORS Asesor : ARIOSTON ARAUJO DE MORAIS JUNIOR Fecha: 26-jul-2024 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Hollow fiber membrane contacts (HFMCs) can efficiently separate CO2 from afterburner streams by providing a high contact surface area between the gas and a liquid solvent. Therefore, accurate models of carbon capture HFMCs are necessary to understand and optimize the process behavior. However, most steady-state models are limited to the analysis of design conditions and parameters. HFMC is a process intensification (PI) that combines membrane and absorption technologies, where the level of technological readiness is still expanding, which is why knowledge of the dynamics of this process is crucial for industrial scale-up. As membrane gas absorption processes become more established and their industrial applications grow, there is a need to evaluate control strategies to better operate the systems. In this manuscript, a rigorous dynamic model for a partial CO2 capture plant using a membrane unit as absorber is evaluated. Dynamic simulations were performed to analyze the models ability to predict the effect of various disturbances in the system. Also, in this work, a control strategy is analyzed, using different approaches for classical and advanced control, such as QDMC, IHMP and AMPC. The transient model proved to be stable in the face of disturbances, reaching coherent steady states as expected.
SÁVIO JOSÉ PONTES DA ROCHA BARROS STUDY OF THE LIQUID-VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM BY THE PHI-PHI FORMULATION: PROCEDURE FOR CORRECTION OF THE BINARY INTERACTION PARAMETER kij Asesor : LEOPOLDO OSWALDO ALCAZAR ROJAS Fecha: 25-jul-2024 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The calculation of liquid-vapor equilibrium plays a central role in thermodynamics and process simulations, as its use is necessary in single-stage flash calculations, distillation columns, compressors, pumps, mixers, and valves. However, solving the equation is challenging in nonideal systems. The Phi-Phi formulation offers greater simplicity with respect to its modeling, as well as in obtaining the parameters necessary for its resolution. However, it has limitations in representing deviations in the liquid phase. This study develops a procedure to correct the Phi-Phi formulation by performing regression of the binary interaction parameter kij using data obtained from the Gamma-Phi formulation, thereby expanding its applicability to mixtures with non-ideal liquid phases. To achieve this, Phi-Phi and Gamma-Phi formulations were implemented in MATLAB®, using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) and Peng-Robinson (PR) equations of state, as well as the activity models of Non-Random Two Liquids (NRTL) and UNIFAC. To ensure that the proposed procedure functions correctly, ten systems were analyzed. The results obtained for the studied mixtures were satisfactory based on validation with experimental data.
ARMSTRONG DOS SANTOS LEAL Production of fungal pectinases from aqueous extract of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC) Fecha: 29-feb-2024 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Biotechnological processes have played a crucial role in the valorization of by-products from the production industrial, as well as in the use of low-cost substrates to obtain bioproducts of interest. In the specific context, the use of the aqueous extract of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC). as a substrate for biotechnological processes it becomes an interesting strategy, as it has a composition rich in carbohydrates and proteins, and there are few reports in the literature of its use to obtain microbial enzymes. Pectinolytic enzymes are examples of enzymes that can be synthesized by filamentous fungi and have several industrial applications. In particular, pectinases are used in the wine and fruit juice industries, which results in reducing the viscosity of juices, increasing extraction yield, obtaining a crystalline appearance of the final product and decreasing filtration time. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential for using mesquite aqueous extract as a substrate for the production of pectinolytic enzymes from filamentous fungi. For enzyme production, the fungal isolates Paecilomyces sp. TP08. Aspergillus sp NA01, and Penicillium sp, cultivated in 1% (v/v) mesquite aqueous extract with pH adjusted to 5.8. For cultures, a 10% (v/v) aliquot of a conidial suspension was added at 1x107conidia/mL to each of the culture flasks to a final volume of 100 mL of medium. Samples were taken every 24 hours to check enzymatic activity with the fungal isolates. The cultivation was monitored by the determination of microbial growth, dry biomass method, by the determination of substrate consumption, DNS method and by enzymatic activity using 0.5% (w/v) citrus pectin in acetate buffer as a specific substrate (pH5.5). The results indicated, among the three fungal isolates analyzed, that Aspergillus sp. NA01, obtained higher pectinase activity (2,460 U/mL) and total substrate consumption at the end of four days of process. From the enzyme complex produced, the viscosity reduction potential of fresh cashew juice was qualitatively analyzed. Therefore, this isolate demonstrated greater ability to hydrolyze the pectin present in the mesquite extract, becoming a potential producer of pectinases with an unconventional substrate, under the cultivation conditions analyzed.
RUAN DIONÍZIO SILVA MODELING, SIMULATION, AND OPTIMIZATION OF BIOREACTOR: APPROACH TO THE SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION LIMIT IN ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION. Fecha: 28-feb-2024 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen The production of ethanol from sugarcane is a complex biochemical process that plays a vital role in transitioning to cleaner energy sources. The sucrose in sugarcane juice serves as a substrate for fermentation, carried out by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This biochemical transformation results in the production of ethanol, a renewable biofuel, and carbon dioxide. This study involves modeling and simulating a continuous alcoholic fermentation process of sugarcane using the mentioned yeast and its kinetic aspects. It emphasizes the importance of optimizing this process due to the need to find alternatives to polluting and non-renewable fuel sources globally, driving the demand for ethanol. The research aims to review the fermentative kinetics of Levenspiel, Monod, and Tosetto, applying them in mass and energy balances for comparison and analysis of variations in yield and productivity caused by the use of each approach. Depending on the initial cell concentration, substrate concentration, and residence time, a model for the ethanol concentration limit, Pmax, was developed to simulate the process more realistically. Factorial designs were implemented, varying residence time, initial substrate and cell concentrations, to compare the influence on yield and productivity results using a plate heat exchanger with a defined coolant flow for bioreactor cooling under chosen operational conditions. Numerical results revealed significant optimizations, such as a yield of 86.23% and a productivity of 37.90 Kg h −1m−3 with the plate heat exchanger in design 1, and a yield of 86.28% and a productivity of 42.33 Kg h −1m−3 with the same heat exchanger in design 2. The simulation relied solely on experimental data, empirical equations from the literature, and some fixed operational conditions as outlined in the research. The need for additional studies to understand other kinetic parameters (beyond the product concentration limit analyzed in this work) and their impact on ethanol production was emphasized.
YNIS THACIANE FELIX DA SILVA Development of Cosmetic Formulation Facial Cream Containing Noni Leaf Powder Obtained Through Drying in a Foam Layer Fecha: 26-feb-2024 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Brazil has the richest flora in the world and, among the plant species, medicinal plants from which food teas, medicinal and herbal teas can be obtained, are among the plant species that make up the Brazilian flora. Studies involving medicinal plants are related to phytotherapy, seeking to understand and use medicinal properties in promoting health and treating diseases. Among the applications, medicines and cosmetic emulsions are commonly developed from plant compounds with various benefits. Emulsions, for example, are formulations used in skin care products in which two phases, one aqueous and the other oily, are combined in order to obtain a pleasant product capable of providing benefits to the skin. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) has several therapeutic purposes due to the existence of more than 200 phytochemical substances with bioactive properties. However, plant species deteriorate within a short period of time after being harvested due to the availability of water, meaning they need to be consumed or processed quickly, sold dry and packaged. In this context, heat treatment is widely used for processing and consequently increasing the lifespan of these products. Among the existing treatments, foam layer drying is an advantageous process. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a facial cream from noni leaf powder obtained through drying in a layer of foam. Parameters of the powder obtained and the cosmetic formulation developed were analyzed. Starting with the analysis of the powder, the adsorption isotherms were determined in order to understand the perishability of the product for storage. Mathematical adjustments were made to the isotherms obtained with three different mathematical models. The Oswin model was the one that best represented empirical adjustments describing the process. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out in order to investigate the thermal stability of the noni leaf powder and the cosmetic formulation in the temperature range of 30 to 600ºC and in an inert nitrogen atmosphere under heating rates of 10, 20 and 40 ºC/min. . Isoconversional mathematical models were used to adjust the degradation kinetics, which proved to be effective in terms of degradation mechanisms, which was observed from the R2 values obtained. With the present study, it was therefore possible to conclude that noni leaves enable the development of formulations that meet the organoleptic and sensory requirements of a cosmetic preparation. Noni leaf powders obtained by drying in a foam layer showed high hygroscopicity under all conditions of production, presenting water activity (Aw) that varied from 0.098 to 0.969; the isotherms were classified as Brunauer Type III. The thermal behavior of noni leaf powder in an inert atmosphere is the same when compared at the same heating rates, which indicates that the conditions for obtaining the powder do not influence its decomposition process. With thermal analysis, it was possible to observe a gradual loss of mass for the noni leaf powder in all samples studied, which indicates that the samples are thermally unstable. The Activation Energy (Ea) determined did not show significant differences between the samples, indicating that the experimental conditions used to obtain the powder did not influence the degradation process. The mathematical models used in this study are effective in predicting Ea, presenting good values for the Coefficient of Determination (R²).
MARIA CECILIA SOARES CORREIA Development and characterization of acetic fermented sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) Asesor : JULICE DUTRA LOPES Fecha: 31-ene-2024 Hora: 08:30 Mostrar Resumen The sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) is a small fruit, oval in shape, with a thin, brown skin, and is sweet and juicy. It is normally consumed fresh, but because it is highly perishable, producers find it difficult to keep it preserved for sale. One of the technologies that can solve this problem is the production of vinegar, which can use raw materials and their by-products. It is obtained by alcoholic fermentation followed by acetic fermentation, both resulting from the action of microorganisms. The present work aimed to develop and characterize sapodilla vinegar, obtained from the isolation of acetic bacteria from kombucha and the sapodilla fruit itself. To obtain the sapodilla broth, a manual hydraulic press system was used, with cotton bags lining the inside of the press cylinder, due to the characteristics of the raw material. The acetic bacteria used to produce vinegar were obtained by isolating natural bacteria from sapodilla itself (SVS) and those from artisanal kombucha (KVS2). The alcoholic fermentation of sapodilla broth was carried out in 4 polyethylene bioreactors, with 5 L of broth each, at a controlled temperature (24 °C). The yeast used was Saccharomyces bayanus in an amount of 0.5 g/L. The slow method was used to carry out acetic fermentation, with 75% alcoholic fermented sapodilla and 25% inoculum. In one polyethylene bioreactor there was the KVS2 inoculum, and in another the SVS inoculum was added. After the vinegar had an alcohol content below 1°GL and exceeded 4% acetic content, it was removed from the bioreactor, vacuum filtered, bottled and pasteurized. The sapodilla vinegar underwent numerous analyzes to ensure that it was within the limits required by Brazilian legislation and was also subjected to sensory analysis. The yield of sapodilla pulp was 66.80%, and after extraction the TSS of the juice was 23.2°Brix, the total phenolic compounds (CFT) present were 17.203 mg EAG/100 mL, the antioxidant activity by DPPH it was 15.164 µM Trolox/100 mL and by FRAP it was 58.758 µM Trolox/100 mL. The control of the SVS medium lasted 16 months, finding an acidity of 3.817%, and due to deadlines, it was not possible to obtain a vinegar with bacteria from this medium, whereas the control of the KVS2 medium lasted 106 days, reaching a total acidity of 5.09. %. The alcoholic fermentation obtained an alcohol content of 13.4°GL in almost 9 days, with a maximum yield of 0.58 in the bioreactor. Acetic fermentation lasted 37 days and obtained a total acidity of 5.2338% and an alcohol content of 0.1°GL. The sapodilla vinegar had a volatile acidity of 4.31%, CFT of 30.883 mg EAG/100 mL; antioxidant activity by DPPH of 46.674 µM Trolox/100 mL and by FRAP of 41.977 µM Trolox/100 mL. The sensory analysis carried out concluded that there was no significant difference with 95% confidence between sapodilla vinegar and commercial apple cider vinegar, where sapodilla vinegar obtained an approval of 79.7%, with the vinegar being accepted.

2023
Descripción
MIRELLE DAYANNE FREIRE DE LIMA Evaluation of separation methods for carotenoids produced from submerged cultive Fecha: 29-sep-2023 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen Carotenoids are long aliphatic compounds, and have a double bond. In addition, they are part of the yellow or red group of food pigments such as fruits and vegetables or plants. However, such substances can be synthesized by specific microorganisms. The growing interest in the microbiological production of carotenoids to be carried out industrially was due to a concern with the use of additives in foods and drugs. Thus, the interest in a low-cost production and in a natural way by biotechnological procedures stood out. Yeasts are emphasized because of the protein source, good growth efficiency on low value and high sugar substrates. The yeast Rhodotorula glutinis is capable of synthesizing several compounds of interest with scope in the industry, such as lipids, carotenoids and enzymes, which generates considerable economic profit in biotechnological processes. Thus, this work evaluated the efficiency of different methods of carotenoid extraction from Rhodotorula glutinis in synthetic medium. Firstly, three different types of rupture were performed (lactic acid, glass beads and ultrasonic bath), then the extraction of total carotenoids was performed using two organic solvents (hexane and petroleum ether), and finally the use of green solvent with oils vegetables (sunflower and soy). The efficiency of the carotenoid extraction methods was evaluated by absorbances read in a spectrophotometer to describe the carotenoid profiles obtained. The selection of the rupture method as well as the carotenoid extraction method is essential, due to the presence of physical and chemical barriers. Therefore, the hexane solvent showed a better concentration of carotenoids using glass beads as cell disruption in the synthetic medium (132,9 μg/g). In extraction with vegetable oil, the best result was obtained using soybean oil in synthetic medium (18,65 μg/g).
MATEUS BEZERRA CANDIDO Production, Recovery and Characterization of Biosurfactants obtained by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus safensis Strains Fecha: 29-sep-2023 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Biosurfactants are amphiphilic molecules with surfactant characteristics, produced by different microorganisms that give them different classes depending on their microbial origin. Among these classes, the one of lipopeptide biosurfactants, in which surfactin is inserted, stands out. Surfactin has a high ability to reduce surface and interfacial tension, emulsifying capacity, low toxicity in addition to being biodegradable, mainly applied in the food, harmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The great challenge in the production of biosurfactants is to reduce the high cost of the process, due to the use of expensive substrates and the low efficiency in the recovery and purification steps. Cultivation strategies with low-cost substrates, such as agroindustry residues, have been expanded as a way of reducing production costs. The aqueous extract of mesquite can be an alternative, low-cost substrate to produce biosurfactants due to its high nutritional value. The present study sought to evaluate the ability of Bacillus subtilis UFPEDA 16 and Bacillus safensis 28 to produce biosurfactants using mesquite aqueous extract as substrate. The production processes were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks with an aeration ratio of 0.4 and agitated in a shaker incubator at 200rpm and maintained at 30ºC. For the cultivations with the Bacillus subtilis UFPEDA 16 strain, the culture medium used was only aqueous extract of the mesquite at 10% (v/v) and for the cultivations with the Bacillus safensis 28 strain, a medium consisting of the aqueous extract of the mesquite was used at 10% (v/v) added with 1% (w/v) yeast extract. Samples were taken at regular times to monitor microbial growth, substrate consumption and biosurfactant production during 120 hours of cultivation. From the results obtained, for the production of biosurfactants by B. subtilis, the cell concentration reached its maximum value (Xmax = 3.28 ± 0.33 g/L) in 32 hours of cultivation, substrate conversion factor in cells in the exponential phase (Yx/s) of 0.437 gx/gs and maximum specific growth velocity (µmax) is 0.0121h-1 , in relation to substrate consumption, it is observed that in 105 h the cultivation presents a substrate concentration of 12.29 g/L, so it can be estimated that during the production there was a consumption of approximately 4.83 g/L of substrate. However, 65.15% of the sugars present in the substrate were not consumed. The biosurfactant produced by B. subtilis has an emulsification capacity of 85.2% in lubricating oil. For the production with Bacillus safensis 28 we obtained the following results for the production with nitrogen supplementation by yeast extract the increase in cell concentration reached a maximum value (Xmax) at 31 hours of cultivation with a concentration of (4.58 ± 0 .3 g/l), substrate conversion factor in cells in exponential phase (Yx/s) of 0.190 gx/gs and maximum specific growth rate (µmax) is 0.0209h-1 . Regarding substrate consumption, it was found that in 124 h the cultivation has a substrate concentration of 1.0 g/L, so that it can be determined that substrate consumption during cultivation was 20.54 g/L, practically all the substrate was converted into a bioproduct, leaving only 4.64% of the unconsumed sugars and an emulsification capacity of 55%, not showing a good emulsification capacity of the produced biosurfactant. Therefore, the aqueous extract of mesquite can be considered a potential substrate to produce biosurfactants.
LUCAS ARAUJO TRAJANO SILVA PARTIAL RECOVERY AND PURIFICATION OF CELLULASES PRODUCED BY Penicillium sp. FSDE15 Fecha: 21-sep-2023 Hora: 15:00 Mostrar Resumen Enzymes are highly specialized protein molecules that play a fundamental role in accelerating chemical reactions within living organisms. They act as catalysts, lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, thereby increasing the speed of metabolic reactions. Factors such as pH, temperature, and concentration affect their activity. Enzymatic characterization involves analyzing temperature, pH, and thermal stability to understand properties and functionalities. Temperature and pH affect enzyme activity, with most enzymes exhibiting optimal operating values. Extreme deviations from these parameters lead to denaturation. The study aimed to characterize the enzymatic complex produced by the fungus Penicillium sp. FSDE 15, including parameters such as optimal temperature and pH, thermal stability, and different pH values of CMCase, FPase, and AVICELase enzymes. The development of a purification and concentration process for the enzymes using salts, organic solvents, and aqueous two-phase systems with polyethylene glycol 4000 and citrate buffer was explored. Tests were conducted at different temperatures (40-90 °C) and pH levels (3-6). The optimal temperature was found to be 50 °C, which decreased at higher temperatures. Optimal pH values ranged from 3 to 4, depending on the enzyme activity under study, with enzymes active at more acidic pH levels. The use of alcohol as a precipitating solvent for enzymes proved viable in a 1:1 ratio, maintaining enzyme characteristics. However, increasing this concentration or using acetone or ammonium salt led to gradual denaturation. The enzymes demonstrated stability within certain temperature and pH ranges, which is relevant for industrial applications. Comparative analysis with previous studies confirmed the results and observed trends.
VICTÓRIA SHIRLEY CÂMARA FERREIRA Foam-mat drying of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) egg whites Fecha: 30-ago-2023 Hora: 16:00 Mostrar Resumen The Numida meleagres, also known as guinea fowl, is a wild bird from South Africa and introduced in Brazil by the Portuguese settlers. The egg, in general, presents itself as a fundamental ingredient in food and countless products by adding nutritional and functional properties and being nutritious, rich in proteins and vitamins. However, it is extremely perishable and after laying, it soon loses its nutritional value if stored incorrectly. Drying is a successful way of preserving eggs, considering some advantages such as: taking up less space in the stock; ease of transport; good uniformity; easier to use and have stable microbiological quality. Drying in a foam layer is advantageous given its ability to maintain the high quality of the products, presenting great possibilities for the food industry, in addition to the low temperature used and reduced dehydration time due to the greater area of contact with air. This work aimed to define, through preliminary tests, the parameters and kinetics of drying in a foam layer of guinea fowl egg white. Physical and physical-chemical analyzes were carried out on the egg white in natura, the foam produced and the powder obtained by drying in a foam layer. Among the analyzes carried out are density, air incorporation, foam stability, viscosity, moisture content, total titratable acidity, pH and total soluble solids content (°Brix). The influence of independent variables on drying was studied through a complete factorial experimental design 22 + 4 central points. The operational variables to be studied (input variables) were agitation time and drying temperature. Egg white, as it naturally contains foaming properties given its protein structure, presented relevant data in relation to the physical characterization of the foam, the white in natura and the analyzes carried out on the obtained powders. All experiments showed good reproducibility, with curves characteristically represented by constant rate and decreasing rate. The drying process of guinea fowl egg whites by the foam layer method proved to be consistent with what was expected regarding the parameters evaluated in this study.
VICTÓRIA SHIRLEY CÂMARA FERREIRA Foam-mat drying of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) egg whites Fecha: 30-ago-2023 Hora: 16:00 Mostrar Resumen The Numida meleagres, also known as guinea fowl, is a wild bird from South Africa and introduced in Brazil by the Portuguese settlers. The egg, in general, presents itself as a fundamental ingredient in food and countless products by adding nutritional and functional properties and being nutritious, rich in proteins and vitamins. However, it is extremely perishable and after laying, it soon loses its nutritional value if stored incorrectly. Drying is a successful way of preserving eggs, considering some advantages such as: taking up less space in the stock; ease of transport; good uniformity; easier to use and have stable microbiological quality. Drying in a foam layer is advantageous given its ability to maintain the high quality of the products, presenting great possibilities for the food industry, in addition to the low temperature used and reduced dehydration time due to the greater area of contact with air. This work aimed to define, through preliminary tests, the parameters and kinetics of drying in a foam layer of guinea fowl egg white. Physical and physical-chemical analyzes were carried out on the egg white in natura, the foam produced and the powder obtained by drying in a foam layer. Among the analyzes carried out are density, air incorporation, foam stability, viscosity, moisture content, total titratable acidity, pH and total soluble solids content (°Brix). The influence of independent variables on drying was studied through a complete factorial experimental design 2 2 + 4 central points. The operational variables to be studied (input variables) were agitation time and drying temperature. Egg white, as it naturally contains foaming properties given its protein structure, presented relevant data in relation to the physical characterization of the foam, the white in natura and the analyzes carried out on the obtained powders. All experiments showed good reproducibility, with curves characteristically represented by constant rate and decreasing rate. The drying process of guinea fowl egg whites by the foam layer method proved to be consistent with what was expected regarding the parameters evaluated in this study.
FLAVIA LUIZA SILVA Ipojuca river Caruaru/PE effluent treatment by electroflocculation process using aluminum electrodes Fecha: 10-ago-2023 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Water is a fundamental natural resource for the survival of all species on the planet. With its unbridled use and population growth, a large volume of effluents has been generated, which are released into rivers without proper treatment, causing serious problems to the environment. Rivers have been one of the main points affected by pollution, such as the Ipojuca river located in the city of Caruaru-PE, which is currently considered the third most polluted river in Brazil. Considering the water scarcity crisis, in recent times, new technologies and different types of treatment have been developed to try to alleviate this problem. Electroflocculation appears as an innovative technique, due to its efficiency. This technique is an electrochemical treatment, in which its own coagulant is generated through electrolysis, thus dispensing with the addition of chemical coagulants. This work aims to evaluate the efficiency of the electroflocculation technique using aluminum electrodes for the treatment of effluent from the Ipojuca River. The electroflocculation process was carried out in a batch reactor, using aluminum electrodes from soft drink cans and the like, being carried out during a predetermined period of 60 minutes using 5 liters of the sample in each test, applying a voltage of 12 volts and under internal agitation. The analyzed parameters were: BOD, COD, oils and greases, pH, turbidity, nitrate, nitrite and manganese. The parameter that had the greatest reduction was the oil and grease content, reaching 94.59% and the lowest was the chloride content, with a reduction of 0.98%.
FLAVIA LUIZA SILVA Ipojuca river Caruaru/PE effluent treatment by electroflocculation process using aluminum electrodes Fecha: 10-ago-2023 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Water is a fundamental natural resource for the survival of all species on the planet. With its unbridled use and population growth, a large volume of effluents has been generated, which are released into rivers without proper treatment, causing serious problems to the environment. Rivers have been one of the main points affected by pollution, such as the Ipojuca river located in the city of Caruaru-PE, which is currently considered the third most polluted river in Brazil. Considering the water scarcity crisis, in recent times, new technologies and different types of treatment have been developed to try to alleviate this problem. Electroflocculation appears as an innovative technique, due to its efficiency. This technique is an electrochemical treatment, in which its own coagulant is generated through electrolysis, thus dispensing with the addition of chemical coagulants. This work aims to evaluate the efficiency of the electroflocculation technique using aluminum electrodes for the treatment of effluent from the Ipojuca River. The electroflocculation process was carried out in a batch reactor, using aluminum electrodes from soft drink cans and the like, being carried out during a predetermined period of 60 minutes using 5 liters of the sample in each test, applying a voltage of 12 volts and under internal agitation. The analyzed parameters were: BOD, COD, oils and greases, pH, turbidity, nitrate, nitrite and manganese. The parameter that had the greatest reduction was the oil and grease content, reaching 94.59% and the lowest was the chloride content, with a reduction of 0.98%.
OTONIEL ANACLETO ESTRÊLA FILHO Evaluation of the adsorptive capacity of ZIF-8 for oil removal Fecha: 29-jun-2023 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen The considerable amount of produced water discharged by the oil industry contributes to an environmental imbalance due to the presence of several potentially harmful components to the ecosystem. Among remediation techniques adsorption is widely investigated because of its adaptability and efficiency. Zinc Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) has properties such as a high surface area adjustable pore sizes and hydrophobicity which give it a high capacity for adsorbing hydrocarbons. This study aims to investigate ZIF-8 as an adsorbent for oil removal in synthetic produced water by finite bath systems. The ZIF-8 experimentally obtained by the solvothermal method was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG/DSC), surface area and porosity analysis by the BET method, in addition to determining its point of zero charge (pHpcz). The factors that influence the adsorption capacity were verified such as pH, mass of the adsorbent, contact time and temperature. From the results of DRX and FTIR it was possible to confirm the synthesis of pure ZIF-8. The adsorbent showed thermal stability up to 400 ºC, surface area of 1558.1 m2.g-1 and average pore diameter equal to 28.8 nm. The pseudo-first order model (PPO) was the most representative and the adsorption process, according to the intraparticle diffusion model presents multilinearity. The experimental equilibrium data fit better to the Sips model indicating that the process takes place in a heterogeneous system. The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic being a physisorption. Thus, ZIF-8 showed properties that enable its use in the adsorption of oil, which had an adsorption capacity equal to 462.8 mg.g-1 where the interactions between adsorbate and adsorbent is based on electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.
ERIKA MEDEIROS DO NASCIMENTO MODELING AND SIMULATION OF A CSTR BIORREACTOR FOR THE ENZYME PRODUCTION OF PANOSE OLIGOSACCHARIDE Fecha: 30-mar-2023 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Panose is a high-value oligosaccharide of great commercial interest, being the second sweetest sugar, second only to sucrose, in addition to having prebiotic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties that contribute to health. The present work studies the development of a mathematical model of a CSTR bioreactor associated with the bypass and dead zone model for the enzymatic production of the oligosaccharide panose by Leuconostic mesenteroides NRRL B512F considering state, the dimensional characteristics of the bioreactor and the fixed impeller, stationary and the parameters kinetics obtained in the literature. A simulation of the bioreactor was carried out using the computational software Scilab as a tool to analyze the effects of the model parameters at different agitation levels, variation of the total volume fraction (α) the fraction of the volume that suffers deviation (β) and the operational conditions of the bioreactor for the enzymatic production of Panose. The results showed that an inhibitory process occurs when the maltose acceptor concentration is less than or equal to the substrate concentration. The kinetics, the performance of the reactor was strongly influenced by hydrodynamics, that is, the concentration of panose always increased when the impeller agitation increased as a function of the increase in the fraction of total occupied volume (α), that is, the greater the occupied volume of the bioreactor, the smaller the bypassy and the greater the production of panose.
ITALO VIDAL DA SILVA OIL WATER TREATMENT BY ELECTROFLOCCULATION PROCESS WITH ALUMINUM ELECTRODES Fecha: 30-mar-2023 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Water is one of the most important natural assets for the maintenance of life on the planet and for the balance of its ecosystem, in such a way that allows the maintenance and development of society since ancient times. Over the decades and with the exponential increase in the development of society, the scientific field, and especially the industrial sector, which directly impacted the reduction of various natural resources, bringing to light that the unbridled and unsystematic use of these resources would severely impact not only that the planet, but also the life and development of the various fields, especially the oil industry, which generates a large volume of oily effluents, also known as produced petroleum water. Faced with the growing global concern about the water crisis, it is extremely necessary to implement political measures and environmental awareness, for the quality of water, new Technologies and implementations in effluent and wastewater treatment arise, such as electroflocculation. The objective of this work is to verify the efficacy of the electroflocculation treatment in oily effluents, evaluating the parameters of the samples before and after the electrolytic treatment, according to the following physical-chemical analyses: oil and grease content (TOG), total alkalinity, chlorides, total hardness, pH, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The experiments were performed on a laboratory scale, at voltages of 5 and 12 volts and continuous current of 1.5 amperes from na electrolytic cell and aluminum electrodes from recyclable cans. The tests were performed in a volume of 2.5 L, lasting 30 minutes, with tests under external agitation. Through the analyses the efficiency in the removal of impurities was verified. The physicochemical parameters were close in removal efficiency for the tensions of 5 volts and 12 volts, respecrively, for TOG (98.10% and 99.68%), total alkalinity (12.50% and 17.50%), chlorides (2.56% and 4.64%), total hardness (14.29% and 7.14%), ph (7.17 and 7.27), turbidity (84.31% and 99.84%) and COD (38.97% and 54.74%).
NAYARA BARBOSA DOS SANTOS EVALUATION OF THE APPLICABILITY OF NATURAL AROMAS OF CASHEW AND CAJÁ IN THE FLAVORING OF KOMBUCHA Fecha: 28-mar-2023 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen Kombucha tea is a refreshing drink with a characteristic flavor, slightly sweet and acidic, consumed all over the world. Praised for its detoxifying and energizing properties, it is obtained in up to 15 days from the first fermentation (F1) of tea sweetened with leaves of the genus Camellia sinensis in which an acidifying solution (starter) is inoculated together with the Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeasts (SCOBY). From this, the option of incorporating different flavors to the drink is available through infusion techniques of fruits, pulps, spices or extracts in a second fermentation stage (F2). Therefore, it is important to control some variables that influence the process, such as temperature, luminosity, oxygenation and asepsis, in parallel with the monitoring of parameters such as pH, total acidity, alcohol and sugar content through specific methodologies and devices. In this context, the present research applies to Bauá Kombucha® with the objective of evaluating the use of natural aromas in the flavoring of non-alcoholic kombucha, as substitutes for commercial pulps commonly used on an industrial scale. In this way, we sought to emphasize aromas and flavors added to the beverage, also providing standardization and stability to the batches. The Regional flavors of Cajá and Cashew, already commercialized by the brand, were selected due to their representativeness and availability in the market. Thus, tests were outlined in three fundamental parts, to verify the influence of the carbohydrate concentration on the F1 (Preliminaries), determination of the best concentrations of natural aromas and pulps of both flavors for F2 (Initials of bench) and kinetic evaluation of the maturation phase and natural gasification of the unpasteurized drink. In all cases, the recipes and concentrations used were hidden for reasons of secrecy, parameters such as pH, ART, TSS, ATT, Ratio, color, density, foamability and CO2 production being evaluated. Finally, we proceeded with the nutritional characterization of the best results obtained, also in terms of total phenolics, antioxidant activity and minerals.
TÁSSIO MAX DOS ANJOS MARTINS Thermodynamic Modeling and Parametric Analysis in a Pressure Swing Distillation Fecha: 28-feb-2023 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen This work aims to study the pressure swing distillation (PSD) of binary azeotropic mixtures. The investigated binary mixtures were: chloroform-methanol, acetone-chloroform, THF-methanol, acetone-methanol and ethyl acetate-ethanol. First, the influence of the thermodynamic modeling of the vapor phase was studied, considering that high pressures are necessary in the process. The motivation for this investigation is based on the fact that several articles in the literature consider the ideal vapor phase. Thus, simulations and comparisons were performed based on the modified Raoult's law (ideal vapor phase) and the − formulation (Peng-Robinson and Hayden-O'Connell vapor phase), using the simulation software COCO/ChemSep, version 3. 4. The second part of the work, considering the mixture chloroform-methanol, evaluated the effect of some operational parameters little explored in the literature through parametric analyses. These parameters were the selection of distillation column pressure, feed temperature and feed compositions. The results of the first part show that it is essential to consider the non-ideality of the vapor phase for a precise description of the phenomenon, since the different models alter the phase equilibrium of the mixtures. About the parametric analyses, the second part of the work, it was evidenced that the pressure selection reduces the energy costs of the reboiler by 10.89% and operating under vacuum is a viable proposal. The column feed temperature was studied between the range of 290 K and 340 K, having an optimized value at the temperature of 321.1 K. The feed molar composition equal to 0.4 of chloroform showed a reduction in the reboiler service of 11.7%. The mentioned effects originate from the mathematical modeling of the mass balance of the process. Considering the base case of the chloroform-methanol mixture, the parametric analyzes reduced the total heat of the reboilers and the TAC by approximately 21.3% and 17.6%, respectively.

2022
Descripción
PRICILA DE SOUZA ARAÚJO Use of bentonite and sisal fiber as adsorbents in the removal of amoxicillin antibiotic Fecha: 29-sep-2022 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen The risks and impacts of antibiotics on the environment is a problem that has drawn the attention of researchers, since the continuous release of effluents contaminated with these substances, associated with the lack of efficient treatment technologies, is still a challenge. Considering that amoxicillin is one of the most prescribed antibiotics in Brazil and in the world, the main objective of this work was to evaluate bentonite and sisal fiber as adsorbents in the adsorption of amoxicillin in an aqueous medium. The adsorbents were characterized by zero charge point techniques, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Boehm titration, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and physical N 2 adsorption. The adsorption tests occurred with variation of concentration (10 ppm to 100 ppm) and temperature (23 ºC, 33 ºC, 43 ºC). The influence of the adsorbent mass and pH of the medium were also investigated. Through the characterization analysis it was verified that the bentonite is of the calcium type, mesoporous (9.856 m 2 .g -1 ), with a heterogeneous structure formed by aggregates of smaller particles. Sisal is also a mesoporous material (2,193 m 2 .g -1 ), fibrous with a rough surface and a fine and compacted cell arrangement, the fiber surface functional groups present the following order: carboxylic (COOH) > lactones (COOR) > phenolics (OH). Kinetic data for bentonite followed the pseudo-first order model, reaching 92.3 % removal in 360 min of assay with adsorption capacity of 0.923 mg.g -1 . For sisal, the kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model, reaching 17.2 % removal in 300 min with adsorption capacity of 1.721 mg.g -1. The isotherm models for both adsorbents at the temperature of 23 ºC were adjusted to the Langmuir model, for 33 ºC they followed the Sips model and for the temperature of 43 ºC, the isothermal data for bentonite followed the Sips model and for sisal the model from Langmuir. The thermodynamic data indicated that the nature of the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic, with the exception of adsorption with sisal at a temperature of 43 ºC. Bentonite is an effective adsorbent for removing amoxicillin in adsorption treatment systems. When compared to bentonite, sisal did not present equivalent results, but because it is a natural, low-cost and easily accessible material, it can still be thought of as an alternative adsorbent.
MARIA EDUARDA ARAUJO PESSOA OBTAINING NANOCELLULOSE FROM SISAL FIBERS AND ITS APPLICATION IN DRILLING FLUIDS Fecha: 23-sep-2022 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen The growing interest in the properties of nanoparticles is due to their large surface area, which makes it possible to reduce the frictional resistance between the drill pipe and the lateral wellbore and improve the torque and resistance of drilling fluids, whose functions range from cleaning the wellbore, keeping the gravel in suspension to prevent collapse and ensure the stability of the borehole wall, to the formation of waterproof grout. Therefore, in the present work, the obtention of water-based drilling fluids was studied with subsequent analysis of the influence of the concentration (0.0, 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 %) of nanoparticles of sisal (nanocellulose). Four groups of liquids were tested, each with different properties, and group 4 was selected to test these different concentrations. Nanocellulose was obtained by acid hydrolysis (56 % sulfuric acid), where the fibers were pretreated with mercerization (NaOH, 4 %) and bleach (NaClO 2 , 1.7 %), and then centrifuged with the addition of potassium acetate (0.5 %) and ethanol, and dried in an oven (60 °C/18 h) to obtain dry final nanosized particles. The liquids of the four groups studied were prepared by stepwise addition of the components and mixing in the Hamilton-Beach apparatus with an interval of 24 h for reading in the viscometer. The values of plastic viscosity, yield point, apparent viscosity and gel strength, as well as filtrate properties (filtrate volume, thickness and permeability of the cake) were determined. The fluids of groups 1 showed phase separation behavior, and no rheological and filtration studies were performed. The fluids of groups 2, 3 and 4 showed satisfactory rheological behavior with the properties of non-Newtonian fluids (Herschel Bulkley was the model with the best fit to the experimental data) and thixotropic properties. When analyzing the behavior of the addition of nanocellulose to group 4, it was found that the nanoparticles had an effect on the analyzed properties, but were not sufficient to achieve the desired filtrate volumes, even at low filter cake thicknesses.
FRANCIMAURA CARVALHO MEDEIROS In vitro production of Anticarsia and Chrysodeixis baculoviruses in Sf21 cells line. Fecha: 30-jun-2022 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] is one of the most important cultivars for humanity, being responsible for supplying half of the world demand for proteins and vegetable oils. Brazil is one of the largest soybean producers in the world, however, about 60% of production is threatened by pests such as Anticarsia gemmatalis and Chrysodeixis includens. The most common method of pest control used in Brazil is the use of pesticides, however, these chemical substances have impacts on human health and the environment, which demonstrates the urgency of developing alternative pest control methods. In this way, studies were started to reduce the amount of these chemicals used, then the baculovirus production method was developed, which are specific and infect the order of Lepidoptera and can be developed as a bioinsecticide for commercialization and use in crops of soybean. Thus, the present work aimed at the in vitro production of the baculovirus Anticarsia gemmatalis Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) and Chrysodeixis includens Single Nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChinSNPV), using cells from the insect Spodoptera frungiperda, Sf21 cell line, which were adapted to suspension culture. For the production of baculovirus, the cells were adapted to suspension culture, using an Erlenmeyer flask (125mL) with 30mL of suspension volume, in a rotating orbital incubator under controlled conditions of 120 rpm and 28ºC (±2ºC), and infected with viral inoculum. 10% (v/v) budded virus (BV) from AgMNPV and ChinSNPV and also with occlusion-derived virus (ODV) from ChinSNPV, followed for 8 days of culture. Samples were taken every 24 hours to determine viability, cell concentration and occlusion bodies (OB). Using the BV of AgMNPV, at the end of the process, a maximum volumetric production of 1.38x10 7 OB/mL was obtained. -infection. The result obtained from ODV infection of ChinSNPV was an initial concentration of 1.04 x 10 6 OB/mL. Therefore, it is concluded that both virus phenotypes can infect SF21 cells, but BV-like viral particles were more effective in the in vitro infection processes of ChinSNPV using Sf21 cells line.
ARTHUR FELIPE PEREIRA DE JESUS MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CO2 CAPTURE PLANTS: DESIGN AND THE ECONOMICS OF THE PROCESS Fecha: 31-mar-2022 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen A significant proportion of energy generation comes from coal combustion processes and therefore represents one of the largest point sources of CO2 emissions worldwide. One of the best options for utilizing the existing infrastructure is to add a separation process to the flue gas, a practice known as Post-Combustion Capture (PCC). CO2 capture processes have been spreading and being the object of different studies, given the current scenario. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology is an effective CO2 storage technology. Today, this technology has become important due to the threat of global warming and climate change. In addition, the development of carbon dioxide captures and utilization (CCU) technology, which reuses captured CO2, has been prioritized in recent years to accelerate the implementation of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage. Regardless of the various types of CO2 capture technologies, amines are the most widely used chemical species. The present work contains the theoretical-practical and phenomenological concepts of mathematical modeling and simulation of the processes of a CO2 capture plant using amine as solvent, performing the modeling and dynamic simulation of a post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) unit (process), making a cost analysis for different plant designs.
ELINE DE SOUZA PONTES ANDRADE Production of fungal proteases and cellulases from grape stalks Fecha: 30-mar-2022 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Grape processing for wine production generates a large volume of waste, which is generally used by wineries as organic fertilizer. However, in recent years, these residues have been considered a cheap and rich source of bioactives. Grape stalk is an interesting raw material for industrial bioconversion processes, since it has a high content of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Thus, it has peculiar characteristics to be used in biotechnological processes, mainly in the production of microbial enzymes. Thus, this work sought to use grape stalks, from an artisanal winery in the region of Natuba-PB, as a substrate in the solid process by the action of the fungi Paecilomyces sp. TP08 and Aspergillus sp. NA01, grown separately, to produce cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes. The stalk was prepared and characterized in terms of moisture, pH, porosity, reducing sugars and total reducing sugars. For enzymatic production, Erlenmeyer flasks (125mL) with 10g of grape stalks inoculated with a conidia suspension of 1.107 conidia per gram of solid substrate were used. From the characterization, a pH of 4.10± 0.8 was obtained; reducing sugar with 0.434 g/L of glucose and total reducing sugar of 1.02 g/L of glucose, and porosity of 0.66, results showed that the grape stalk has the potential to be used as a substrate in solid process. Grape stalk moisture was adjusted to approximately 70% and cultivation was carried out at room temperature at 30±1.5ºC. After 10 days of process, from the substrate cultivated by the fungal isolates, separately, the crude enzyme complex was extracted to determine the enzymatic activity. Cellulolytic activity obtained from the process with Aspergillus sp. NA01 was 1.73 ± 0.16 U/g for FPase and 11.41 ± 0.38 U/g for CMCase, and a proteolytic activity of 8.17 ± 0.51U/g. Regarding the process using Paecilomyces sp. TP08 obtained cellulolytic activities of 7.48 ± 1.26 U/g for CMCase and 2.11 ± 0.46 U/g for FPase. Protease production was more evident in the isolate Paecilomyces sp. TP08, 26.39 ± 2.06 U/g when compared to the Aspergillus sp. NA01. In view of the results, the potential of using grape stalks for the production of enzymatic cocktail containing cellulases and proteases was verified, obtained at low cost due to the use of a residue from grape processing as a substrate.
IASMYN IRENNY DE SOUZA COSTA DRYING BASIL LEAF (Ocimum basilicum L.) BY THE FOAM-MAT DRYING Fecha: 30-mar-2022 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The species Ocimum basilicum L., popularly known as basil, basil, basilicon, among others, is a plant that has great economic value, being used as a medicinal, ornamental, aromatic plant in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Basil leaf is highly perishable, not being able to be preserved for many days. To preserve the plant's existing properties, the method of drying in a foam layer (foam mat drying) is a simple, low-cost alternative capable of increasing service life. Thus, the objective of this work was to obtain and evaluate the quality of basil leaf powder through drying in a foam layer using Portogel® as a foaming agent. The foam was characterized by analyzing its stability, density, capacity to incorporate air, expansion, humidity and pH. The drying process followed a complete factorial experimental design of 2³ + 3 central points, totaling 11 experiments, to verify the influence of the independent variables: foaming agent concentration (3, 4, 5%), distribution time (4, 5 and 6 minutes) and drying temperature (50, 60 and 70 ° C) on the dependent variables (final drying time) and on the characteristics of the powder (theoretical yield, water activity, solubility, moisture content, ash content, pH and TSS). With the drying data, the kinetic and drying rate curves were plotted. The results presented a typical drying curve, represented by two periods, the constant period and the decreasing rate period. It was observed that the increase in drying temperature provided a reduction in drying time, with the shortest time being obtained in the experiment with maximum conditions of the experimental planning. The highest drying rates were also presented in the experiments at a temperature of 70 °C and the lowest at a temperature of 50 °C. The powders had a slightly acid pH as a result, around 6.02. Water activity on average of 0.360 within the parameters required by legislation. The moisture of the powder ranged between 6.98 and 9.02%. The basil leaf powder showed ash content with an average of 12.35 %, soluble solids below 25 ºBrix and water solubility index between 20.55 ± 0.07% and 54.58 ± 0.14%. The characteristics of the basil leaf were preserved, indicating that the foam layer drying technique is a viable process to obtain its powder form.
ELAINE CRISTINA CASTRO ALMEIDA USE OF POWDER FROM THE LEAVES OF SÃO CAETANO MELON (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.), OBTAINED BY DRYING IN A LAYER OF FOAM, IN COSMETIC FORMULATIONS Fecha: 28-mar-2022 Hora: 09:06 Mostrar Resumen The São Caetano melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a plant belonging to the cucurbitaceae family. It originated in Asia and is currently considered an invasive plant in tropical and subtropical countries, due to its rapid adaptation in these regions. Leaves, flowers and fruits have significant chemical and nutritional composition and activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory have already been proven in several parts of this plant. Global demand for natural cosmetics has been growing considerably in recent years, driven by sustainability and wellness trends. Consumers become interested in raw materials of natural origin that add value to the final product. The drying process is of great importance to ensure the quality and stability of plant species, reducing the risk of proliferation of microorganisms, since there is a reduction in water present in the material. Among the various drying techniques, the foam layer has been widely studied due to its low cost and high efficiency in removing moisture. The objective of this work was to obtain powder from the leaves of São Caetano melon, from drying in a foam layer, for later use in hair cosmetic formulations. For physicochemical characterization of the obtained powder, analyzes of pH, ash, moisture, solubility, total titratable acidity, measurement of brix and lipids, in addition to determinations of ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and granulometry were performed. Adsorption isotherms were developed following an adaptation of the method proposed by Spiess and Wolf (1987). Samples were weighed with 0.5 g and taken for water activity reading, at the initial time and at regular time intervals. The temperatures in this study were 15; 30 and 45°C. For the development of shampoo and conditioner, concentrations of 0.5; 1.5 and 2.0% of the powder. The isotherms showed statistically significant values and were adjusted for the linear, Oswin and Peleg BET models, when analyzed individually and in groups. The obtained powder presented an average of 10.15% of humidity and a very low solubility rate, when compared with other materials. The content of lipids, vitamin C and phenolic compounds showed better results than some found in the literature for other studies. To compare the effects of the foaming agent used, a lyophilization drying was performed. The efficiency of the formulations was evaluated by means of foam and surface tension tests, for shampoos, and by combability tests and strands of different hair types. The foams and surface tensions of the formulations developed were equivalent to market products. For combing, concentrations of 1.5 and 2.0% obtained the best results. When analyzing the brightness, all the concentrations used proved to be efficient. In the accelerated stability study, the shampoo proved to be unstable over the weeks, requiring a formula adjustment. The conditioner was stable, with no change in viscosity, just a slight change in pH. From what has been observed, the powder of São Caetano melon leaves can be an alternative for use as an active in cosmetic formulations.
ANDRESSA CLAUDIA DA SILVA SANTANA CAVALCANTE DEVELOPMENT OF FERMENTED ALCOHOLIC DRINK CARBONATED FROM THE FRUIT OF THE SAPODILLA (Manilkara zapota L.) Fecha: 25-mar-2022 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The processing of fruit to obtain beverages is a way to add value to the raw material, in addition to improving the producer's remuneration for the development of new products. Having this idea as a premise, the objective of this work was to elaborate and characterize carbonated fermented beverages based on sapodilla. With fruits purchased in the city of João Pessoa (PB), beverages were prepared in three different TSS concentrations (14 ºBrix, 16 ºBrix and 20 ºBrix) and a preliminary test with a concentration of 16.1 ºBrix. The analyzes performed were total titratable acidity, volatile acidity and fixed acidity, pH, total soluble solids, total dry extract, ash, reducing sugar, non-reducing and total reducing sugar, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, alcohol content and biomass concentration. For all formulations, fermentation kinetic parameters were calculated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test was applied to identify significant differences between means, at a confidence level of 95%. The aerated alcoholic fermented products from the final formulations showed average values of 7.4% for alcohol content; 3.54 for pH and 2.2 ºBrix for total soluble solids content. The fermented products obtained from the preliminary test showed average values of 5.9% for alcohol content; 3.43 for pH and 4.5 ºBrix for total soluble solids content. For all beverages, the results of kinetic parameters ranged from 0.28 to 0.34 for product yield and from 55.56 to 67.30% for fermentation efficiency. The aerated alcoholic fermented products from the preliminary test showed a higher content of total phenolic compounds (8.79 mg EGA/100 mL) with an antioxidant capacity of 518.76 µM TEAC/g of DPPH radical inhibition, 437.42 µM TEAC/g of ABTS radical inhibition and 671.44 µM TEAC/g FRAP reducing power. The alcohol content parameter for all aerated sapodilla fermented products presented values within the range established by the legislation, while for the total titratable acidity, the only fermented product that obtained a result within the specified by the legislation was that of bioreactor 3, with an average value of 122.4 meq/L.
AISLA RAYANNY BARBOSA DO NASCIMENTO EFFICIENCY OF CAROTENOID EXTRACTION METHODS PRODUCED BY Rhodotorula glutinis USING MANIPUEIRA AS SUBSTRATE Fecha: 11-mar-2022 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen In recent years, there has been a growing consumer interest in carotenoids, mainly of sustainable origin, with applications in the food, cosmetic, nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical industries. The growing demand for natural products has led people to replace artificial dyes with natural ones, as consuming artificial dyes can be harmful to health. Carotenoids are natural, lipophilic, yellow, orange or red dyes widely distributed in algae, plants, crustaceans, fish, birds and microorganisms in nature. These pigments can be used in different industries, not just for coloring purposes. Rhodotorula glutinis is a yeast that can synthesize many valuable compounds with wide industrial use, such as lipids, carotenoids and enzymes, which considerably increases the economic profitability of biotechnological processes. This research used Rhodotorula glutinis through submerged fermentation to produce high-value compounds, such as carotenoids, from low-cost substrates, such as wastewater cassava. There are several studies on methods of extracting carotenoids targeting yeasts. That extraction depends on strength of the cell coatings, polarity of solvent and nature of targeted carotenoids. Therefore, this work evaluated the efficiency of different methods of extracting carotenoids from Rhodotorula glutinis in wastewater cassava. Total carotenoids were extracted using three different types of solvents (acetone, petroleum ether and hexane), four types of vegetable oil (soybean oil, corn oil, coconut oil and cottonseed oil) and a solvent extraction. + mechanics with DMSO and glass beads. The efficiency of the carotenoid extraction methods was evaluated by the absorbances read in a spectrophotometer to trace the carotenoid profiles obtained from the extracted pigments. The choice of carotenoid extraction method is fundamental, due to the presence of several carotenoids with different levels of polarity, and the presence of several physical and chemical barriers. Thus, the solvent that presented the best yield was acetone + petroleum ether (4.971 ± 0.04). In the extraction with vegetable oil, the best yield was obtained using corn oil (7.774 ± 0.007).
JAQUELYNNE CASSIA DE AMORIM GEOLOGICAL AND MINERAL POTENTIAL OF RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN PARAÍBA: Mineralogical characterization Fecha: 09-mar-2022 Hora: 15:00 Mostrar Resumen Rare earth elements (REE) form the group of lanthanide compounds, elements that play a huge role in global economic growth and the modern technology market. This technological resource, the rare earths, is widely distributed throughout the world, but China has a monopoly on it. The global demand for REE has led China - the "leading economic producer of REE" - to limit its export quotas, thus reducing the supply of REE. Due to the depleting availability of RE, other countries have started to look for alternative and additional sources of REE. Monazite is a phosphate light rare earth mineral [(REEL)PO4] which occurs in association with titanium ore. The work aims to collect data information on the chemical composition, microstructure e the crystal phases of the mineral ilmenite that it could help to recommend an efficient separation process. Furthermore, the concentration or separation of these elements is difficult to process, because their chemical characteristics are very similar. The Brazil has an important role to play, since it has a large scale of exploitable deposits. However, little of these inputs is produced and consumed due to a lack of appropriate technology. Given this scenario, several studies have been conducted to increase the production of these in the country. Three main minerals are considered for RE element extraction to be feasible: the monazite mineral, which is the objective of this study, bastnasite and xenotime. In this work the chemical and mineralogical characterization was performed. A orderly characterization study of the concentrate was conducted using techniques such asn XRD, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-sidpersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). These techniques have seen analyzed the morphological details on the surface of the sample, and the other hand the composition and the identify mineral phases, in which the elements are present, were studied by Frx and DRx. The sample represents a portion of the heavy mineral concentration tailings from the first concentration phase from the Guajú mine. The sample was classified into four size classes: range of size 0.595mm, size 0.420mm, size 0.297mm and size 0.210mm. The XRF analysis confirmed the presence of Si, Al, Fe, Ti oxides and rare earth oxides typescripts: REOs (Ce, La and Nd). The XRD results confirmed that mineralogical analysis of the ilmenite mineral processing tailings evaluated revealed the presence of quartz, which as expected, is characterized as the gangue mineral. The XDR results confirmed that the tailings concentrate was primarily composed of quartz along with minor phases of monazite ((Ce, La, Nd, Th (PO4)). This is due to the fact in which stage of mineral processing the raw material was analyzed. Traces of Si, Al, Fe, Ti, Ca, K were also confirmed by SEM elemental mapping. To reduce the increase in mining beneficiation costs, a preliminary mineralogical analysis is needed to mine the RTS efficiently.
ORLANDO XAVIER DE OLIVEIRA Amoxicillin removal using coffee grounds as adsorbent Fecha: 24-feb-2022 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The disposal of pharmaceuticals in the environment has been of great concern, but with the tech-nological revolution, the fear of contamination of effluents that are affected by the unbridled hu-man need for consumption has also increased. There are several methods available for the remov-al of organic products from liquid effluents and adsorption stands out as a great alternative for this purpose. Therefore, the carbonaceous residues from the coffee production chain are presented as potential materials for the production of low-cost adsorbents. In this context, this work aimed to study the adsorption of amoxicillin using coffee grounds as adsorbent. For this, the coffee grounds were treated, characterized, and the effects of pH, contact time and concentration of ad-sorbent were evaluated, as well as the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherm mod-els. The results showed that for pH = 7.0, agitation of 100 rpm and temperature of 27°C, it pre-sents a fast adsorption during the first 8 hours remaining constant and without variation, reaching the equilibrium point. Furthermore, through the non-linear adjustments to determine the Lang-muir, Redlich-Peterson and Freundlich isotherms, the results, were satisfactory and coherent. Fi-nally, the results indicated that the proposed adsorption processes present great potential for solv-ing the problem represented by the contamination of industrial effluents by amoxicillin and that the use of coffee grounds is an excellent adsorbent in this treatment.
DANIEL ARNÓBIO DANTAS DA SILVA KINETIC STUDY OF AÇAÍ SEED PYROLYSIS (Euterpe Oleracea Mart.): A first stage to obtain bio-oil. Fecha: 23-feb-2022 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The determination of the kinetic parameters of the reaction was carried out by applying the isoconversional methods of Friedman (FR), Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) to thermogravimetric data obtained in five different heating ratios (2, 5, 20, 50, 75 and 100 ºC.min-1) and N2 fluxes varying in 25, 50 and 75 mL.min-1. It was possible to verify that, in relation to the chemical composition of the studied biomass, it can be said that it has promising characteristics if it is directed to the production of bio-oil, such as low moisture content (9.30%), high content of volatile material (83.5%) and low amount of ash (1.75%). The study of the thermal decomposition of the açaí seed in an inert atmosphere showed three characteristic regions of mass loss defined as drying, fast pyrolysis and slow pyrolysis, where it was possible to observe, respectively, mass losses for such regions of 11.91 ± 0.2 %, 77.71 ± 1.97 % and 9.01 ± 1.40%. The analysis of the variation of activation energy as a function of the conversion in N2 flux of 50 mL.min-1, allowed to distinguish Eaα results for hemicellulose and cellulose in agreement with results reported in the literature. For the region of variation attributed to hemicellulose, the Eaα values were 177.00 ± 14.09 kJ.mol-1, 167.32 ± 14.02 kJ.mol-1 and 166.30 ± 14.60 kJ.mol-1, using the FR, FWO and KAS methods, respectively. For the variation zone attributed to the thermal decomposition of cellulose, the values obtained were 189.83 ± 6.67 kJ.mol-1, 184.79 ± 10,12 kJ.mol-1, and 184.29 ± 10.46 kJ.mol-1, using the FR, FWO and KAS methods, respectively. In addition, the study of the influence of the flow of N2 submitted to the sample indicated that the reactivity of the constituents is modified, being observed the reduction of the value of the apparent activation energy with the increase of the flow of N2 25 mL.min-1 to 75 mL.min-1, for all isoconversional methods applied. The results obtained showed that the açaí seed stands out as a promising biomass, where the kinetic parameters obtained are evidenced as important information for the advancement in the evaluation of the viability of the fast pyrolysis route to produce aviation biokerosene.

2021
Descripción
MARIA HELENA JUVITO DA COSTA BIOTECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIALS OF MICROALGAE CONSORTIUM CULTIVATED IN BIODIGESTOR EFFLUENT Fecha: 13-dic-2021 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms found in aquatic (fresh and marine) and terrestrial environments, known for their ability to synthesize a variety of bioactives that arouse interest in their exploration. The residues generated in agro-industrial processes have high levels of C, N, P and some toxic components that require a treatment step before their disposal in order to avoid compromising ecosystems. Microalgae have the ability to act as bioremediation agents for these residues, in addition the biomass generated at the end of the process can be destined for some biotechnological application. The present study sought to cultivate two types of consortia (C5 and C10): five (Monoraphidium littorale, Ankistrodesmus densus, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Pediastrum tetras and Scenedesmus quadricauda) and ten strains of microalgae (Monoraphidium littorale, Chlamydomonas sp, Ankistrodesmus densus, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Pediastrum tetras, Neochloris pseudoestigmata, Scenedesmus communis, Coelastrum microporum, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Pandorina cf morum) from LARBIM microalgae culture bank in synthetic (WC) and alternative: poultry biofertilizer (BA), swine biofertilizer ( BS) and poultry+swine biofertilizer (BSA) in three different dilutions (1%, 2% and 4%). The cultures were grown in triplicate under controlled conditions of light and temperature, with a photoperiod of 12 hours. Culture development was followed by in vivo fluorescence within 48 hours for a period of 15 days. CBA 4% was selected as the best medium for the development of the 713.3 mg/L (C10E) and 666.7 g/mL (C5E) consortia. The removal rates for the selected medium, the biochemical compositions of the biomass and the profile of fatty acid methyl esters were determined. Thermal stability was evaluated for the consortium of five strains (C5) in relation to strains grown in monocultures. C5E proved to be more efficient in removing ammonia (91.6%) and phosphorus (39.45%). Consortia in alternative medium had high protein contents (41.08 58.23 g/100g). For carbohydrates, the maximum values obtained were for C5E (16.35 ± 1.57 g/100g) and C5S (12.73 ± 0.86 g/100g). The fatty acid profiles showed high levels of α-linolenic acid in alternative media, while for oleic acid the predominance was for the consortia in synthetic media. The thermal curves showed three events showing that the bioactive compounds start the degradation process at a temperature higher than 185 °C. The results demonstrated the viability of the consortia to be cultivated in an alternative medium associated with the production of compounds in the obtained biomass.
MARIA RAYANNE LIMA DE MORAES Foam-mat drying of Epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) Fecha: 29-sep-2021 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Chenopodium ambrosioides L. popularly known in Brazil as mastruz or Santa Maria is a medicinal plant whose scientific investigations around the world attribute several pharmacological activities to it, highlighting the leaves for their traditional use in the form of teas. However, the shelf life of the leaves quickly deteriorates after harvest and one of the conservation alternatives is the production of powder by the foam mat drying method, a modest and low cost alternative. Thus, this work aimed to examine the drying process of mastiff leaves by the foam mat drying method, using Portogel® as a foaming agent. The methodology of complete factorial experimental planning of 2³ + 3 central points was used, seeking to verify the influences of the independent variables: emulsifier concentration (3, 5 and 7%), agitation time (3, 5 and 7 min) and drying air temperature (50, 60 and 70 °C) on the process in the dependent variable: drying time. The physical characterizations of the mastiff leaf foam were performed: density, expansion percentage, air incorporation capacity, foam stability, pH, titratable acidity and humidity. With the data from the drying kinetics it was possible to implement the adjustments to the non-linear mathematical models and with the powders obtained the water activity analysis was performed. For the statistical treatment it was verified that the temperature had a significant influence on the drying time for a 95% confidence level. Page's mathematical model was the one that achieved the best results and best fit for the drying kinetic curves, with correlation coefficients (R²) higher than 95 and standard error (SQ) lower than 0.21, indicating its efficiency. The results obtained in the characterization of the foam and the powder obtained are verified in the literature and support what was done in this work.
LUARA RIBEIRO VIANA USE OF SHELLFISH SHELL IN THE FORMULATION OF OIL DRILLING FLUIDS Fecha: 27-sep-2021 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen Additives impart special properties to drilling fluids. Choosing the right choice with the right properties has a profound impact on drilling success and overall well costs. Shellfish shells are waste products from shellfish consumption. These shells are rich in calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), an additive widely used in fluids as a filling agent. The objective of this work is to use shellfish shell powder (PCM) as an additive in microemulsified drilling fluids. A preliminary study was developed to obtain the best particle size range for the use of PCM and the best concentration of xanthan gum. The determination of two microemulsified systems was carried out in order to observe the behavior of PCM in different systems, the first system consists of a ternary mixture composed of pine oil, alkonat L 100 W surfactant and glycerin/water and the second system is formed by pequi oil, alkosynt 9160 surfactant and glycerin/water. Right after the preparation of the microemulsions, two points were chosen in each diagram, an oil-in-water (O/A) and a water-in-oil (A/O) point. Eight fluids were then prepared using microemulsions as a base and shellfish shell powder as a filling agent, fluids were prepared with calcium carbonate for comparison purposes. The properties of the fluids were evaluated through rheological, aging, filtrate volume, high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) rheology, thermal degradation, permeability, pH and density tests. The best concentration of xanthan gum was 0.5% and the particle size range of PCM used was 74 μm. O/A fluids performed better compared to A/O. For the fluid prepared with ME1 O/W, added with powder from shellfish shells, the specific mass was 1.09 g/cm 3 and an apparent viscosity of 67.75 cP, not far from the data presented by the fluid added with calcium carbonate. The fluid prepared with ME2 O/W and added with powder from shellfish shells had a specific mass of 1.13 g/cm 3 and an apparent viscosity of 68.5 cP, compared to the fluid formulated with calcium carbonate, not has large discrepancies. The fluids formulated with PCM and CaCO 3 showed very similar behavior, making the use of PCM a viable alternative to act as a filling agent for microemulsified drilling fluids. Generating use of solid waste, adding value to this waste and creating new sources of income for residents of communities that work with seafood.
RAPHAEL RIBEIRO DA SILVA Reactive formation inhibiting microemulsion applied to oil and gas wellbore drilling fluids Fecha: 04-ago-2021 Hora: 16:00 Mostrar Resumen The increasing production of hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs, particularly water-sensitive formations, has led to the emergence of technologies necessary to maintain wellbore stability. The drilling fluid must always be adequate to the needs presented by such formations since serious problems may be generated due to inadequate fluid planning. Microemulsions appear in this scenario with advantages over the traditional fluids already used by the industry due to their thermodynamic stability and ease of preparation, in addition to being environmentally acceptable. This work aimed to evaluate the inhibition capacity of microemulsion-based drilling fluids added with potassium salts. Initially, two samples of shales from sedimentary basins in Northeastern Brazil were characterized using FRX, DRX, TGA, and DTA tests. Then, four drilling fluid systems were prepared, whose formulations were based on a 2³ factorial design, with a rejoinder at the central point, totaling eleven fluids in each set (with duplicates). The microemulsions were formulated from a ternary phase diagram, in which a water/glycerin solution (1:1 by mass) was used as the aqueous phase, pine vegetable oil as the oil phase, and two nonionic surfactants, Ultranex NP100 and Alkest Tween 80, were used separately in the formulated systems. Potassium citrate (INIB1) and potassium sulfate (INIB2) were also used to inhibit the swelling of reactive formations. In order to evaluate the behavior of drilling fluids, rheology tests, pH, filtrate volume, filter cake thickness, and permeability were considered. Statistical analyzes were performed in order to visualize the influence of the factors surfactant concentration (%) (A), oil phase concentration (%) (B) and swelling inhibitor concentration (g) (C), as well as their interactions (AB, AC, BC, and ABC) on the systems. A multiobjective optimization using Genetic Algorithms (GA) was performed for the four scenarios. Finally, drilling fluid systems were tested for shale inhibition and dispersion capabilities. In addition to systems composed of INIB1 and INIB2, potassium chloride (KCl) (INIB3) was also evaluated, as well as a system without swelling inhibitor (SI). It was observed that the shale samples presented clay minerals from the smectite group, which represent a more significant interaction with water for swelling of hydratable formations. Drilling fluids showed rheological behavior following the Herschel-Bulkley model. It was observed that there is a variability of interactions in the fluids concerning the concentrations of surfactant, oil phase, and swelling inhibitor, with more significant responses associated with increased concentration of the surfactant in the microemulsion. The drilling fluids analyzed showed a significant swelling inhibition, especially the fluid formulated from the surfactant Ultranex NP100 and INIB2, with a 6.9% swelling variation. Excellent results concerning dispersibility were also achieved, with the NP100_INIB1 fluid being the lowest dispersion of cuttings (0.075% and 0.215%). In general, it was observed that microemulsion-based drilling fluids were efficient in inhibiting swelling, showing good rheological and filtration behavior.
TALITA ARAÚJO DIAS WATER QUALITY EVALUATION OF THE PIANCÓ RIVER STRETCH IN THE PIANCÓ- PIRANHAS AÇU HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN Fecha: 30-jul-2021 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The State of Paraíba has about 90% of its territory in the semi-arid region of the Northeast and it is in this context that the Piancó Piranhas-Açu River Basin is inserted. The Piancó River Basin, the object of study of this work, has a storage capacity of 1,846,126,108 m3 where the largest water reserve is located, formed by two interconnected reservoirs: the Coremas - Mãe D'Água System, with a storage capacity of 1.358 billion m3 . The present work aimed to establish physical-chemical parameters and evaluate the influence of the Coremas - Mãe D'Água Reservoir on the water quality of the Piancó River. The collections were performed in 2 fixed stations PC01 and PC02 in the period from 2011 to 2020. To analyze the natural characteristics, identify possible sources of pollution parameters such as Temperature, pH, Color, Turbidity, TDS, DO, BOD and thermotolerant coliforms that represent the physical, chemical and biological aspects of the water were analyzed. For the Coremas-Mãe d'água dams, besides these parameters, the Water Quality Index was also determined. The results were evaluated according to the respective limits for class 2 water bodies defined by CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005. From the results it was found that most of the parameters are in accordance with the CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. However, the values found for Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen and Thermotolerant Coliforms are indicative of pollutant load released into the watercourse. The water quality index of Mãe d'água - Coremas reservoirs was classified as good, excellent and acceptable. Thus, it is concluded that these dams do not influence negatively the water quality of the Piancó River. Thus, the quality of the water along the Piancó river basin is entirely linked to urban growth and the lack of basic sanitation in its surroundings.
PAULO ROMERO DE ARAÚJO MARIZ Reactive Distillation Column in Ethyl Acetate Production Fecha: 30-jul-2021 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen The present work deals with development of software for prediction of vapor- liquid equilibrium, residual curves maps and conceptual design of reactive distillation column that is used in the production of ethyl acetate (EtOAc), which one has the ethanol (EtOH) and acetic acid (AcOH) esterification reaction as main route. Reactive distillation is used since it is a process intensification technology associated with sustainability, safety, energy efficiency and environment of the chemical industries indicators. Full analysis of the equilibrium and residual curve maps is done for understanding the vapor liquid phases non-ideality from MATLAB programming version 2021a, and optimization of the column in Aspen One version 12.1 of AspenTech Inc from steady state simulation. What is shown in this system is the incidence of homogeneous azeotropes of binary mixtures: EtOH-H2O at 351.3 K; EtOAc-EtOH at 344.92 K; and a ternary one: H2O-EtOAc-EtOH at 343.4 K. Heterogeneous azeotrope is produced by EtOAc-H2¬O at 344.54 K. The residual curve maps in the ternary diagram present three different regions for the H2O-EtOAc-EtOH mixture which makes extractive distillation impossible. Due to small difference of boiling temperature between the azeotropes EtOAc-EtOH, H2O-EtOAc-EtOH and EtOAc-H2¬O the pressure swing technique is unsuccessful.
AISLA RAYANNY BARBOSA DO NASCIMENTO SEPARATION OF CAROTENOIDS PRODUCED BY Rhodothorula glutinis USING MANIPUEIRA AS SUBSTRATE Fecha: 30-jul-2021 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen In recent years, there has been a growing consumer interest in carotenoids, mainly of sustainable origin, with applications in the food, cosmetics, nutritional supplements and pharmaceutical industries. For example, Rhodotorula, a yeast capable of synthesizing numerous valuable compounds with wide industrial use, its biomass constitutes sources of microbiological oils and the entire set of fatty acids, in addition to being capable of synthesizing several metabolites such as lipids, carotenoids and enzymes, which considerably increases the economic profitability of biotechnological processes. Although there are several studies on yeast-targeted extraction methods, the extraction depends on the strength of cell coatings, solvent polarity and the nature of the targeted carotenoids. Therefore, this work evaluates different methods of extraction of carotenoids from solid state fermentation with Rhodotorula Glutinis in manipueira, where total carotenoids were extracted from wet biomass using three different types of solvents (acetone, petroleum ether and hexane) and four types of vegetable oil (soy, corn, coconut and cotton oil). The extraction efficiency of the methods was evaluated by the contents of pigments and profiles present in the extracts read in a spectrophotometer. The choice of the carotenoid extraction method is fundamental, due to the presence of several carotenoids with varying levels of polarity, and the presence of several physical and chemical barriers.
ELDER MIGUEL ESPERIDIÃO SILVA BORGES COCOA (Theobroma cacao L.) AS A POTENTIALLY PROBIOTIC SUBSTRATE IN THE PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONAL DRINKS Fecha: 30-jul-2021 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), a fruit of the cocoa tree, is the main ingredient present in the composition of chocolate. However, for its production, the seeds are the only part used, making the pulp of this fruit an agro-industrial residue. Basically, this species can be categorized into three varieties, Forastero, Criollo and Trinitário, each one being responsible for unique characteristics that end up influencing the final product after processing. Many studies have obtained products from this pulp, such as jellies, fine drinks and even ice cream. Based on these applications of cocoa pulp, this study aimed to carry out the physicochemical characterization of cocoa pulp and to evaluate its potential for the production of potentially probiotic beverages. Initially, the characterization of the pulp was carried out through the analysis of pH, titratable acidity (ATT), soluble solids content (SST), reducing sugars (AR) and total reducing sugars (ART). During the analysis, it could be noticed that, with the exception of the soluble solids content, all parameters were within the established by current legislation and in accordance with the data obtained from the literature review. This divergence in the soluble solids content may have happened due to the negligence of the cocoa pulp brand, which, when processing, ends up generating a diluted product. After the literature review and the analysis of the obtained data, it was possible to verify that the cocoa pulp has enormous potential to be applied in processes intended to obtain potentially probiotic beverages. This characteristic is based on the data obtained through the characterization. The soluble solids content and the concentration of sugars have the greatest impact on the process of obtaining this drink, considering that they are the most consumed components during the process.
RAFAEL BATISTA DE AQUINO Removal of CO2 in bentonite clays and synthetized zsm-5 zeolites, modified with amine. Fecha: 29-jul-2021 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen The increase in greenhouse gas emissions has caused irreparable damage to the environment. Global agreements were and are being signed to try to limit the emission of these gases and, consequently, the increase in the global average temperature. Among the main causes of global warming are the large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), coming mainly from thermoelectric plants, extraction of gases from the pre-salt layer, among other sectors of the industry. Currently, the main method for CO2 capture has been chemical absorption with liquid amines, but this method has caused severe inconveniences for the industry. Hence, the method of adsorption on porous materials or the use of these as a support for the impregnation of liquid amines that will serve to remove CO2 is highlighted. Bentonite clays and ZSM-5 zeolites showed promising results in CO2 adsorption tests developed in the laboratory. Characterizations in DRX and FTIR confirmed the synthesis and modifications of these materials. Thermal analysis showed thermal stability and the impregnations performed. Texture properties of these materials are also discussed in the work
RIANN DE QUEIROZ NOBREGA SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FROM COCOA RESIDUE FOR FURFURAL REMOVAL Fecha: 29-jul-2021 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen In view of the environmental problems caused by fossil fuels, along with the large disposal of agroindustrial residues, technologies have been developed for the generation of bioproducts (ethanol, xylose and arabinose) with high added value. Such generation is carried out through the reuse of lignocellulosic materials, since these present significant amounts of sugars used later in the fermentation process. Acid hydrolysis is a chemical pretreatment aimed to reduce crystallinity by breaking the lignocellulosic matrix, allowing the fermentable monomers to be accessible to biological attack. Under severe operating conditions, hydrolysis with dilute acid can generate compounds undesirable to the fermentation process, such as furfural. To reduce the inhibitory effect of furfural in the pre-hydrolyzed pineapple crown liquor, activated charcoal was produced from the cocoa residue carbonization process. Initially, the cocoa residue underwent a chemical treatment process with 85% phosphoric acid at a 1:2 ratio (biomass/acid) for two hours at 80 °C. Subsequently, the chemically treated residue underwent a carbonization process and physical activation with water vapor. The chemical changes suffered by the material were determined by surface area analysis (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pH at zero charge point (pHPCz). The surface area found was 577.8 m2.g-1 and the pHPCZ = 5.0 was acidic. The thermogravimetric analysis showed four stages of significant mass loss corresponding to water vaporization, decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and the appearance of ash. The adsorption studies showed a maximum furfural removal capacity at a rate of 200 rpm and an optimal adsorbent mass to solution volume ratio of 12 g.L-1. The adsorbent-adsorbate equilibrium time was reached in 300 min and the pseudo-first model was the best represented, having an R2 of 0.987. Three pretreatment conditions with sulfuric acid on the pineapple crown were used, varying the time (30, 60 and 90 min), temperature (105, 115 and 125 ⁰C) and reagent concentration (1, 2 and 3%). They were established from an experimental 23 factorial design with three repetitions at the central point. With the best conditions (90 min, 125 °C, 1%), the hydrolysis of the pineapple crown showed a high production of fermentable sugars (21.28 g.L-1) and acceptable concentration of inhibitors, generating a suitable liquor for fermentation.
CAROLINA ZANINI OLIVEIRA Production of biosurfactants by Bacillus in a medium with sugarcane juice Fecha: 28-jul-2021 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Biosurfactants are molecules with a structure similar to chemically obtained surfactants, having the ability to mix phases of different polarities forming molecular aggregates or micelles and are also suitable for various industrial applications. The limitation of industrial production and large-scale commercialization of biosurfactants is due to the high cost of the substrates used for their production, which can reach up to 30% of the total cost. Thus, the search for a cost reduction strategy becomes essential to make production less expensive. The present work aims to produce a biosurfactant in media containing substrates of regional origin as inducers, using strains of Bacillus subtilis UFPEDA 16, B. subtilis UFPEDA 86 and B. pumilus and, subsequently, evaluate the compounds obtained for their stability and viability of use. Initially, tests were carried out to select the media containing sugarcane juice and avocado oil and sugarcane juice and residual oil. The cultures were tested using the three Bacillus strains and analyzed for the index of emulsification in vegetable oil every 24 h, for a total of 96 h of fermentation. The three strains produced good emulsifiers, with emphasis on B. pumilus, which showed the ability to emulsify up to 66.19 ± 0.67% in 48 h the media with avocado oil and residual oil. After the selection step, the kinetic assay of the strains that showed the best results was performed. In the growth kinetics, it was observed that the addition of avocado oil favored the growth of both Bacillus strains when compared to the medium containing only sugarcane juice as a carbon source. In the analysis of the biosurfactant production, the medium containing avocado oil favored its production, being possible to reach percentages of emulsification of 51.09 ± 4.24% for the B. pumilus strain and 49.98 ± 2.10% for the strain B. subtilis UFPEDA 16, both within 24 h of fermentation. For the strain results, the highest reduction percentages were obtained in the media without the use of oil with 29.21%, in 24 h, for B. subtilis UFPEDA 16 and 28.89%, in 12 h, for B. pumilus. The cutting system (semi-continuous production) in the production of biosurfactants was used aiming at a possible increase to industrial scale. The experiments were carried out in three different percentages of cuts (40, 60 and 80%) and evaluated for the capacity of bioproduct formation during the fermentation process. The highest amount of bioproduct obtained was 5.76 ± 0.56 g/L, in 48 h and at 40% cut. The highest percentage of emulsification obtained was 52.70 ± 4.50% in the first cut of 60%. In the other cuts, values of 49.22 ± 2.91% and 45.28 ± 1.39% were observed in the samples of 40% and 60%, respectively, in the period of 48 h. In the stability tests, the trials carried out with cottonseed oil indicated good tolerance to the pH range from 2 to 10, different percentages of NaCl, high temperatures and the ability to maintain stable emulsions over a period of 96 h. All results obtained in the proposed means were considered satisfactory for possible application in various industrial sectors.
AMANDA LETICIA DE CARVALHO CARDOSO SIMÕES Production of amylases by solid state cultivation and enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava residues Fecha: 26-jul-2021 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Brazil generates a large amount of waste from agricultural activities. These residues are considered excellent sources of energy to be used in various bioprocesses, being able to generate products and contributing to avoid problems of environmental degradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of amylases by the fungi Penicillium sp. FSDE15 and Aspergillus sp. FSDE16 by solid state cultivation and enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava residues using the enzyme extract produced. Production kinetics by Penicillium sp. FSDE15 was evaluated with the cultivation of malt bagasse, varying the proportion of inducing sources, cassava peel and crude, in 0%, 10% and 20%, for 7 days at room temperature. To verify the influence of different nitrogen sources in the culture medium, experiments were carried out based on a factorial design of 24 evaluating the influence of the concentration of ammonium sulfate, yeast extract, potassium phosphate and cassava peel, from Penicillium sp. FSDE15 grown for 4 days. Then, the replacement of a solution containing nitrogen sources by distilled water to moisten the medium was also evaluated. Penicillium sp. FSDE15 and Aspergillus sp. FSDE16 in medium containing 70% wheat bran and 30% cassava peel for 5 days at 36 ° C. All the fermented obtained was dried at 60 ° C for 24h and after the enzymatic extraction was carried out. The characterization of amylase enzymes was performed. The best result for inducing sources was for cultivation containing 80% bagasse and 20% bark, with amylase activity of 3.97 U / g. The factorial design study indicated that the model was statistically significant with Test F of 5.888, but the adjustment was low with R2 of 0.589. The cultivation performed with distilled water showed an enzyme activity value of 13.62 U / g in 96h of cultivation. For experiments carried out with the two fungi Penicillium sp. FSDE15 and Aspergillus sp. FSDE16, in wheat and husk bran, in 120h of cultivation, the activity values of amylases were 20.30 U / g and 44.60 U / g, respectively. The optimum conditions for the amylases produced by Penicillium sp. FSDE15 were an optimum pH of 6.0 and an optimum temperature of 60° C. As for the enzymes produced by Aspergillus sp. FSDE16 the optimum pH was 5.0 and an optimum temperature of 50°C. For the enzymatic hydrolysis using cassava peel the best result for ART concentration obtained was 16.22 g/L in 24h, while for the hydrolysis carried out using crude the best ART concentration value obtained was 18.12 g/L in 24h of process.
MARIANA FORTINI MOREIRA Drying of Juazeiros bark by foam-mat drying Fecha: 28-jun-2021 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro) is a plant belonging to the family of Rhamnaceae, characteristic of the semi-arid region of the Northeast, being the most notable representative of the Caatinga. It is known by several names such as jua, joazeiro, juazeiro. Its barks have several applications, due to its saponaceous properties, it can replace soap in places where the water is brackish and heavy. It is also used in folk medicine, the tea from its zest and leaves being used for medicinal purposes. Like all plants, it is very perishable, and one of the ways to make its conservation viable is drying; which deals with a process in which heat is supplied to a certain material in order to evaporate the moisture content existing inside or on the surface of the material. Within the various methods, there is foam-mat drying. The objective of this work is to obtain the powder of the zest of the juazeiro's bark by drying in a foam layer (foam-mat drying). The juice and foam were characterized through: density, total soluble solids content, hydrogen potential, density, stability, humidity and air incorporation. The drying kinetics were carried out based on a complete factorial design of 23 + 3 central points, where the input variables stirring time, concentration of bark chips in the foam and drying temperature were analyzed. The characterization of the final product was carried out by determining: water solubility, hydrogen potential, total soluble solids content, ash content, water activity, and theoretical yield. The determination of saponins by the NMR spectroscopy method was carried out, however, no characteristic signs of saponins were found, using the drying method in the zest of juazeiro's bark, showed good results.
FELIPE AUGUSTO SANTOS Production of cellulases by Penicillium sp. FSDE15 and enzymatic hydrolysis of corncob Fecha: 27-may-2021 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen In view of the world scenario, where more and more waste is generated by the various sectors of industry and agriculture, special attention has been given to the reuse of these materials, such as straw and corncob and wheat bran. One of the alternatives is the production of high added value products, such as enzymes, using these residues as substrates. Among the various enzymes, cellulases (CMCases, FPases and B-glucosidases) stand out, capable of converting part of the lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars, these can be converted into cellulosic or second generation ethanol. Therefore, this study aimed to produce cellulases enzymes, using the filamentous fungus Penicillium sp. FSDE15, to carry out the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated corncob aiming at the release of fermentable sugars for the production of second generation ethanol. Initially, the corncob pretreatment was carried out. Three pretreatment conditions were used, varying the time (10, 40 and 70 min), temperature (40, 70 and 100 ⁰C) and reagent concentration (1, 2 and 3%). They were established from an experimental factorial design of 23 with three repetitions at the central point for sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, and an experimental factorial design of 22 with three repetitions at the central point for hydrothermal pretreatment. Through fermentative tests (60% humidity, room temperature and spore concentration of 106 spores/mL), it was possible to obtain a maximum production of CMCase and FPase of 21.11 U/g and 1.29 U/g, respectively, in 216 h of fermentation, for cultivation carried out with wheat bran and corncob in the proportion of 50%. B-glucosidase activity peaked at 8.72 U/g in 216 h for cultivation using pure wheat bran. In the results of enzymatic hydrolysis of the corncob pretreated with H2SO4, a reducing sugar (AR) concentration of 23.07 g/L of glucose was reached for hydrolysis with the enzymatic extract of Penicillium sp. FSDE15 and 47.62 g/L for hydrolysis using the commercial enzyme Celluclast®. For the NaOH pretreated corncob, it was possible to obtain concentrations of 45.55 and 74.12 g/L of glucose, for hydrolysis using the enzymatic extract and commercial cellulase, respectively. For the corncob hydrothermally pretreated, 25.77 g/L of glucose was obtained for hydrolysis with Penicillium extract and 21.34 g/L for the Celluclast® enzyme. All the best values of reducing sugars were achieved in 48 h of hydrolysis. These results demonstrate that the hydrothermally pretreated corncob, combined with the enzymatic extract produced by Penicillium sp. FSDE15, has great potential for the production of second generation ethanol.
JULIANA BARRETO PEREIRA DE SOUZA Foam-mat drying of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis l.) leaves Fecha: 29-mar-2021 Hora: 16:30 Mostrar Resumen Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), of the Benenden Blue variety, native to the Mediterranean region, has adapted in Brazil and today can be found in several parts. It is extremely widespread in gastronomy and cosmetology studies, because of aromatic and therapeutic properties. However, like any plant, rosemary can also deteriorate quickly and one of the ways to make the conservation possible is to use foam mat drying to removes the water after the transformation of the raw material into a stable foam, increasing the useful life and inhibiting microbial growth. Thus, the main purpose of this work was to obtain the rosemary powder through foam mat drying.The foam was form by juá (Ziziphus joazeiro Mart), natural foaming agent. The study followed the complete factorial experimental design of 2³ + 3 central points, 11 experiments, the independent variables being: concentration of foaming agent (4, 6, 8%), mix time (3, 5 and 7 minutes) and temperature drying time (50, 60 and 70 ° C) to verify its influence on drying time and final dry base moisture. The physical-chemical characterizations of the powder (yield, solubility, total soluble solids, total titratable acid, pH, cytotoxicity and ashes) were compared to studies found in the literature on other types of dry leaves by the foam mat drying process and it was verified some disagreements As a result, it is concluded that the rosemary powder has low water solubility, with a better result of 22.06% ± 0.01, and total soluble solids value between 16.3 ± 0 , 9 º BRIX and 20.7 ± 0.5 º BRIX, which correlates to the sugar content. The pH remained constant in all experiments. The cytotoxicological study carried out pointed out the non-toxicity of rosemary powder with juá below 500 ppm. The influence of the addition of the foaming agent was analyzed through the lyophilized powder for the analysis of total soluble solids, pH and total titratable acidity, whose comparison with the values of the 11 experiments did not present significant changes. The best conditions found for large-scale manufacturing was maximum (8%, 7 min, 70 ° C), as it presented the lowest water activity (aw), high yield, low moisture content and highest acid, determining factors for minimize microbiological proliferation and increase shelf life.
MARILIA JUSTINO DE LIMA DEVELOPMENT OF THE EPT-LK APPLICATION FOR ESTIMATES OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES VIA LEE-KESLER EQUATION Fecha: 29-mar-2021 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The Lee-Kesler Equation of State is widely used in the prediction of volumetric, residual and thermodynamic properties of pure substances and mixtures generally used in fluid processing of petrochemical and natural gas industries. The Lee-Kesler formulation uses two fluids (simple fluid and reference fluid) and the Taylor Series´s expansion around the properties of the simple fluid (spherical) truncated in linear terms and with geometric correction estimated by finite differences of the two fluids. The compressibility factors of simple and reference fluids are predicted through modifications of the BWR equation of state (Benedict-Webb-Rubin).Since this is a transcendental equation, calculations require the use of numerical methods to solve nonlinear equations. From the volumetric properties, the residual and thermodynamic properties are determined. Given the importance of this equation in Chemical Engineering, it was proposed to develop an app in Fortran 90 programming language for Windows capable of providing reliable property predictions, with only truncation and conversion errors (rounding). The app proposed was divided into eight modules: 1) vapor pressure; 2) acentric factor; 3) functions of simple fluid, reference fluid and geometric correction; 4) compressibility factor curves (intermolecular forces´s nature and intensity) as a function of pressure; 5) volumetric and residual properties of pure substances; 6) volumetric and residual properties of mixtures; 7) thermodynamic properties between two states and 8) fugacity of species i in the mixture. In addition, a database was created containing the physical properties of pure species (hydrocarbons, organic and inorganic compounds). The final app contains 68 forms (UserForm) and 81 subprograms. Validations of the app modules were conducted after the construction stage, comparing, under the same conditions, the results provided by the app with those reported in world literature. From the validations made, it was observed that the Fortran 90 subprograms were coded quite efficiently, providing reliable results with only numerical computation errors (truncation and conversion-rounding) from the volumetric, residual and thermodynamic properties. The research´s final result is a friendly interface app which is easy to use and manipulate throughout the various modules. The acquisition cost is symbolic and can be used by undergraduate and/or graduate students, as well as professionals in the chemical and petrochemical industry.
PALOMA BENEDITA DA SILVA DRYING THE LEAF OF BLACK AMOREIRA (Morus nigra L.) BY THE FOAM LAYER METHOD (foam mat drying) Fecha: 25-feb-2021 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Morus nigra L., popularly known as black mulberry, it is a plant with medicinal properties, whose parts, among them their leaves, objects of study for various types of diseases such as diabetes, for colic and climacteric symptoms, and others. However, because the leaf is in natura, its humidity is quite high, which is not desirable for being a favorable environment for the proliferation of microorganisms. Foam drying is a way to make this storage possible and still maintain its preserved properties. Therefore, the objective of this work was to obtain the black mulberry leaf powder by drying in a foam layer using Portogel® as a foaming agent. Preliminary tests were carried out for the foam such as stability, density, and expandability. The factorial design methodology of 23 + 3 central points was used, totaling 11 experiments, having as independent variables, the concentration of foamy (3%, 5% and 7%), stirring time (3 min, 5 min and 7 min), and temperature (50 ° C, 60 ° C and 70 ° C) and their influence, on variables dependent on final drying time and final humidity, was evaluated. With data obtained in the kinetics it was possible to obtain curves and drying rates, in addition to mathematical adjustments using models described in the literature. Analyzes of the powders obtained were performed as a theoretical yield of approximately 8%, a water activity that had a value below 0.320, an ash content of 12.90%, a solubility in water of 57.39%, a content of lipids of 12.85%, a slightly acidic pH ranging from 6.1 to 6.9, a total soluble solids content of 38 ° Brix, a titratable total acidity content from 0.6 to 1.2 g citric acid / 100g, a protein content of 21.75% and carbohydrates of 60.50%, a moisture content of 4.90 (bs), an ascorbic acid content in the range of 0.77 to 1.2 g of ascorbic acid / 100g, chlorophyll and reducing sugar. With the results obtained it was possible to see that the temperature variable was the one that most influenced the final drying time and through the parameters used the foam layer drying method proved to be a viable process for this work, and the best experiment was the 7 that in addition to using the lowest concentration of foamy, it also presented excellent results.

2020
Descripción
ANNA CAROLINE FEITOSA LIMA DRYING IN THE FOAM LAYER (FOAM-MAT DRYING) OF THE NONI LEAF (Morinda citrifolia L.) Fecha: 13-nov-2020 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The species Morinda citrifolia L., from the Rubiaceae family, popularly known as noni, although widely consumed in Asia for more than 2000 years, is still little known in Brazil. It is characterized by being a small tree of the Rubiaceas family, belonging to the fourth largest family of angiosperms, originally from Southwest Asia. Phytochemical studies show that noni leaves contain a variety of chemical components, including terpenoids, phytosterols, fatty acids, glycosidic iridoids, glycoside flavonoids, among others. Glycoside flavonoids seem to predominate in noni leaves, which is related to antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, anthelmintic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive and immunostimulant activities. Drying is a way to increase the shelf life of products, since by reducing water activity, the risk of proliferation of microorganisms is reduced. And among the types of drying, there is the drying in foam layer, which among the several benefits is the low cost. The objective of this research was to evaluate the drying in the foam layer of the noni leaf to obtain its powder form. The foaming agent used was Portogel®, previously defined in preliminary tests. The foam obtained was physically characterized for stability, density and over run at the maximum, minimum and central points of the experimental design. The drying was carried out according to the complete factorial design of 2³ + 3 central points, with independent variables: concentration of foaming agent (3, 4 and 5%), stirring time (3, 4 and 5 minutes) and temperature drying (50, 60 and 70 ° C). The influence of these variables on response variables was evaluated: drying time and final dry base moisture. The drying rate and drying rate curves were made with the kinetics data, which presented typical behavior characterized by a long constant period followed by a short period of decreasing rate. It was also observed that with the increase in the drying temperature there was a reduction in the drying time. The highest drying rates were shown in the experiments at 70 ° C and the lowest rates at 50 ° C. The powder obtained in the eleven experiments showed average humidity values of approximately 5.07% (b.u.) And water activity of 0.288, which favors the conservation and commercialization within the standards required by the legislation. The other physico-chemical characterizations of the powder (yield, solubility, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, pH, lipid content, ascorbic acid content and ash) presented values close to those found in the literature for other types of powdered leaves as well as for the powdered noni fruit. The influence of the addition of the foaming agent was analyzed through the lyophilized powder for the analysis of total soluble solids, pH and total titratable acidity, whose comparison with the values of the eleven experiments did not show significant changes.
WILLIANE SILVA PINHEIRO Drying of Yeast Biomass (Rhodotorula glutinis) in foam-mat drying Fecha: 07-oct-2020 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Yeasts, especially the genus Rhodotorula, have the capacity to produce considerable amounts of compounds with high added value, such as carotenoid pigments and lipids, in addition to being considered a source of proteins in human and animal nutrition, but for commercialization it is convenient to apply conservation method. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the drying in foam layer (foam-mat drying) of the biomass of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis to obtain the powder. The yeast was grown in a bioreactor, amid sugarcane molasses, supplemented with nutrients. The drying was carried out according to the complete factorial design of 2³ + 3 central points, with independent variables: concentration of foaming agent (10, 15 and 20%), stirring time (4, 5 and 6 minutes) and temperature drying (50, 60 and 70 ° C), the influence of these independent variables on the dependent variables (response) of the process (drying time and equilibrium humidity) and on the characterization of the obtained powder was evaluated. The physical characterization of the foam was also evaluated: stability; density; incorporation of air and expansion in the minimum, maximum and central points of the experimental planning. The production of biomass from Rhodotorula glutinis (CTT 2182) was satisfactory, with an average yield of 60 g per batch. The sparkling agent juá was chosen after preliminary tests. In the physical characterization of the foam, the independent variable agitation time, at the upper level of the experimental design, was responsible for the best results for density, volumetric expansion and air incorporation. The foam stability was favored by the increase in the concentration of the sparkling wine. In drying, temperature was the only statistically significant variable at the 95% confidence level. With inversely proportional influence, so that the higher the temperature, the shorter the drying time. For the adjustment of the drying curves, the models that best described the drying phenomenon were Logarithm and Page, with a standard error of the estimate below 0.28%. In the physico-chemical characterizations of the biomass powder of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis, an average theoretical yield was obtained for the experiments of the central point of 22.36%, an average ascorbic acid content of 41.36 mg / 100 g of powder and solubility greater than 20% in all conditions studied. In the analysis of water activity, all experiments obtained values above 0.6, thus ensuring the viability of the product produced. The drying process in the foam layer of the Rhodotorula glutinis yeast biomass proved to be feasible, with the best temperature conditions being 70ºC, concentration of the sparkling wine 20 (%) and stirring time of 4 minutes, which showed less drying time and moisture end of the product.
WILLIANE SILVA PINHEIRO Drying of Yeast Biomass (Rhodotorula glutinis) in foam-mat drying Fecha: 07-oct-2020 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Yeasts, especially the genus Rhodotorula, have the capacity to produce considerable amounts of compounds with high added value, such as carotenoid pigments and lipids, in addition to being considered a source of proteins in human and animal nutrition, but for commercialization it is convenient to apply conservation method. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the drying in foam layer (foam-mat drying) of the biomass of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis to obtain the powder. The yeast was grown in a bioreactor, amid sugarcane molasses, supplemented with nutrients. The drying was carried out according to the complete factorial design of 2³ + 3 central points, with independent variables: concentration of foaming agent (10, 15 and 20%), stirring time (4, 5 and 6 minutes) and temperature drying (50, 60 and 70 ° C), the influence of these independent variables on the dependent variables (response) of the process (drying time and equilibrium humidity) and on the characterization of the obtained powder was evaluated. The physical characterization of the foam was also evaluated: stability; density; incorporation of air and expansion in the minimum, maximum and central points of the experimental planning. The production of biomass from Rhodotorula glutinis (CTT 2182) was satisfactory, with an average yield of 60 g per batch. The sparkling agent juá was chosen after preliminary tests. In the physical characterization of the foam, the independent variable agitation time, at the upper level of the experimental design, was responsible for the best results for density, volumetric expansion and air incorporation. The foam stability was favored by the increase in the concentration of the sparkling wine. In drying, temperature was the only statistically significant variable at the 95% confidence level. With inversely proportional influence, so that the higher the temperature, the shorter the drying time. For the adjustment of the drying curves, the models that best described the drying phenomenon were Logarithm and Page, with a standard error of the estimate below 0.28%. In the physico-chemical characterizations of the biomass powder of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis, an average theoretical yield was obtained for the experiments of the central point of 22.36%, an average ascorbic acid content of 41.36 mg / 100 g of powder and solubility greater than 20% in all conditions studied. In the analysis of water activity, all experiments obtained values above 0.6, thus ensuring the viability of the product produced. The drying process in the foam layer of the Rhodotorula glutinis yeast biomass proved to be feasible, with the best temperature conditions being 70ºC, concentration of the sparkling wine 20 (%) and stirring time of 4 minutes, which showed less drying time and moisture end of the product.
POLLYANNA CRISTINA GOMES E SILVA Drying the guajiru leaf (Chrysobalanus icaco L.) By the foam lay method (foam-mat drying) Fecha: 31-ago-2020 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The Chrysobalanus icaco L. popularly called in Brazil by guajiru, abajerú, guajuru, among others, is a plant that has been used in traditional medicine for some years. The plant uses its different parts, from the leaves, as well as the fruit and its peel. The use of leaves is traditional in some regions of Brazil and Mexico due to its use in the form of teas. Once the leaves are collected, their useful life is short. In this way, the foam-mat drying method can be used in order to improve their conservation. Therefore, this work aimed to produce the powder of the guajiru leaf by the method of drying in a foam layer. A complete factorial experimental design 2³ + 3 central points was elaborated in order to analyze the influences of the independent variables: emulsifier concentration (3, 4 and 5%), drying temperature (50, 60 and 70 ºC) and drying time. agitation (3, 5 and 7 min) with dependent variable drying time during the process and in the characterization of the obtained powder, by means of statistical analysis. The physical and physical-chemical characterizations of the formed foam were carried out: capacity to incorporate air (over run), percentage of expansion, density, stability and humidity on a wet basis. Through the kinetics data, drying curves and curves for drying rates were presented. The results showed a typical drying curve in two periods, a long period of constant rate followed by a short period of decreasing rate. It was also found that as the drying temperature increased, there was a reduction in drying time. The variable that most influenced the drying process was temperature. A shorter drying time of 40 minutes and a maximum time of 140 minutes were observed. It was found that the highest drying rates were presented in the experiments at 70 ° C, while the lowest rates were at 50 ° C. The mathematical models that best fit the kinetics data were those of Modified Page and Page for all temperatures (50, 60 and 70 ° C). The powder samples showed water activity on average of 0.290 within the parameters required by law. In the 11 tests, the powder produced showed an average pH of 5.49. For physical-chemical characteristics (macronutrients) the powder of the guajiru leaf showed an ash content with an average of 7.20%. and presented high values of bioactive compounds. Foam layer drying is considered an effective technique for obtaining the powder from the guajiru leaf as it is able to preserve the properties present in the leaf.
AMANDA SILVA DO CARMO EFFECT OF THE HEAT TREATMENT AND ADDITION OF PROBIOTIC CULTURE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BRIE CHEESE Fecha: 14-ago-2020 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Cheeses considered to be special have shown potential growth in the country in terms of production and consumption, such as brie cheese. The characteristics of this product are given by the external growth of the white mold Penicillium candidum which matures the cheese from the outside through a complex biochemical phenomenon. Aiming to obtain a product with technological and functional characteristics, the present study aimed to prepare brie cheese with the addition of initial culture Lactococcus lactis, secondary culture Penicillium candidum and probiotic culture Lactobacillus acidophilus using raw bovine milk and pasteurized bovine milk with maturation of thirty days at 10 oC. Physical-chemical, microbiological characterizations, analysis of visual aspects and electrophoretic profile were performed. It was observed that samples with heat treatment showed biochemical transformations different from fresh milk, reflecting on the texture, moisture and protein profile of the products. In the physical-chemical characterization it was observed that the cheeses presented humidity values much lower than what is recommended by the legislation for this type of cheese, presenting values of 24.37g /100g to 35.47 g/ 100 g, during maturation was accompanied by the loss of moisture suffered by weighing on different days, where a more significant loss was detected between days 10 and 18. The relative electrophoretic mobility, position of the protein bands, and their respective molecular weights in greater abundance in the cheeses were identified as: α S1-casein (23.61 kDa), α S2-casein (25.23 kDa), β-casein (23.98 kDa), к-casein (19.02 kDa) and α-lactalbumin (14.2 kDa). Cheese samples with the addition of calcium chloride showed more united and intense protein bands. When comparing samples with the addition of the solution, it can be said that the addition of calcium chloride has a good influence on the yield and protein profile of the cheeses. The addition of L. acidophilus also had a positive influence on the protein profile and yield of the products obtained. All tests of brie type cheese showed viability of the probiotic microorganism L. acidophilus after maturation, the lactobacilli were present in the cheese samples in high numbers, in the order of 107 UFC/g. The other cultures also showed good viability and in all cheeses obtained the microorganism Lactobacillus acidophilus proved to be a good option for a technological strategy to significantly improve the quality of brie cheeses.
CLAUDIANA QUEIROZ GOUVEIA Secagem do Jambo Vermelho (Syzygium malaccense) pelo método de Camada de Espuma (foam-mat drying) Fecha: 31-jul-2020 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen O jambo vermelho (Sizygium malaccense) apresenta coloração vermelho escura na casca, essa característica dentre outras, incitam pesquisas que explorem seus efeitos funcionais. Além do seu consumo in natura o jambo também é utilizado para extração de corantes devido à cor da sua casca. Estudos vêm sendo realizados para comprovar sua funcionalidade quanto ao tratamento de doenças como diabetes e obesidade. É um fruto sazonal e bastante perecível, o que dificulta sua disponibilidade durante todo o ano. Uma forma de viabilizar sua conservação é utilizando a secagem em camada de espuma que funciona com a remoção da água após o produto ser transformado em uma espuma estável, aumentando seu tempo de vida útil e inibindo o crescimento microbiano. Esta também é uma forma de aproveitar a fruta nos períodos de safra evitando maiores desperdícios. Desta forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi obter o pó do jambo vermelho através da secagem em camada de espuma utilizando o Emustab® como agente emulsificante. A espuma foi caracterizada quanto a parâmetros físicos (densidade, percentual de expansão e over run, estabilidade) e físico-químicos (teor de ATT, pH e percentual de umidade). Utilizou-se a metodologia do planejamento experimental fatorial completo de 23 + 3 pontos centrais, para verificar a influência das variáveis independentes: concentração do emulsificante (3%, 4% e 5%); tempo de agitação (3 min, 4 min e 5 min) e temperatura de secagem (50 °C, 60 °C e 70 °C) sobre as variáveis dependentes (tempo de secagem e umidade final do pó) e sobre as características do pó obtido (solubilidade, rendimento, teor de umidade, cinzas, carboidratos, lipídeos, proteínas, ATT, pH, SST, ácido ascórbico e aw). Com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que o aumento da temperatura de secagem resultou numa melhor estabilidade da espuma e na redução do tempo de secagem. O pó obtido apresenta uma umidade em média de 12,14% e atividade de água entre 0,167 a 0,283 o que favorece a sua conservação e comercialização dentro dos padrões exigidos pela legislação, transformando assim o jambo em um pó microbiologicamente estável. O pó produzido nos 11 experimentos apresentou boa solubilidade em água e características químicas (cinzas, carboidratos, proteínas e lipídeos) e físico-químicas (ATT, pH, SST e ácido ascórbico) superiores às encontradas para a polpa in natura, indicando que o processo de secagem em camada de espuma favorece a concentração dos nutrientes do jambo vermelho através da eliminação do teor de umidade.
QUISSI ALVES DA SILVA Foam mat drying of kale leaf Fecha: 27-jul-2020 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The consumption of leaf cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is very common throughout the country. It is a vegetable originating from the Mediterranean that has dark green leaves, belongs to the botanical family of brassicas and is well recognized for its high nutritional value. Considering the current trends for nutritious and fast-prepared foods, their use in the dehydrated form is an interesting alternative to reduce losses and thus add value to the product. Based on this information, the objective of this work was to obtain the powder from the cabbage leaf through the foam-mat-drying method. The foam was obtained from the vegetable compound added by the additive Portogel® classified in the literature as an emulsifier and used widely in food formulations. The physical characterization of the foam was carried out by the analysis of stability, density, percentage of expansion and incorporation of air and physical-chemical analyzes (ATT content, pH and moisture percentage). Drying was carried out according to the complete factorial design of 23 + 3 central points, with independent variables: concentration of foaming agent (3, 4 and 5%), stirring time (3, 4 and 5 minutes) and temperature drying (50, 60 and 70 ° C) and the influence of these variables on the process response variables (drying time and final drying humidity) and on the characterization of the obtained powder was evaluated through statistical analysis. With the kinetics data, drying curves were made, as well as curves for drying rates. The results showed a typical drying curve, represented by a long constant period followed by a short period of decreasing rate. It was also observed that with the increase in the drying temperature there was a reduction in the drying time. The highest drying rates were shown in the experiments at 70 ° C and the lowest rates at 50 ° C. Regarding the samples of the obtained powder, they presented an average humidity of 8.8% (b.u) and water activity in average of 0.504o, which favors the conservation and commercialization within the standards required by the legislation. The powder produced in the 11 experiments and in the lyophilization showed low solubility in water, with an average of 28.79% for the foam layer and for the lyophilized powder, 32.50%. For the physical-chemical characteristics (macronutrients) ashes, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and bioactive compounds, the powders of the 11 experiments showed values that indicate that the foam layer drying process favored the concentration of nutrients. In the physical-chemical analyzes (ATT, pH, SST) the obtained values were superior to the values of the vegetal compound indicating that the addition of the emulsifier modified these characteristics and all lyophilized powder did not present significant differences for these parameters.
TATIANA DIAS ROMÃO SECAGEM EM CAMADA DE ESPUMA (FOAM-MAT DRYING) DAS FOLHAS DE ARRUDA (RUTA GRAVEOLENS L.) Fecha: 24-jul-2020 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen No Brasil aproximadamente 82% da população utiliza produtos à base de plantas medicinais em relação aos cuidados com a saúde. A Ruta Graveolens L., conhecida popularmente por Arruda, é uma planta medicinal que vem sendo estudada em todo o mundo por possuir diversas atividades fitoterápicas comprovadas. Porém, a vida útil de folhas é muito curta após a colheita, e uma das formas de conservação é dada pela produção de pós pela operação de secagem no método de camada de espuma (foam-mat drying), sendo assim uma alternativa simples e de baixo custo. Foram realizadas caracterizações físicas da espuma obtida da folha de arruda: estabilidade, densidade, capacidade de incorporação de ar, porcentual de expansão e teor de umidade; além de caracterização físicas do pó obtido a partir da secagem: determinação do rendimento teórico, da atividade de água, do potencial hidrogênionico, da acidez total titulável, do teor de umidade, do ácido ascórbico, do lipídios totais e clorofilas e carotenoides totais. A secagem foi realizada de acordo com os níveis definidos em um planejamento experimental fatorial completo 2³ + 3 pontos centrais, no qual as variáveis de entrada foram: temperatura (50, 60 e 70 °C), concentração de emulsificante (2, 4 e 6 %) e tempo de agitação (3, 5 e 7 min). A concentração de espumante e o tempo de agitação foram as variáveis que mais afetaram significativamente as características da espuma e a temperatura foi a única variável que influenciou no tempo de secagem. Todos os experimentos apresentaram uma curva típica de secagem, representadas por um período de taxa constante e uma taxa decrescente. Nas caracterizações físico-químicas do pó da arruda observou-se valores médios de pH com 6,42, atividade de água (aw) de 0,3815, rendimento teórico de 6,4236%, acidez total titulável de 0,2505, teor de umidade de 16,39%, lipídios de 13,56%, de clorofila a 0,95645 g/mg, de clorofila b 0,54805 g/mg, de clorofilas totais de 1,4025 g/mg e carotenoides totais de 0,13855 g/mg. O processo de secagem da espuma das folhas de arruda pelo método de camada de espuma se mostrou satisfatório quanto aos parâmetros avaliados, sendo que a condição máxima de operação foi o que demonstrou os melhores resultados.
AGOSTINHO CAVALCANTI BEZERRA JUNIOR EVALUATION OF FILTRATE VOLUME AND FILTER CAKE THICKNESS OF MICROEMULSIFIED DRILLING FLUIDS Fecha: 30-jun-2020 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen Drilling fluids are the most important elements of drilling activity and they are defined as enablers of drilling activity. The drilling fluids have fundamental functions such as: cooling and lubricating the drill, cleaning the debris from the well, stabilizing the pressures in the well walls, forming a low permeability film, among other functions that are indispensable. Recently, researchers have developed new technologies and methodologies for drilling fluids in order to reduce environmental impacts and promote greater stability in the well in some types of formations (such as shale). One of the recent innovations in this area is the use of microemulsion as a basis for the formulation of drilling fluids. Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable systems that comprise an oil phase, an aqueous phase and a surfactant. The use of microemulsion in the formulation of drilling fluids has been promising and has been providing satisfactory results. Microemulsified fluids can be considered as a viable alternative to conventional oil-based drilling fluids and add good rheological properties to the formulated fluids. In view of the studies and environmental impacts caused by conventional drilling fluids, this work aimed to formulate drilling fluids using a microemulsion composed of pine oil, NP-100 surfactant and water-glycerin (1:1) and analyze the influence that the concentrations of surfactant and vegetable oil have on the filtration properties of these formulated fluids. An experimental design was carried out in order to evaluate the behavior of the fluid loss as a function of the surfactant and oil concentrations. It was possible to verify that these drilling fluids had excellent performances in the filtration tests. The mud cake formed had very low permeability and a desirable thickness. After obtaining the experimental model, it was possible to optimize and plot a response surface, verifying the best working region in the formulation of these drilling fluids.
ELOI NUNES RIBEIRO NETO SECAGEM DA POLPA E CASCA DO JUÁ EM CAMADA DE ESPUMA (FOAM-MAT DRYING) Fecha: 30-mar-2020 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen O juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro Mart) é uma árvore típica do Nordeste Brasileiro. Seu fruto, além de doce e rico em vitamina C, é bastante utilizado como alimento para os animais e adequado para o processamento a fim de obter farinhas. Por ser uma fruta sazonal (período de maturação de junho a julho), impossibilita sua propagação por outras regiões e estações do ano, além da inviabilidade de seu armazenamento por longos períodos, devido ao alto teor de umidade da fruta que a expõe a proliferação de microrganismos. A secagem em camada de espuma surge como opção simples e viável para manutenção das características físico-químicas do fruto e remoção da água, dificultando a ação microbiana e prolongando a vida útil. Com isso, o trabalho teve como objetivo obter o pó da polpa e casca do juá pelo método de secagem em camada de espuma. Como a espuma exerce uma grande influência na eficácia da secagem, realizou-se a caracterização da mesma, pelas análises de estabilidade, densidade, incorporação de ar, expansão e umidade. A secagem foi realizada de acordo com o planejamento experimental fatorial completo de 2³ + 3 pontos centrais, sendo as variáveis independentes: concentração de agente espumante (3, 4 e 5%), tempo de agitação (3, 4 e 5 minutos) e temperatura de secagem (50, 60 e 70 °C) e avaliou-se a influências dessas variáveis nas variáveis resposta do processo (tempo de secagem e umidade de equilíbrio) e na caracterização do pó obtido, por meio de análise estatística. Pelos dados da cinética de secagem foram feitas as curvas de secagem e o ajuste dos modelos matemáticos não lineares encontrados na literatura. Com os resultados obtidos observou-se que os experimentos apresentaram uma curva típica de secagem, representada por uma taxa constante seguida de uma taxa decrescente. A concentração de espumante e o tempo de agitação foram as variáveis que mais afetaram significativamente as características da espuma e a temperatura foi a única variável que influenciou no tempo de secagem. Para o ajuste aos modelos matemáticos, os que tiveram melhor representatividade foram os de Page e Page Modificado. Em relação às características do fruto, as análises realizadas (sólidos solúveis, pH, solubilidade, atividade de água, cinzas, lipídios, umidade e fenólicos) obtiveram valores próximos aos do pó liofilizado da polpa e casca do juá, preservando suas propriedades e constatando que a secagem em camada de espuma é uma técnica viável para a obtenção do pó desse fruto.
ANDERSON SHIMENES LACERDA SOARES OBTENÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE UM FLUÍDO DE PERFURAÇÃO COM CARACTERÍSTICAS BIODEGRADÁVEIS À BASE DE TENSOATIVO NÃO IÔNICO NP40 E ÓLEO DE CANOLA Fecha: 20-feb-2020 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen A perfuração de poços é um dos pilares na exploração de petróleo, é o elo entre a superfície e o reservatório, uma parte vital da perfuração é o fluido utilizado que deve se mostrar eficiente no processo. O objetivo do trabalho é desenvolver um fluido de base microemulsionada aplicável à perfuração de poços de petróleo que se destaca por ser biodegradável e de baixo custo. A partir da construção de diagramas de fases ternários foi possível a investigação e obtenção de um ponto de microemulsão formado por três componentes, um em fase oleosa (FO), um em fase aquosa (FA) e um Tensoativo (T) que foi utilizado como base para o fluido, que em seguida foi aditivado para a agregação de características desejáveis para perfuração. Foram efetuadas as medidas de viscosidade no Fann 35 A, utilizado para medir a viscosidade aparente (VA) e plástica (VP), o limite de escoamento (LE), medidas de gel inicial (G0) e gel final (GF) do fluido de perfuração, além disso, a partir dessas leituras, foi possível estudar o comportamento do fluido e determinar qual classificação e modelo melhor se ajustam a esse comportamento com base na Norma API 13B (2012), a densidade foi medida na balança de lama Fann 140, o teste de filtrado no Filtro Prensa API Pressurizado. Os fluidos obtidos tem aspecto homogêneo com massas específicas de 1,14 e 1,19 g/cm³, volume de filtrado obtido após um período de 30 min numa pressão de 100 psi foi de, apenas, 6,4 mL para um fluido e 12,6 para o outro, utilizando 1,00 g de redutor de filtrado, os fluidos tem viscosidade aparente (VA) de 115 e 136,8 cP e a viscosidade plástica (VP) de 104,5 e 125 cP, limite de escoamento (LE) de 21 e 23,5 N/m², a partir da curva de consistência obtida através do gráfico plotado entre a Tensão de cisalhamento (τ) em N/m² e a taxa de deformação (γ) em 1/s foram obtidos os parâmetros e o ajuste a um modelo reológico de Herschel-Bulkley que é um modelo de três parâmetros , sendo um fluido de potência com limite de escoamento inicial, o fluido é não-newtoniano, não linear e apresenta uma tensão de cisalhamento inicial. Foi realizado um teste de compatibilidade com uma pasta de cimento para estudo da contaminação, a compatibilidade se mostrou satisfatória. A fim de simular condições de poço, uma reologia HPHT e um teste de envelhecimento verificaram a consistência reológica, apresentando de forma geral resultados satisfatórios e dentro dos valores de referência.

2019
Descripción
ELAYNE ANDRADE ARAUJO EFEITO DA GLICERINA NA EFICIÊNCIA DE COLCHÕES LAVADORES MICROEMULSIONADOS A BASE DE ÓLEO VEGETAL Fecha: 19-jul-2019 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Colchoes lavadores/espacadores sao fluidos de limpeza, bombeados a frente da pasta de cimento, com a finalidade de deslocar, remover e inverter a molhabilidade das paredes da formacao rochosa. Os colchoes lavadores necessitam ser compativeis com a pasta de cimento e com o fluido de perfuracao, pois podem ocasionar uma mistura com viscosidade excessiva capaz de diminuir a eficiencia de deslocamento do fluido de perfuracao e, consequentemente, tornar fraca a aderencia do cimento. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver colchoes lavadores a base de sistemas microemulsionados, para analisar a influencia da glicerina na remocao do fluido de perfuracao, na inversao da molhabilidade, na compatibilidade entre colchao lavador/fluido de perfuracao, colchao lavador/pasta de cimento e fluido de perfuracao/colchao lavador/pasta de cimento, na resistencia a compressao e, principalmente, na composicao do cimento. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos tres diagramas de fases ternarios, com os seguintes componentes: oleo vegetal, como fase oleosa (FO); tween 80, como tensoativo nao-ionico (T); e, glicerina, glicerina/agua (1:1) e agua, como fases aquosas (FA). Em seguida, foram escolhidas amostras, uma de cada diagrama, com a mesma composicao, sendo 35 % FO, 55 % T, 5 % FA. As microemulsoes (ME) do tipo agua em oleo (A/O) foram analisadas por estabilidade termica e mostraram que a presenca da glicerina nao altera a homogeneidade destes sistemas, quando submetidos a altas temperaturas. Nos testes de remocao do fluido de perfuracao nao-aquoso, os sistemas microemulsionados, puros e diluidos, apresentaram eficiencia na remocao de, aproximadamente, 100%. Nos testes de inversao da molhabilidade de A/O para O/A, apenas os sistemas diluidos foram eficientes nestes testes. Na compatibilidade dos fluidos microemulsionados diluidos, fluido de perfuracao nao-aquoso e pasta de cimento, foi verificado que as misturas foram compativeis, pois nao apresentaram fatores como separacao de fases, variacoes de viscosidade, gelificacao e floculacao, embora a presenca da glicerina nesses sistemas tenha diminuido um pouco a viscosidade das misturas. A contaminacao da pasta de cimento com os colchoes lavadores diluidos, na proporcao 90/10 (v/v) respectivamente, mostrou que ocorreu uma diminuicao na resistencia do cimento, contudo, o sistema com glicerina/agua diluido apresentou o melhor resultado na hidratacao da pasta de cimento, sendo confirmado atraves da analise de Difratometria de Raio-X (DRX) que mostrou que a glicerina, em altas concentracoes, influencia diretamente nas propriedades do cimento hidratado.
ANDRESSA LAIS MARIA DE MELO BIOPROSPECÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS PRODUTORAS DE BIOSSURFACTANTE EM SUBSTRATOS ALTERNATIVOS Fecha: 27-mar-2019 Hora: 15:00 Mostrar Resumen Os biossurfactantes sao moleculas de origem biologica, podendo ser obtido de leveduras, fungos e bacterias, que possuem capacidade emulsificante e de reduzir tensoes superficiais e interfaciais. Eles apresentam vantagens quando comparados aos surfactantes de origem quimica, como tolerancia a alta temperatura, pH e forca ionica, biodegradabilidade e baixa toxicidade. O emprego de substratos alternativos para sua producao e opcao para reduzir os custos de producao e possibilita o uso de residuos agroindustriais, reduzindo o impacto ambiental da ma disposicao destes residuos no ambiente. O trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar bacterias produtoras de biossurfactantes e avaliar a producao a partir de substratos como melaco, manipueira, vinhaca, polpa de coco e oleo de soja residual. Foram utilizadas 20 bacterias, sendo 8 isoladas do solo e 12 isoladas do residuo agroindustrial denominado de torta de filtro de uma agroindustria sucroalcooleira. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com a bacteria JS20, isolada do solo. A tensao superficial final em meio composto de glicose suplementado com oleo de soja residual foi de 40,56 mN/m e indice de emulsificacao em oleo de motor de 96,10%.; em meio com melaco e oleo de soja residual o valor foi de 49,57 mN/m. Com a bacteria selecionada foram conduzidas avaliacoes das fontes de carbono. Para isso foram usados melaco, vinhaca, manipueira, polpa de coco, alem de oleo de soja residual como indutor. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos em meios formulados com melaco suplementados tanto com oleo de soja residual quanto com a polpa de coco, analisando os resultados de crescimento de celulas e indice de emulsificacao. Ja para as fontes de nitrogenio foram usados ureia, extrato de levedura, nitrato de sodio e sulfato de amonio. A fonte de nitrogenio selecionada foi o sulfato de amonio e apresentou indice de emulsificacao de 100% em oleo de motor, 51,94% em oleo de soja e 42,31% em querosene. Para avaliar a influencia da concentracao da fonte de nitrogenio, razao de aeracao e do indutor na concentracao de celulas, reducao de tensao superficial e no indice de emulsificacao em oleo de soja e em querosene foi realizado um planejamento experimental fatorial 23 com tres repeticoes no ponto central. Os resultados mostraram que a melhor condicao para producao de biossurfactantes foi em meio com melaco, 1 g/L de sulfato de amonia e 20 g/L de polpa de coco e maior condicao de aeracao, apresentando capacidade de emulsificacao de 100% em oleo de motor e 50% em querosene. Foram conduzidos testes de estabilidade e os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o caldo bruto livre de celulas foi estavel em ampla faixa de pH, temperatura e salinidade. Em testes de remocao de oleo adsorvido em areia foi obtido um percentual de remocao de 78,71%, resultado superior ao obtido com o surfactante quimico Tween 80 que removeu 62,03%.
JOSÉ EDUARDO DE MATOS PAZ REDIMENSIONAMENTO DO SISTEMA DE RESFRIAMENTO DA FERMENTAÇÃO PARA ELEVAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE DE PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL Fecha: 27-mar-2019 Hora: 13:00 Mostrar Resumen O Brasil e um dos maiores produtores de cana-de-acucar do mundo, produzindo atraves dela mais de 37 milhoes de toneladas de acucar e 27 bilhoes de litros de etanol. Atualmente ha uma elevacao na demanda do consumo de etanol combustivel, especialmente em funcao da variacao do preco do petroleo no mercado internacional e o carater renovavel desta fonte de energia. Este trabalho tem como objetivo elevar a producao de etanol a partir do redimensionamento do sistema de resfriamento da fermentacao de uma planta industrial, para tal feito foi necessario realizar um balanco de energia do sistema de arrefecimento da fermentacao, em sua antiga configuracao, e redistribuir as placas para atender a necessidade de absorcao de calor do primeiro e segundo estagios. Outro ponto importante foi a ampliacao do segundo estagio, aumentando o tempo de residencia do mosto fermentado. As modificacoes implementadas geraram um aumento de produtividade da planta mensurados atraves da quantidade de cana de acucar destinada a producao de etanol que dobrou em relacao a safra anterior, a quantidade de vinho produzido que foi 36% maior, a elevacao de 0,9% na quantidade de acucares redutores totais (ART) presentes na alimentacao, o que elevou em 6% o teor alcoolico do vinho, proporcionando uma producao 52% maior no periodo estudado, mantendo a temperatura da fermentacao na faixa otima de trabalho da levedura. Estes resultados evidencaim a elevacao na produtividade do sistema e ainda proporcionou uma reducao no custo de manutencao atraves da reducao do numero de trocadores de calor e bombas em operacao na planta, alem disso, a elevacao da capacidade de processar materia-prima nos possibilitou trabalhar com o estoque de melaco baixo, minimizando as perdas por degradacao de acucar na estocagem.
KARINA SOARES DO BONFIM SECAGEM EM CAMADA DE ESPUMA DA BABOSA PARA UTILIZAÇÃO EM FORMULAÇÃO COSMÉTICA Fecha: 26-mar-2019 Hora: 13:30 Mostrar Resumen A Aloe vera popularmente conhecida como Babosa, e uma planta da familia Liliaceae e do genero Aloe. A secagem e uma maneira de preservar os nutrientes, conservar alimentos e aumentar o tempo de prateleira. Entre os tipos existentes pode-se destacar a secagem em camada de espuma por ser uma alternativa simples e de baixo custo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a secagem em camada de espuma do gel da babosa para obtencao da sua forma em po e testar sua aplicacao em formulacoes de xampu e condicionador. A metodologia do planejamento experimental fatorial completo de 2³+ 3 pontos centrais foi utilizada, com as variaveis de entrada: concentracao do espumante, tempo de agitacao e temperatura de secagem. E variaveis de saida: umidade final em base seca e tempo de secagem. O agente espumante utilizado foi o po da entrecasca do jua. A caracterizacao fisica da espuma foi realizada atraves das analises de densidade, estabilidade, capacidade de incorporacao de ar e percentual de expansao. Os dados das cineticas de secagem obtidos foram ajustados a modelos matematicos nao lineares. As isotermas de sorcao foram obtidas para as condicoes minimas, centrais e maximas do planejamento experimental nas temperaturas de 20 °C, 30 °C e 40 °C. Como tambem foram obtidas para o gel in natura e para o po obtido por liofilizacao para as isotermas de dessorcao e adsorcao respectivamente. Sendo posteriormente testados os seus ajustes a modelos matematicos. Para a caracterizacao fisico-quimica do po utilizado nas formulacoes cosmeticas foram realizadas as analises de cinzas, umidade, proteinas e lipidios. Formulacoes de xampu e condicionador contendo o po nas concentracoes de 0,5%, 1,5% e 3,0% foram testadas. E uma formulacao sem po chamada de controle. Para avaliacao da formulacao foi feito o estudo da estabilidade acelerada e o teste de mechas, que envolve a penteabilidade e a analise de brilho. A secagem em camada de espuma mostrou-se eficiente para obtencao do po. A espuma mais estavel foi obtida para as condicoes de 5% de espumante, 6 min de agitacao e 50 °C. Pela analise estatistica foi observado que a capacidade de incorporacao de ar e o percentual de expansao aumentaram com o aumento das variaveis estudadas. O oposto ocorre para a densidade. As variaveis de entrada nao se mostraram estatisticamente significativas para as respostas. As cineticas de secagem obtidas possuiram bons ajustes para os modelos de Page e Newton. As isotermas de dessorcao nao puderam ser ajustadas a modelos matematicos. As de adsorcao foram ajustadas ao modelo de Oswin. O po escolhido para as formulacoes foi o obtido nos niveis maximos do planejamento, cuja caracterizacao fisico-quimica desse po demostrou maior concentracao dos nutrientes apos a secagem. Formulacoes de xampu e condicionador contendo o po da babosa foram obtidas. A analise de estabilidade acelerada mostrou a instabilidade da formulacao do xampu.Uma nova formulacao foi feita, cuja maior penteabilidade observada foi para a concentracao de 3% e o aumento do brilho para a de 0,5%.
GRACIMÁRIO BEZERRA DA SILVA SIMULAÇÃO NUMÉRICA DE FRATURAMENTO HIDRÁULICO EM UM RESERVATÓRIO ARENÍTICO DA BACIA SERGIPE-ALAGOAS. Fecha: 26-mar-2019 Hora: 08:00 Mostrar Resumen O fraturamento hidraulico consiste em uma tecnica capaz de estimular pocos de petroleo que sofreram declinio de producao ao longo do tempo, assim como tambem permitir a producao de reservatorios que apresentam baixa permeabilidade, por meio da criacao de uma rede de canais na rocha, promovendo a conexao entre os poros no meio rochoso. A fratura induzida hidraulicamente na formacao, geralmente, e criada e se propaga a grandes profundidades na rocha-reservatorio. Existem varios modelos de fraturas que foram desenvolvidos ate entao. Esses modelos visam se aproximar o maximo do real e determinam a geometria que a fratura se forma na formacao. Atualmente, alguns softwares tem sido desenvolvidos e utilizados para esse tipo de estudo. Esta dissertacao tem como objetivo simular numericamente o fraturamento hidraulico aplicado em um reservatorio arenitico de acordo com dados extraidos de um poco de petroleo que sofreu declinio da producao ao longo do tempo e, tambem, simular o fraturamento hidraulico no mesmo reservatorio para com diferentes permeabilidades para servir como dados de sensibilidade. O reservatorio em estudo para o tratamento de fraturamento hidraulico apresenta uma permeabilidade equivalente a 30mD. Para dados de sensibilidade foram realizadas simulacoes para diferentes permeabilidades mantendo os mesmos dados de entrada referentes ao reservatorio, variando tambem o tipo de propante a ser adicionado ao fluido fraturante. Para isso, utilizou-se o software Stimplan-3D para a simulacao de fraturamento hidraulico de um poco real ja perfurado no campo Cidade de Aracaju da Bacia Sergipe-Alagoas. Por meio dos dados de entrada foi gerado um modelo geologico do reservatorio. Posteriormente, criou-se na rocha-reservatorio arenitica, uma fratura de forma controlada. A geometria dessa fratura segue o modelo Perkins e Kern em que a fissura e longa e ao mesmo tempo estreita, apresentando um comprimento crescente ao longo do tempo com uma altura constante. A primeira simulacao foi realizada para o caso em que a rocha-reservatorio apresenta uma permeabilidade de 30mD, sendo utilizado como fluido fraturante o 30# X-Link e Bauxite como tipo de propante. Para dados de sensibilidade foram realizadas mais algumas simulacoes considerando que a rocha-reservatorio apresentasse as seguintes permeabilidades: 1mD, 10mD, 20mD e 30mD. Para esses, manteve-se o mesmo tipo de fluido, porem foi utilizado outro tipo de propante, o Ottawa Sand. Os resultados gerados mostraram que a fratura toma uma proporcao satisfatoria na rocha-reservatorio com boa acomodacao do material granular no interior da fratura para todos os casos. A fratura atingiu uma profundidade maior de penetracao na rocha-reservatorio para os casos em que a permeabilidade adotada foi de 1mD e 30mD do que para as permeabilidades de 10mD e 20mD. A pressao de injecao se comportou como o esperado para todas as simulacoes, inicialmente alta e, posteriormente, sofreu declinio causada pela adicao de determinadas concentracoes de propante. A condutividade da fratura foi maior para a permeabilidade de 1mD e menor para a permeabilidade de 30mD. Contudo, para todos os casos com diferentes permeabilidades, a fratura criada na formacao rochosa, se comportou de acordo com o modelo de fratura Perkins e Kern.
JADER MARTINS MARQUES DESENVOLVIMENTO DE APLICATIVO EM EXCEL/VBA PARA DIMENSIONAMENTO DE VÁLVULA DE CONTROLE PARA LÍQUIDOS, GASES E VAPORES Fecha: 14-mar-2019 Hora: 13:30 Mostrar Resumen Valvulas de Controle sao equipamentos muito utilizados nas industrias em geral, sobretudo na industria quimica (segmentos de petroleo e petroquimica, celulose e papel, etc). A falta de dados de propriedades termofisicas das substancias na etapa de projeto basico ou de novos projetos de processos existentes dificulta o correto dimensionamento das valvulas de controle. Diante desse fato, foi proposto um aplicativo usando linguagem de programacao VBA Excel, capaz de realizar estimativas das propriedades: pressao de vapor, densidade e viscosidade para liquidos, vapores e gases muito utilizados na industria, na temperatura e pressao de entrada do fluido na valvula de controle e, posteriormente, o dimensionamento do coeficiente de vazao da valvula de controle. O aplicativo proposto possui interface amigavel e de facil utilizacao, sendo uma ferramenta util e que pode ser utilizada por estudantes de graduacao e pos-graduacao dos cursos de Engenharia Quimica, Engenharia Mecanica, Modalidade Mecatronica, e Engenharia de Controle e Automacao, em aulas de termodinamica ou fenomenos de transporte (mecanica dos fluidos), bem como profissionais da industria quimica das areas de Engenharias de Instrumentacao e de Processos. O aplicativo, denominado de Valvula_de_Controle_v1.0, foi validado para pressao de vapor, volume molar, volume especifico e viscosidade, bem como para o coeficiente de vazao de liquidos, gases e vapores com os dados reportados da literatura tecnica especializada. Os resultados da validacao mostraram que as subrotinas foram codificadas de forma eficiente tanto para os calculos das estimativas quanto para os coeficientes de vazao. A partir da validacao, algumas inferencias estatisticas foram realizadas para comparar o desempenho dos metodos de estimativas do aplicativo em relacao as substancias simples apolares e polares. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que os metodos utilizados estimam, com pequeno ou sem erro relativo percentual em relacao aos dados experimentais, as propriedades de liquidos, gases e vapores.
JÉSSICA KELLY DA SILVA NEGREIROS ESTUDO DA SECAGEM EM CAMADA DE ESPUMA DA ROMÃ (Punica granatium L.). Fecha: 20-feb-2019 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen A roma (Punica granatum L.) vem sendo muito estudada devido ao seu alto poder antioxidante. Existem varios estudos que comprovam a eficacia de varias partes dessa fruta no tratamento de diversas doencas. Ela e uma fruta sazonal, o que impossibilita sua disponibilidade em todas as estacoes do ano e, por possuir um alto teor de agua, seu armazenamento por longos periodos de tempo e inviavel, ja que essa umidade facilita a proliferacao de microrganismos e de reacoes que provocam a sua degradacao. A secagem em camada de espuma pode ser uma opcao para preservacao dos principios ativos dessa fruta, ja que a remocao da agua dificulta a proliferacao dos microrganismos e as reacoes de deterioracao. Visando isso, esse trabalho teve como objetivo principal obter o po do suco da roma, composto por sua polpa e casca, utilizando a secagem em camada de espuma. A caracteristica da espuma interfere de forma significativa no sucesso da secagem, portanto, foi realizada a caracterizacao fisica da espuma produzida, analisando sua estabilidade, densidade, capacidade de incorporacao de ar, expansao e umidade. O processo de secagem seguiu um planejamento experimental fatorial completo 24+4 pontos centrais, totalizando 20 experimentos, onde as variaveis independentes foram: temperatura de secagem (50, 60 e 70oC); concentracao de casca no suco (20, 25 e 30%); concentracao do agente espumante (3, 4 e 5% ); e tempo de agitacao (2, 3 e 4 minutos) e foi avaliada a influencia dessas variaveis sobre as variaveis dependentes do processo (tempo de secagem e umidade de equilibrio) e das caracteristicas do po obtido, atraves da analise estatistica. Com os dados da secagem foram produzidas as curvas de cinetica de secagem e o ajuste aos modelos matematicos mais utilizados na literatura. Com os resultados observou-se que o tempo de agitacao foi a variavel que mais afeta as caracteristicas fisicas da espuma e que a temperatura e a variavel que mais influencia no tempo de secagem. Os modelos matematicos que melhor se ajustaram aos dados foram o de Page e Page Modificado. Os principios ativos da roma, como os compostos fenolicos e atividade antioxidante foram concentrados e preservados com a secagem em camada de espuma, indicando que essa tecnica e viavel para a obtencao do po dessa fruta.

2018
Descripción
BÁRBARA FREIRE DE OLIVEIRA SECAGEM DA FOLHA DA GRAVIOLA (Annona muricata Linn) PELO MÉTODO DE CAMADA DE ESPUMA (FOAM-MAT DRYING) Fecha: 13-dic-2018 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen A Annona muricata L. conhecida popularmente no Brasil por graviola e uma planta medicinal que vem sendo estudada em todo o mundo, atribuindo-se a ela diferentes atividades farmacologicas, direcionadas a todas as partes do vegetal (cascas, raizes, folhas, flores, sementes e fruta), destacando as folhas pelo seu uso tradicional na forma de chas. Porem, a vida util das folhas e muito curta apos a colheita e uma das formas de conservacao e dada pela producao de pos pelo metodo de secagem em camada de espuma (foam-mat drying), alternativa simples e de baixo custo. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo produzir o po da folha da graviola pelo metodo de secagem em camada de espuma, utilizando o Portogel® como agente espumante. Utilizou-se a metodologia de planejamento experimental fatorial completo de 23 + 3 pontos centrais, buscando verificar as influencias das variaveis independentes, concentracao de emulsificante (3, 4 e 5%), tempo de agitacao (3, 4 e 5 min) e temperatura se secagem (50, 60 e 70 °C) sobre o processo de secagem (variavel dependente tempo de secagem). Foram realizadas caracterizacoes fisicas da espuma da folha da graviola: densidade, percentual de expansao, capacidade de incorporacao de ar e estabilidade da espuma. Com os dados da cinetica de secagem foi possivel obter os ajustes aos modelos matematicos nao lineares e com os pos obtidos foram realizadas as seguintes caracterizacoes fisico-quimicas: atividade de agua, rendimento, granulometria, pH, solidos soluveis totais, acidez titulavel total (ATT), indice de solubilidade em agua (ISA), atividade antioxidante total e fenolicos totais. Para o tratamento estatistico foi verificado que a temperatura apresentou influencia significativa sobre o tempo de secagem para um nivel de 95% de confianca. Todos os experimentos apresentaram uma curva tipica de secagem, representadas por um periodo de taxa constante e uma taxa decrescente. Para os ajustes aos modelos matematicos nao lineares, os que melhor representaram os dados experimentais foram os de Page e Page Modificado. Na caracterizacao fisico-quimica do po da folha de graviola observou-se uma atividade de agua inferior a 0,406, um rendimento teorico de aproximadamente 7%, com classificacao granulometrica entre solidos finos e ultrafinos, um pH levemente acido, uma teor de solidos soluveis totais de aproximadamente de 47 oBrix e acidez titulavel total (ATT) na faixa de 2 g acido citrico/100g. A atividade antioxidante pelo metodo DPPH e fenolicos totais apresentaram maiores valores nas condicoes minimas de secagem, sendo eles: 121,07 µmol Tx/g e 1420 mg GAE/100g de po, respectivamente. O processo de secagem da folha da graviola pelo metodo de camada de espuma se mostrou satisfatorio quanto aos parametros avaliados, sendo que as condicoes minimas de operacao foi o que demonstrou os melhores resultados.
ROXANA PEREIRA FERNANDES DE SOUSA OTIMIZAÇÃO E ESTUDO DE FLUIDOS DE PERFURAÇÃO FORMULADOS A PARTIR DE MICROEMULSÃO O/A E A/O Fecha: 16-ago-2018 Hora: 18:00 Mostrar Resumen O metodo de perfuracao de pocos de petroleo utilizado atualmente e o metodo rotativo. Este metodo e capaz de perfurar regioes complexas e atingir grandes profundidades. No entanto, o sucesso do metodo e decorrente da circulacao continua de um fluido de perfuracao, que remove os pedacos rochosos e estabiliza o poco, tornando a perfuracao mais eficiente e segura. Dentre os diversos tipos de fluidos de perfuracao, destacam-se os fluidos sinteticos por sua grande aplicabilidade, compreendendo as aplicacoes de fluidos base agua e base oleo, e alta eficiencia. Os sistemas microemulsionados, que sao estaveis, espontaneos e preparados a partir de uma mistura de uma fase aquosa e uma fase oleosa, na presenca de tensoativo podem se apresentar como boas bases para fabricacao de fluidos sinteticos, trazendo vantagens aos fluidos de perfuracao, como estabilidade em uma ampla faixa de condicoes salinas, boa lubricidade e reboco mais fino e menos permeavel. Assim, visando a obtencao de um fluido de perfuracao sintetico biodegradavel, com baixa toxicidade e baixo custo, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e estudar fluidos de base microemulsionada aplicaveis a perfuracao de pocos de petroleo e, para isto, foi utilizada uma microemulsao composta por tres componentes: uma solucao aquosa de glicerina, oleo de pinho e tween 80. As propriedades dos fluidos foram avaliadas atraves de ensaios reologicos, de envelhecimento, de filtrado, coeficiente de lubricidade, reologia em alta pressao e alta temperatura (HPHT), degradacao termica, toxicidade, pH e densidade. Alem disso, foram estudadas a influencia do NaCl como aditivo, de dois viscosificantes, da microemulsao e da glicerina em um fluido microemulsionado de oleo em agua (O/A). Foi estudada, tambem, a modificacao superficial de argila bentonita e sua aplicacao em um fluido de perfuracao microemulsionado de agua em oleo (A/O). Foi obtido um fluido de perfuracao microemulsionado O/A com alta viscosidade, forca gel, baixo volume de filtrado (4,5 mL), baixo custo, estavel em uma grande faixa de condicoes salinas (ate 5 % de NaCl), estavel em alta pressao e alta temperatura, boa lubricidade (0,07638) e permite uma alta concentracao de agua. Enquanto que a microemulsao agregou estabilidade e viscosidade ao fluido, elevando suas propriedades reologicas e tixotropicas, a glicerina diminuiu a interacao com o viscosificante, reduzindo estas propriedades. O fluido obtido e produto de inovacao e esta protegido pela patente de numero BR102016019048-7, INPI (Insituto Nacional da Propriedade Intelectual).
MARCOS EUGÊNIO DE ALEIXO JÚNIOR PRODUÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ENZIMAS PRODUZIDAS POR Penicillium sp FSDE 15 USANDO BAGAÇO DE MALTE Fecha: 28-mar-2018 Hora: 18:30 Mostrar Resumen As enzimas destacam-se em diversas areas de atuacao. Atualmente, a demanda tem se expandido cada vez mais. Estudos vem sendo desenvolvidos com objetivo de produzir enzimas atraves de um processo de fermentacao em estado solido, a partir de residuos agroindustriais lignocelulosicos, diminuindo assim os custos de producao da enzima, e agregando valor ao residuo. Muitos substratos sao utilizados com a finalidade de se obter grandes quantidades de enzimas celuloliticas por microrganismos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi de obter enzimas celulases e amilases a partir do bagaco de malte utilizando o Penicillium sp FSDE 15. Inicialmente, realizou-se a fermentacao em estado solido do residuo do malte nas condicoes prevista na literatura para obtencao de cada enzima. Um acompanhamento cinetico foi realizado no qual foram feitas analise de acucares redutores e atividade enzimatica expressa em CMCase, FPase amilase. Em seguida fez-se um ensaio para se determinar o pH otimo e temperatura otima das enzimas, verificando a atividade otima conforme a temperatura e pH, como tambem a sua estabilidade estudado para cada enzima. Por fim verificou-se o potencial do residuo do bagaco de malte para ser utilizado na fermentacao para producao de enzimas, utilizando o microrganismos penicillium sp FSDE 15.
JHONNATHA DE ANDRADE MONTEIRO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM APLICATIVO EM PYTHON PARA ESTIMATIVAS DE PROPRIEDADES TERMOFÍSICAS UTILIZANDO CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE GRUPOS FUNCIONAIS Fecha: 28-mar-2018 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen Esse trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um aplicativo para estimativas de propriedades termofisicas utilizando modelos baseados em contribuicao de grupos funcionais, capaz de fornecer predicoes das seguintes propriedades: fisicas (temperatura critica, pressao critica, volume critico, temperatura normal de ebulicao e fusao); termodinamicas do gas ideal (entalpia formacao, energia livre de Gibbs de formacao e coeficientes da equacao polinomial da capacidade calorifica) e viscosidade. Esse trabalho tambem busca mostrar, de forma simplifica, o processo de desenvolvimento de uma aplicacao, abordando conceitos de construcao de bibliotecas de softwares e desenvolvimento de interfaces graficas de usuario. Optou-se por utilizar a linguagem de programacao Python, por ser uma linguagem de sintaxe simples, bem documentada, possuir uma vasta gama de bibliotecas padroes e de terceiros, mas ainda pouco explorada no contexto da Engenharia Quimica. O desenvolvimento do aplicativo, denominado Estimador de Propriedades Termofisicas por Contribuicao de Grupos (EPTCG), foi divido em duas partes: na primeira foi desenvolvida uma biblioteca (colecao de implementacoes) na qual foram implementados os modelos e bancos de dados avaliados neste trabalho, ja a segunda parte foi dedicada ao desenvolvimento de uma interface grafica e da incorporacao da biblioteca desenvolvida na primeira etapa. Por fim cada modulo da biblioteca foi validado comparando os resultados fornecidos pelo aplicativo proposto com os dados reportados na literatura mundial. O programa desenvolvido se propoe a realizar estimativas de propriedades termofisicas de forma simples, eficiente e confiavel, permitindo ao usuario salvar os resultados gerados e plotar graficos, permitindo sua utilizacao como ferramenta educacional, ou para fins industriais.
MONAYSA KELLY VALADARES ARAÚJO DOS SANTOS DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FERRAMENTA EM EXCEL-VBA PARA CÁLCULO DE PROPRIEDADES DE SUBSTÂNCIAS VIA EQUAÇÃO DE ESTADO DO TIPO BWRS Fecha: 28-mar-2018 Hora: 08:00 Mostrar Resumen A equacao de estado do tipo BWR modificada, propostas por Starling, e amplamente utilizada para estimativa de propriedades volumetricas, residuais e termodinamicas de substancias puras e misturas em projetos industriais. Diante da importancia dessas equacoes na area de Engenharia Quimica, foi proposto o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo EXCEL/VBA capaz de realizar estimativas de propriedades volumetricas, propriedades residuais e termodinamicas de substancias puras e misturas comumente utilizadas na industria petroquimica e de gas natural. O programa proposto possui interface amigavel, facil utilizacao, facil manipulacao dos varios modulos e baixo custo de aquisicao sendo uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada por estudantes de graduacao e/ou pos-graduacao, bem como profissionais da industria quimica e petroquimica. O aplicativo, denominado de EPS_BWRS, foi validado com dados (densidades, volumes molares, entalpias e entropias) calculados pela equacao BWRS reportados na literatura. Os resultados da validacao mostram que os subprogramas foram codificados de forma eficiente. A partir da validacao, algumas inferencias foram realizadas para verificar a performance da equacao de estado BWRS nas estimativas do segundo coeficiente do virial, volumes molares, entalpias e entropia para diversas especies quimicas comparando os valores estimados com os experimentais reportados em diversas literaturas. Como esperado, os resultados mostram que a equacao de estado BWRS estima com bom grau de precisao as propriedades dos gases utilizados na industria quimica, petroquimica e de gas natural.
MARIANA CORREIA RODRIGUES BEHAR UTILIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS SILICATO ALUMINOSOS COMO MATERIAL CIMENTÍCIO SUPLEMENTAR Fecha: 27-mar-2018 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen A procura por tornar a fabricacao de cimento mais sustentavel, consumindo uma menor quantidade de recursos naturais nao renovaveis tem sido estudada pelas cimenteiras e instituicoes de pesquisas nos ultimos 40 anos. A fabricacao de cimentos com adicoes tem sido a forma mais rapida de tornar a industria cimenteira mais sustentavel, minimizando os impactos ambientais da emissao de carbono e consumindo uma menor quantidade de calcario (base da formulacao do cimento). Neste estudo, buscou-se justificar a utilizacao de MIXs de tres tipos de residuos gerados na industria de ceramica plana (e porcelanato) como material cimenticio suplementar para fabricacao de Cimento Portland do tipo CP II- Z. A literatura mostra que tais residuos quando adicionadas ao cimento podem atuar como filler, ou seja, preenchendo os espacos vazios entre as particulas, bem como apresentar atividade pozolanica devido a grande quantidade de silica presente no material. Os residuos foram avaliados individualmente e em diferentes proporcoes de misturas, correlacionando a influencia do comportamento das particulas em cada cenario de moagem. Para caracterizacao foram utilizados metodos de difracao de raios X, refinamento de Rietveld (Software TOPAS), ensaios de resistencia a compressao, ensaio de Chapelle modificado, fluorescencia de raios - X, analises granulometricas e analise de superficie especifica. Os resultados foram satisfatorios e coerentes entre si, indicando a existencia de consumo de hidroxido de calcio pelos MIXs Alem de tornar possivel a identificacao do melhor ponto para preparo de mistura para moagem de tais residuos, que melhoram o efeito filler e consequentemente a resistencia mecanica dos corpos de prova preparados com estes materiais.
RENATA RODRIGUES MAGALHAES OBTENÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DA REOLOGIA E TOXICIDADE DE UM FLUIDO DE PERFURAÇÃO DE BASE MICROEMULSIONADA Fecha: 26-mar-2018 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen Na perfuracao rotativa, na qual as rochas sao perfuradas pela acao da rotacao e peso aplicadas a broca faz-se necessario a utilizacao, de forma continua, de um fluido de perfuracao. Tais fluidos apresentam diversas funcoes fundamentais para a realizacao dessa operacao, dentre elas o carreamento de cascalhos, a estabilidade do poco e a inibicao ao influxo. As lamas sinteticas, assim chamadas por conter como fase continua um liquido sintetico, se tornam indispensaveis para alguns tipos de perfuracao, principalmente para aquelas que apresentam condicoes extremas de temperatura e pressao (HTHP). Como tais fluidos apontam caracteristicas toxicas quando em contato com a biota e constante a busca de uma perspectiva mais sustentavel. Os sistemas microemulsionados mostram-se como potenciais componentes da fase continua de um fluido de perfuracao por serem estaveis termodinamicamente, espontaneos e de facil preparo. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e estudo de um fluido de perfuracao com base microemulsionada A/O. O procedimento experimental foi dividido em uma serie de etapas, sendo a primeira a escolha do tensoativo para compor a microemulsao, na qual a fase oleosa e a parafina e a fase aquosa e salmoura com 2% de NaCl. Dentre os tensoativos testados o Ultranex NP 40 se destacou pela sua capacidade de solubilizar em uma maior fracao a fase aquosa, sendo, entao, o escolhido para compor a microemulsao. Tal microemulsao possui maior fracao de fase oleosa e, com isso, o fluido de perfuracao tera caracteristicas de um fluido de base oleosa. A caracterizacao e o processo de organofilizacao do viscosificante, necessarios para fluidos de base oleosa, corresponderam a uma segunda fase dos experimentos. Atraves das caracterizacoes mineralogicas foi possivel confirmar que a amostra estudada se tratava de uma argila bentonitica sodica e devido a sua superficie hidrofilica, fez-se necessario a modificacao desta, por um processo organofilico. Dentre os tensoativos testados nesse processo estao o Twenn 80, Ultramina 150, Ultranex NP 40 e Praepagen, sendo esse ultimo o que apresentou maior espacamento basal e maior afinidade com o meio dispersante e, consequentemente, foi o escolhido para organofilizar a argila. O fluido proposto foi obtido apos a aditivacao da microemulsao com viscosificante e adensante. Por fim, foram estudadas as propriedades fisicas e quimicas do fluido, atraves de analises reologicas, teor de solidos, densidade e pH. A fim de avaliar a sua toxicidade foram realizados ensaios eco e fitotoxicologicos, os quais permitiram avaliar o efeito ambiental do fluido desenvolvido. Os resultados apresentaram um fluido microemulsionado de carater oleoso, com viscosidade adequada mesmo em condicoes HTHP, baixo teor de solidos, 10% e nao corrosivo, com pH=7,34. O fluido apresentou comportamento plastico e o Modelo de Bingham se ajustou de maneira significativa ao comportamento do fluido, para todas as temperaturas e pressoes estudadas. Os testes toxicologicos mostraram boa aceitabilidade para baixas concentracoes do fluido. No caso da ecotoxicidade a concentracao limitante foi de 300 mg/L e para a fototoxicidade o menor indice de germinacao (GI) foi de 45% para a concentracao de 500 mg/L. Resultados esses, ideais para fluidos oleosos, ja que o seu descarte e feito apenas quando impregnado aos cascalhos, e a fracao em excesso e, em geral, reaproveitada, se tornando reciclavel e mais economico.
EVANICE MEDEIROS DE PAIVA DESENVOLVIMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE MICROEMULSÕES PARA SEREM UTILIZADAS EM COLCHÕES LAVADORES DA INDÚSTRIA DO PETRÓLEO Fecha: 26-mar-2018 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen A busca frequente por petroleo motiva o avanco de pesquisas a fim de desenvolver meios que permitam uma exploracao, perfuracao, cimentacao e producao de oleo rapida, eficiente e com menores custos. A cimentacao e uma parte extremamente importante na conclusao que depende principalmente da limpeza bem sucedida do poco de perfuracao de fluido ou lama. Como estrategia, um colchao lavador e implantado para deslocar a lama e limpar o poco antes de bombear a pasta de cimento. O objetivo deste estudo e desenvolver colchoes lavadores a partir de sistemas microemulsionados que contem em sua composicao tensoativos nao ionicos e oleo vegetal, realizar o estudo reologico e avaliar a compatibilidade entre as relacoes colchao lavador/fluido de perfuracao, colchao lavador/pasta de cimento e fluido de perfuracao/colchao lavador e pasta de cimento. Atraves do estudo reologico foi possivel verificar que os sistemas microemulsionados puros apresentaram comportamento de fluidos Newtoniano, nas temperaturas de 30 a 70°C. Os sistemas diluidos, a partir de 40°C, tambem de comportaram como fluidos Newtoniano. Alem disto, os colchoes lavadores puros e diluidos, formulados com os tensoativos nao ionicos NP100, NP150, Tween 20 e Tween 80, obtiveram uma eficiencia de 100% de remocao do fluido de perfuracao nao aquoso. O sistema formado com o tensoativo NP150 apresentou menor perda de massa de 52% em 100°C, comparado aos outros sistemas. Apenas o sistema microemulsionado puro formado com Tween 20 e fase aquosa de solucao salina foi capaz de inverte a molhabilidade. O sistema formado com o tensoativo NP100 nao inverteu a molhabilidade e os demais sistemas so foram capaz de tornar a rocha molhavel apos a diluicao da microemulsao na proporcao 1:1. As microemulsoes diluidas a base de tensoativos NP150 e T80 apresentaram resultados satisfatorios em relacao aos testes de compatibilidade.
EUDEZIA RODRIGUES MANGUEIRA ESTUDO DA SECAGEM EM CAMADA DE ESPUMA (FOAM-MAT DRYING) DO OVO DE PATA Fecha: 23-mar-2018 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen O ovo de pata e um produto ideal para incrementar a alimentacao humana, por possuir grande quantidade de proteinas e vitamina, apesar de nao ser tao comum como o ovo de galinha. Neste estudo o ovo de pata foi realizado para demostrar o seu potencial, alem da obtencao do ovo de pata em po, atraves da tecnica de secagem em camada de espuma. Nesse processo a clara e a gema separadamente foram transformadas em uma espuma estavel, com a adicao do emulsificante Emustab® para a gema. A espuma da clara e da gema do ovo de pata foram caracterizadas para os parametros fisicos de densidade (g/cm³), percentual de expansao, capacidade de incorporacao de ar (Over Run), estabilidade da espuma e umidade. No po obtido foram realizadas as seguintes analises: granulometria; proteina; lipidios; cor e microscopica. A secagem foi realizada com base nos niveis definidos no planejamento experimental fatorial completo 2³ + 3 pontos centrais, com as variaveis de entrada, para a clara: temperatura (50, 60 e 70 °C), velocidade de agitacao (6, 7 e 8 niveis) e tempo de agitacao (4, 5 e 6 minutos). Ja para a gema as variaveis de entrada foram: temperatura (50, 60 e 70 °C), concentracao de emulsificante (7, 10 e 13%) e tempo de agitacao (4, 5 e 6 minutos). Com as variaveis de saida; umidade final do produto e tempo de agitacao (min), para ambos. Foi realizado tratamento estatistico utilizando os dados da cinetica, que demonstrou que o tempo e a velocidade de agitacao influenciaram de maneira significativa na umidade final do produto e apenas a temperatura influenciou de maneira significativa para o tempo de secagem. A partir desses dados tambem foram realizados ajustes de modelos matematicos, nos quais, os modelos de Page modificado e Page, obtiveram os melhores ajustes, levando em conta o erro padrao menor que 0,01 e o coeficiente de determinacao acima de 0,99, sendo o modelo de Page modificado o melhor modelo. Para a clara do ovo de pata o melhor resultado para producao do po e utilizando a temperatura de 70 °C, tempo de agitacao de 6 minutos e velocidade de agitacao de 8 niveis. Para a producao da gema do ovo de pata em po, o melhor resultado se dar utilizando uma concentracao de Emustab® de 13%, tempo de agitacao de 6 minutos e temperatura de 70 °C, onde a secagem ocorre de forma mais rapida.
ANA CAROLINA NOBREGA LEITE ESTUDO DA CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM EM CAMADA DE ESPUMA (FOAM-MAT DRYING) DA HORTELÃ-DE-FOLHA-MIÚDA (MENTHA CRISPA) Fecha: 23-mar-2018 Hora: 08:00 Mostrar Resumen A hortela-de-folha-miuda e uma planta comumente utilizada na medicina popular para tratamento de diversas enfermidades. A secagem vem sendo empregada para diversos tipos de plantas com o intuito de diminuir os niveis de umidade e atividade de agua para permitir um armazenamento adequado em funcao da conservacao dos principios ativos dos extratos naturais. Com o objetivo de obter o po de hortela-da-folha-miuda foi empregada a tecnica de secagem em camada de espuma. Foram realizadas caracterizacoes fisicas da espuma de Mentha crispa: densidade (g/cm³), porcentagem de expansao, capacidade de incorporacao de ar e estabilidade da espuma; alem de caracterizacoes fisicas do po obtido a partir da secagem: rendimento e granulometria. A secagem foi realizada de acordo com os niveis definidos em um planejamento experimental fatorial completo 2³ + 3 pontos centrais, no qual as variaveis de entrada foram: temperatura (50, 60 e 70 °C), concentracao de emulsificante (3, 5 e 7 %) e tempo de agitacao (3, 5 e 7 min); As variaveis de saida estudadas foram: tempo de secagem (min) e umidade final do produto em base seca. Os experimentos de cinetica de secagem apresentaram comportamento similar entre si, com curvas representadas por um periodo de taxa constante e quase ausencia de periodo de taxa decrescente. A partir dos dados da cinetica de secagem foi possivel obter ajustes de modelos matematicos nao lineares, dentre os quais o modelo de Page foi o que melhor se ajustou a todas as temperaturas estudadas. O tratamento estatistico dos dados verificou que a temperatura e a concentracao de emulsificante apresentaram influencia significativa sobre o tempo de secagem, enquanto que para a umidade final a temperatura e o tempo de agitacao foram estastisticamente significativos, ao nivel de 95% de confianca. Foram obtidas isotermas de adsorcao do po de hortela-da-folha-miuda a 25 °C para os experimentos que apresentaram menores valores de umidade final e todas as curvas apresentaram forma sigmoidal caracteristica de produtos alimenticios, sendo os modelos matematicos que melhor se ajustaram aos dados experimentais os de Oswin e Halsey, com erros de estimativa padrao inferiores a 0,48%. O processo de secagem da Mentha crispa pelo metodo de camada de espuma mostrou-se viavel, sendo a condicao de temperatura de 70 °C, concentracao de emulsificante de 3% e tempo de agitacao de 3 min a que apresentou menor tempo de secagem e umidade final do produto.
SANIERLLY DA PAZ DO NASCIMENTO ESTUDO DA SECAGEM DO NONI (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA L.) EM CAMADA DE ESPUMA (FOAM-MAT DRYING) Fecha: 22-mar-2018 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen A planta de noni (Morinda citrifolia Linneaus) da familia Rubiaceae, oriunda da Asia, vem sendo estudada mundialmente em virtude dos diversos beneficios nutricionais e medicinais atribuidos a todas suas partes (frutos, folhas, raizes e sementes) e dentre estes beneficios, destacam-se os seguintes: atividade antibacteriana, antioxidante, analgesica e atividade antitumoral. Entretanto, o fruto noni caracteriza-se pelo alto teor inicial de agua, deteriorando-se facilmente, deste modo a secagem em camada de espuma (foam-mat drying) apresenta-se como alternativa simples, de baixo custo e capaz de aumentar a vida util deste fruto. A secagem em camada de espuma se da atraves da transformacao de alimentos liquidos e semiliquidos em uma espuma estavel atraves da adicao de agentes quimicos com propriedades emulsificantes e espessantes, com posterior desidratacao a baixas temperaturas e resultando em um produto final poroso, quebradico e de facil moagem. Objetivou-se com essa pesquisa obter um po a partir de espuma de do noni, estudando sua cinetica de secagem, caracteristicas das espumas formadas e do po. A pesquisa foi baseada no planejamento experimental fatorial completo de 23 + 3 pontos centrais, utilizando como variaveis independentes: temperatura de secagem, tempo de agitacao e concentracao de espumante. O espumante utilizado foi a albumina e foi realizada a caracterizacao fisico-quimica da espuma e dos pos obtidos na secagem. A secagem teve duracao media de 3 horas e 40 minutos por batelada, com a temperatura apresentando-se como variavel estatisticamente significativa com influencia negativa, significando que quanto maior a temperatura menor sera o tempo de secagem. O experimento realizado nas condicoes maxima de 6% de concentracao de espumante, maxima de 70°C de temperatura e tempo minimo de agitacao de 3 minutos, o que apresentou espuma com melhor estabilidade (menos de 2,5 mL drenados), baixa densidade (0,4 g/cm3), e alta capacidade de incorporacao de ar (150%), se mostrando assim a condicao otima de trabalho. E a partir das curvas de secagem obtidas, pode ser observado que todas apresentaram ambos os periodos de secagem: taxa constante e taxa de decrescente de secagem. Dentre todos os modelos aplicados, os modelos de Newton, Page, Page Modificado por Mangueira (2017), Henderson e Pabis e o modelo proposto por Wang e Singh apresentaram o melhor ajuste aos dados de todos os 11 experimentos, podendo assim os dados obtidos serem representados adequadamente por tais modelos. Observou-se que o aumento da temperatura de secagem, causou um decrescimo no teor de umidade final nos frutos de Morinda citrifolia L. A faixa de conteudo de umidade final variou de 0,031 a 0,532 g de agua/g de solido seco. Concluindo-se que o po produzido em todos os experimentos conservou a caracteristica acida da polpa in natura e foi classificado como po fino, de acordo com a distribuicao granulometrica realizada.
ITALO XAVIER QUEIROZ DESENVOLVIMENTO E AVALIAÇÃO DE UM LUBRIFICANTE A BASE DE MICROEMULSÃO (A/O) PARA APLICAÇÃO EM PERFURAÇÃO DE ZONAS DEPLETADAS Fecha: 20-feb-2018 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen A busca por novos pocos de petroleo ou otimizacao de recuperacao de petroleo e recorrente, implicando a necessidade de perfuracoes em locais onde ja houveram producao. Esses locais, denominados de zonas depletadas, podem acarretar em problemas comumente encontrados que podem impossibilitar o prosseguimento da perfuracao, como prisao de coluna por diferencial de pressao. Para evitar tal problema, adiciona-se um aditivo lubrificante ao fluido de perfuracao base agua, que tem como funcao: aumentar a estabilidade do poco, aumentar a taxa de perfuracao, aumentar a vida util das brocas, entre outros. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver e avaliar o uso de microemulsoes biodegradaveis como aditivo lubrificante de fluido de perfuracao base agua, que possuam caracteristicas semelhantes a um lubrificante comercial. Para obter as microemulsoes foram utilizados agua (com ou sem aditivo) como a fase aquosa, oleo de pinho como a fase oleosa e um tensoativo nao ionico, com uma porcentagem de oleo igual ou maior que a de agua. As microemulsoes foram caracterizadas com testes de potencial zeta, diametro de particula, ponto de turbidez e lubricidade, e posteriormente aditivadas a um fluido de perfuracao base agua do tipo drill in. Estudos de reologia, densidade e ensaio de filtracao foram realizados como forma de caracterizar o fluido de perfuracao reproduzido. A eficiencia das microemulsoes como aditivo lubrificante foi avaliada com testes de lubricidade e prisao de coluna. A caracterizacao das microemulsoes e do fluido apresentaram resultados satisfatorios, dentro dos padroes encontrados na literatura. Nas analises de lubricidade e prisao de coluna, as microemulsoes desenvolvidas se apresentaram eficientes como aditivo lubrificante para o fluido de perfuracao, melhorando em mais de 20% a lubricidade do fluido.

2017
Descripción
LUZIDELSON BARACHO RIBEIRO FERMENTAÇÃO ALCOÓLICA A PARTIR DE CALDOS OZONIZADOS DE DIFERENTES ETAPAS DO PROCESSO DA INDÚSTRIA SUCROALCOOLEIRA Fecha: 31-ago-2017 Hora: 15:00 Mostrar Resumen O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a influencia do sistema de clarificacao de caldo por ozonizacao na fermentacao alcoolica. O trabalho foi realizado em parceria com a usina Monte Alegre S/A. Foram analisados mostos obtidos dos caldos misto, clarificado, evaporado e mel final. A levedura utilizada foi a Fermol Millenium Destiler cepa SC 20. As concentracoes de celulas e substrato utilizadas, foram definidas a partir de um planejamento fatorial com configuracao estrela, onde a partir da avaliacao da superficie de resposta (producao de etanol), optou-se em trabalhar com substratos com 13 ºBrix e 30 g.L-1 de celulas. As amostras foram coletadas em diferentes dias de producao e as fermentacoes conduzidas sob temperatura e agitacao orbital constantes, de 32 ºC e 150 rpm, simulando um processo de fermentacao em batelada simples. O tempo de fermentacao foi de 12 horas, onde amostras foram coletadas a cada 4 horas, para realizacao das analises de acucares redutores e calculo das producoes de etanol. O mosto de mel final foi o que obteve melhor desempenho fermentativo, com uma producao media entre 34,7 e 58,2 g.L-1 de etanol.
FERNANDA DA SILVA OLIVEIRA Desenvolvimento de aplicativo EXCEL/VBA para estimativa de propriedades físicas e termodinâmicas utilizando grupos funcionais Fecha: 31-ago-2017 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Esse trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um aplicativo EXCEL/VBA baseado em contribuicoes de grupos funcionais, capaz de fornecer predicoes das seguintes das propriedades: fisicas (temperatura critica, pressao critica, volume critico, temperatura normal de ebulicao, temperatura de fusao e tensao superficial); termodinamicas do gas ideal (entalpia formacao, energia livre de Gibbs de formacao e coeficientes da equacao polinomial da capacidade calorifica), pressao de vapor e entalpia de vaporizacao; estutura molecular (area e volume de van der Waals) e coeficiente de atividade. Alem disso, o aplicativo desenvolvido, denominado Estimativa de Propriedades por Contribuicao de Grupos Funcionais (EPCGF) permite ao usuario resolver problemas, utilizando o metodo UNIFAC, relacionados com o equilibrio liquido-vapor, tais como: estimativa do coeficiente de atividade a diluicao infinita (utilizado para a verificacao de azeotropia); desvios em relacao a lei de Raoult (positivo e negativo); bolha T, bolha P, orvalho T e orvalho P e varios tipos de flash. O trabalho foi dividido em dez modulos; para cada modulo foi criado: bancos de dados contendo os parametros dos modelos de contribuicao de grupos funcionais, caixas de dialogos para interacao do usuario com o programa e ccodificacoes modulares de subprogramas VBA para as estimativas das propriedades fisicas, termodinamicas, de transporte, estruturas moleculares e problemas relacionados com o equilibrio liquido-vapor; validacoes das varias codificacoes VBA, comparando os resultados fornecidos pelo aplicativo proposto com reportados na literatura mundial. O resultado final do projeto proposto e um aplicativo, para fins educacionais, capaz de fornecer varias predicoes de propriedades fisicas e termodinamicas de forma rapida e com confiabilidade. Alem disso, o aplicativo fornece ao usuario, as facilidades de um programa com aparencia e estrutura de comandos consistentes com todo programa para Windows, tornando-o mais simples a sua utilizacao e aprendizagem.
DANILO FERNANDES QUEIROGA LEITE INFLUÊNCIA DA GLICERINA NA ADSORÇÃO DE TENSOATIVOS EM ARENITOS E NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE PETRÓLEO Fecha: 25-ago-2017 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Ao longo do tempo a producao de petroleo em um reservatorio tende a diminuir, nao so pela reducao do volume de oleo no reservatorio e queda de pressao, mas tambem pela mudanca gradual das propriedades fisico-quimicas do oleo, que dificultam o escoamento do oleo atraves do reservatorio ate o poco, tornando sua producao cada vez mais dificil e onerosa. Devido a suas propriedades fisicas, em diminuir a tensao interfacial agua/oleo os tensoativos tem sido utilizados em recuperacao avancada de petroleo (EOR), sendo sua adsorcao na rocha tao indesejavel quanto inevitavel, pois, a diminuicao de sua concentracao pode implicar numa menor eficiencia do metodo. Por apresentar alta viscosidade e ser um subproduto bastante produzido atualmente, a glicerina tem sido incorporada em diversos processos industriais como na fabricacao de cosmeticos, tintas e lubrificantes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influencia da glicerina na adsorcao e recuperacao de petroleo utilizando um tensoativo ionico, OCSlab e OCScom, obtidos em laboratorio e comercialmente. Foram utilizadas solucoes de tensoativos com e sem glicerina com KCl nos ensaios de adsorcao e recuperacao de petroleo. O adsorvente utilizado foi o arenito, rocha comumente encontrada em reservatorios. O OCScom foi efetivo na recuperacao de petroleo. Com a adicao da glicerina verificou-se uma melhora na mobilidade do oleo, pois esta contribui no aumento da viscosidade, aumentando a eficiencia de varrido. O fator de recuperacao obtido para a solucao de tensoativo OCScom mais glicerina foi satisfatorio, sendo este indicado para uso em EOR por ser um tensoativo de origem vegetal, biodegradavel, de facil obtencao e baixo custo.
RAFAEL FARIAS DE OLIVEIRA ESTUDO DA SECAGEM EM CAMADA DE ESPUMA DO SANGUE BOVINO Fecha: 22-ago-2017 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen O sangue bovino e um material que pode provocar serios danos ao meio ambiente caso seja despejado de forma irregular na natureza, no entanto o sangue constitui um material com potencial de gerar novos produtos, caso seja processado, como a farinha de sangue. Com o objetivo de obter o sangue bovino em po, foi empregada a tecnica de secagem em camada de espuma, a qual o sangue liquido foi transformado em espuma com a adicao de um agente espumante, o Emustab®, e levado para a secagem em estufa. Foi realizada a caracterizacao fisica da espuma do sangue bovino, onde as propriedades: densidade (g/cm³), porcentagem de expansao, capacidade de incorporacao de ar e estabilidade da espuma alem da analise de atividade de agua e proteina do po obtido na secagem. A secagem foi realizada com base nos niveis definidos em um planejamento experimental fatorial completo 2³ + 3 pontos centrais. As variaveis de entrada foram: temperatura (50, 60 e 70°C), concentracao de Emustab® (3, 4,5 e 6%) e tempo de agitacao (5, 7 e 9 min). As variaveis de saida estudadas foram: tempo de secagem (min) e umidade final do produto. A espessura da camada de espuma foi mantida constante em 1,0 cm. Alem da analise estatistica da secagem foi determinado tambem o coeficiente de difusao do material, a atividade de agua e o teor de proteinas do po obtido na secagem. O rendimento do processo de secagem ficou na media de 30% e o tratamento estatistico dos dados da cinetica demonstrou que apenas a temperatura influencia de maneira significativa no tempo de secagem e na umidade final do produto. Com os dados da cinetica foi possivel obter ajustes de modelos matematicos, onde os que apresentaram melhor ajuste foram os de Page; Dois termos Exponencial e Wang e Singh para as tres temperaturas utilizadas, onde seus coeficientes de determinacao ficaram acima de 0,98 e erro padrao da estimativa abaixo de 0,4, sendo Page o melhor modelo dos tres. O material apresentou valores elevados para o coeficiente de difusao, da ordem de 10E-9, valores abaixo de 0,3 para atividade de agua e teores de proteinas superiores a 85%.
DIMITRI ALBUQUERQUE ARAUJO REMOÇÃO DE ÓLEO DA ÁGUA PRODUZIDA POR ADSORÇÃO: ESTUDO DE ADSORVENTES, COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE PROCESSOS E PROPOSIÇÃO DE AUMENTO DE ESCALA Fecha: 28-abr-2017 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen Muito residuos sao gerados na industria petroquimica, dentre os quais destaca-se a agua produzida. Esta deve ser descartada ou reinjetada obedecendo parametros estabelecidos por legislacao. Neste trabalho investigou-se a capacidade adsortiva do bagaco de cana-de-acucar e do carvao ativado comercial na remocao do oleo emulsionado na agua produzida, avaliando as condicoes de operacao em batelada, em leito fixo e propondo um aumento de escala. A morfologia e a organizacao interna do bagaco foram verificadas a partir da difracao de raios-x (DRX) e da microscopia eletronica de varredura (MEV). A estrutura porosa do carvao ativado foi determinada a partir da adsorcao de N2 a 77 K, obtendo a area porosa, a area microporosa, a area superficial externa, o diametro medio poroso e o volume de microporos a partir da metodologia de BET e Langmuir. A metodologia de deteccao do teor de oleos e graxas adotada nao conseguiu quantificar o oleo remanescente nos ensaios envolvendo o bagaco. Para o carvao ativado, isoterma de adsorcao obtida a 25 ºC em banho finito foi estatisticamente significativa para o modelo de Freundlich e indicou um processo adsortivo favoravel. A agua produzida utilizada nos ensaios em coluna apresentou uma concentracao de oleo inicial de 228 mg/L. A curva de ruptura para uma massa de 8,0068 g de carvao ativado foi obtida em uma coluna de vidro de 3,2 cm de diametro interna, de modo a haver uma rapida saturacao do adsorvente. Obteve-se uma capacidade de remocao continua de oleo na ordem de 90 % ate a chegada ao ponto de ruptura. Os modelos de Thomas e de Yoon-Nelson representaram bem a regiao de ruptura. Para uma mesma carga organica, a batelada em um tanque agitado necessitou de uma massa de carvao 9 vezes maior do que o processo em contato continuo. Para a operacao em dois tanques em serie, foi necessaria uma massa 4,4 vezes maior. A partir dos valores do volume de ruptura (VRUP = 13,5 L) e do volume de saturacao da coluna (VSAT = 15,5 L), calculou-se a porcentagem de leito nao utilizada (LUB = 12,9 %), a capacidade adsortiva da coluna (qCOL = 442,34 mg de oleo/g de carvao) e o volume de efluente que poderia ser tratado por dia (VLAB = 209,09 L/dia). A melhor proposicao para aumento de escala, tratar 1000 L/dia de efluente, foi conservar a velocidade superficial e assumir a razao altura do leito-diametro da coluna igual a 20. Isso resultou em uma coluna com 7 cm de diametro, uma altura de leito de 140 cm, um tempo de ruptura de 4,69 dias e uma taxa de consumo de carvao de 0,58 kg/dia.
LEVI GOMES DE OLIVEIRA DESENVOLVIMENTO DE APLICATIVO PARA ESTIMATIVA DE PROPRIEDADES VOLUMÉTRICAS, RESIDUAIS E TERMODINÂMICAS E AVALIAÇÃO DE EQUAÇÕES CÚBICAS DE ESTADO Fecha: 31-mar-2017 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen As propriedades volumétricas, residuais e termodinâmicas são fundamentais para o projeto, avaliação, simulação e otimização de vários equipamentos existentes na indústria química e petroquímica. Estes equipamentos industriais operam através de mudanças nas variáveis primárias (potenciais termodinâmicos), de um estado para outro. Para avaliar as quantidades de calor e de trabalho envolvidas em um determinado processo industrial, o engenheiro químico necessita de dados experimentais das propriedades volumétricas, residuais e termodinâmicas; estas propriedades somente são disponíveis para alguns fluidos comumente utilizados, tais como água, refrigerantes industriais e fluidos criogênicos (fluidos com temperatura normal de ebulição menor que 123,15 K). Atualmente, várias metodologias de cálculos de propriedades volumétricas, residuais e termodinâmicas de substâncias puras e de misturas são utilizadas por programas comerciais, tais como: ASPEN-HYSYS, CHEMCAD, PROSIM, etc. Estes programas caracterizam-se pelo grande investimento inicial para sua aquisição em decorrência de custos de licenciamento do software (fora da realidade da grande maioria das universidades brasileiras, principalmente do Norte-Nordeste) e pela alta complexidade computacional. Evidentemente, o uso eficiente desses programas requer conhecimento da metodologia empregada no aplicativo, a qual não está disponível para o usuário (caixa preta), o que dificulta a sua aplicação para fins educacionais nas disciplinas do curso de Engenharia Química, devido à falta de experiência dos alunos. Diante do exposto, foi proposto o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo EXCEL/VBA capaz de realizar estimativas de propriedades volumétricas, residuais e termodinâmicas a partir das equações cúbicas de estado: van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong, Soave-Redlich-Kwong, Wilson, Peng-Robinson e Patel-Teja. O aplicativo desenvolvido se propõe a realizar tais estimativas de forma simples, eficiente e confiável, tendo sido validado através de dados disponíveis na literatura aberta. A partir do aplicativo realizou-se um estudo acerca do desempenho das equações cúbicas abordadas nesse trabalho. Através do aplicativo é possível realizar o projeto de válvulas e turbinas/expansores utilizando equações cúbicas.
LUCAS MIRANDA FERNANDES VIABILIDADE DE PRODUÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE CERVEJA ARTESANAL COM ACEROLA (MALPIGHIAEMARGINATA DC) Fecha: 31-mar-2017 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen O mercado de cervejas artesanais esta em franco crescimento no Brasil bem como na Paraiba. O consumidor busca cada vez mais qualidade e variedade de estilos, sabores e aromas no ramo cervejeiro. Este trabalho buscou desenvolver uma tecnologia de producao de cerveja artesanal com acrescimo de acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC), uma fruta economicamente importante para o Estado da Paraiba e que possui varias safras durante o ano, viabilizando o uso industrial como adjunto cervejeiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar fisico-quimicamente a acerola e a cerveja produzida, analisar a cinetica fermentativa e realizar analises microbiologica e sensorial para definir a quantidade comercialmente viavel para a producao de cerveja estilo Blond Ale com acerola. Foram feitas duas producoes de 12 L de cerveja com acrescimo de 1000 g (Cerveja 1) e 1500 g (Cerveja 2) de acerola. O avanco fermentativo ocorreu normalmente com a adicao da fruta, que, por sua vez, reduziu o pH das cervejas para 3,46 e 3,42, colaborando com a eficiencia em relacao aos aspectos microbiologicos. A analise sensorial mostrou uma boa aceitacao global das cervejas produzidas. O habito de consumo da maior parte dos provadores foi de cervejas populares, entao a boa aceitacao indica que a cerveja com acerola e leve, refrescante e facil de beber, mesmo sendo mais acida, mais encorpada e mais alcoolica do que as anteriores citadas. Nao houve diferenca estatistica entre a analise sensorial das duas cervejas produzidas, o que permite o uso de menor quantidade da fruta industrialmente sem perda de qualidade para o consumidor.
PAULO CANUTO DE OLIVEIRA NETO PRODUÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO SENSORIAL DE CERVEJA DE TRIGO Fecha: 30-mar-2017 Hora: 15:00 Mostrar Resumen O setor cervejeiro no Brasil esta passando por uma serie de mudancas onde uma nova perspectiva de mercado comeca a ganhar espaco fortemente: as cervejas artesanais. Tal produto e assim designado, por se tratar de uma bebida elaborada a partir de materia-prima selecionada para um publico de paladar mais exigente. Nesse aspecto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi otimizar uma tecnologia de producao de cerveja de trigo e valida-la atraves de escala piloto e analise sensorial afetiva. Este estudo foi realizado em duas etapas: na primeira, estudou-se as melhores condicoes de mosturacao em escala laboratorial a partir de planejamento experimental fatorial 23, com total de 11 experimentos, correlacionando-se a influencia de tres variaveis no processo de producao, a razao entre a quantidade de agua utilizada por quilograma de malte (L/kg), temperatura (°C) e percentual de malte trigo (%). Desse estudo foi obtido como resposta os Acucares Redutores Totais (ART). Tres experimentos (6, 8 e 10) oriundos deste planejamento atingiram os maiores niveis em ART, com valores de 109,485; 118,229 e 111,711 g/L, respectivamente. Estes ensaios foram fermentados e atingiram teores alcoolicos proximos tanto por analise de ebuliometria quanto por HPLC. A partir disso, na segunda etapa do trabalho, o experimento que melhor se adequou a proposta do estudo foi produzido em escala piloto totalizando 300L na cervejaria que produz a marca Vaik, no interior da Paraiba, seguindo posteriormente para analises fisico-quimicas e sensorial, que foi realizada com 72 avaliadores entre homens e mulheres e apresentou aceitacao global masculina de 78% e feminina de 80,6% seguida de intencao de compra de 70,8% e 77,4% respectivamente.

1986
Descripción
MARCUS MEIRA BASTOS apenas para diploma Fecha: 01-ago-1986 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen apenas para diploma