Portal de Programas de Pós-Graduação (UFPB)

PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E SUSTENTABILIDADE (PPGECOS)

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA

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2026
Descripción
ANA BEATRIZ DE MEDEIROS MELO PAST AND PRESENT: THE BUTTERFLY FAUNA OF THE MATA DO BURAQUINHO WILDLIFE REFUGE Asesor : ALESSANDRE PEREIRA COLAVITE Fecha: 27-feb-2026 Hora: 13:30 Mostrar Resumen This dissertation, composed of three chapters, aimed to use historical and current data to understand and describe the butterfly diversity of the Mata do Buraquinho Wildlife Refuge (RVSMB), in João Pessoa - PB. The first chapter consisted of a review of historical data and a current inventory of the butterfly fauna. The main results included the documentation of historical data, an increase in species richness for the area, totaling 352 species, in addition to the observation of changes in the fauna over the different decades. The second chapter investigated the differences in butterfly diversity and composition in different micro-habitats within the RVSMB. The analyses identified significant differences in diversity and composition between environments, suggesting that distinct spaces within the RVSMB support different species. Finally, the third chapter consisted of the development of a butterfly guide for the area, resulting in a 98-page material containing general information about the area, the butterflies, their families, and a pictorial guide featuring most of the species found in the RVSMB. Thus, the data obtained throughout this work highlight both the importance of using data from entomological collections and field collections to make a more robust assessment of the fauna of a given area, and also demonstrated the importance of environmental heterogeneity in remnants for the conservation of different species. Meanwhile, the guide constitutes a didactic and scientific tool that will contribute to environmental education actions and the promotion of environmental conservation.
ELAINE BELARMINO DA SILVA Buffer Zones for Conservation Units and Criteria for their Delineation: A Proposal for the Area of Relevant Ecological Interest, Mangroves of the Mouth of the Mamanguape River Fecha: 27-feb-2026 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Buffer zones are essential instruments for reducing anthropogenic impacts and maintaining ecological processes in protected areas, especially in coastal and marine environments subject to intense socio-environmental pressures. In this context, this dissertation aimed to evaluate the theoretical and methodological foundations related to the delimitation of buffer zones in protected areas, with emphasis on coastal and marine settings, as well as to analyze the technical and environmental feasibility of a new delimitation for the Manguezais da Foz do Rio Mamanguape Area of Relevant Ecological Interest. The research was structured into three complementary manuscripts. The first analyzed the international literature regarding the criteria used to delimit buffer zones in protected areas. The second examined the criteria adopted in management plans of Brazilian federal protected areas in coastal and marine environments, seeking to identify patterns and methodological gaps. The third applied spatial multicriteria analysis within a Geographic Information System environment, integrating land use and land cover, vegetation index, slope, and hydrological units through the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Weighted Linear Combination, resulting in the development of an environmental conservation priority map and the proposal of a buffer zone for the study area. The results revealed a diversity of criteria, highlighting the relevance of hydrological connectivity, vegetation cover, and anthropogenic pressures in delimiting these zones. The proposed buffer zone expands the protection of strategic areas, including springs, adjacent microbasins, and ecologically relevant marine environments, strengthening the ecological coherence of the protected area and demonstrating the potential of multicriteria analysis as a tool to support territorial planning and environmental management.

2025
Descripción
NATHALIA UBALDO FERRETTI CISNEROS Diversidade taxonômica do fungo Ophiocordyceps no Brasil Fecha: 11-dic-2025 Hora: 15:00 Mostrar Resumen Brazil has a vast territory rich in biodiversity, encompassing different phytogeographic domains, suitable for various organisms, including fungi of the genus Ophiocordyceps and several of their hosts. Despite the growing interest in the zombie ant group, studies on its ecology and distribution in the country reflect the lack of information observed in other regions of the globe, with scattered data on the distribution and range of its hosts. There is a gap in knowledge about the spatial relationship between the distribution of species richness of the genus and the distribution of host species richness in the country. To clarify this issue, this work was conducted focusing on spatial modeling of the potential distribution of species of the group and their hosts in Brazil. For this purpose, the geographic boundary of the Brazilian territory was used in shapefile format, previously obtained and processed in the R environment; the geographic coordinate system used in the geographic projection was SAD69 (EPSG:4618); and the occurrences of fungal species and hosts were extracted from a spreadsheet with georeferenced records, through an extensive bibliographic review. According to the main results of the analyses, the spatial distribution of hosts directly and indirectly affects the spatial distribution of Ophiocordyceps species in Brazil. Species richness is influenced, presumably due to factors related to the host. This dependence indicates a long process of co-evolution between the organisms involved, distributed in different regions. This study presents a new perspective on the distribution of the group and reinforces the need for studies on its hosts.
MYRELLA MACHADO BERNARDES EFFECTS OF ACTIVE VEGETATION RESTORATION ON THE BIRD COMMUNITY OF GRASSLAND FORMATIONS IN THE CERRADO BIOME: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CHAPADA DOS VEADEIROS NATIONAL PARK, BRAZIL Fecha: 28-nov-2025 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Ecological restoration has become a fundamental strategy to reverse environmental degradation and promote biodiversity conservation across terrestrial ecosystems. However, the effectiveness of restoration actions for avifauna varies among biomes, methods, and temporal scales. This dissertation, composed of two complementary chapters, aimed to evaluate the effects of ecological restoration on bird populations and communities, integrating a global synthesis with an empirical approach in grassland ecosystems of the Brazilian Cerrado. The first chapter presents an integrative review of 192 studies conducted in 37 countries, encompassing forests, savannas, and wetlands. Results showed that 81.3% of the studies reported positive effects of restoration on birds, with increases in species richness, abundance, and similarity to reference habitats. Active restoration and the use of native vegetation were the main factors associated with ecological success, although full convergence with natural communities depends on restoration age and structural heterogeneity. The synthesis also revealed major geographical gaps, particularly the underrepresentation of tropical biomes. The second chapter empirically assessed the effects of active vegetation restoration on grassland bird communities in Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Goiás, comparing native, exotic, and restored areas at different stages of recovery. Bird surveys, conducted through point counts, indicated that active restoration promotes the reassembly of bird communities and the return of species typical of native grasslands, although community composition still differs from reference sites. Overall, the findings demonstrate that active restoration is an effective tool for recovering grassland avifauna and advancing biodiversity conservation. The combined results highlight the importance of restoration strategies based on native species, long-term monitoring, and control of invasive grasses to ensure the ecological integrity and sustainability of restoration efforts in the Cerrado biome.
RODRIGO RAFAEL MAIA BIRDS OF THE ATLANTIC FOREST AS INDICATORS OF PRIORITY AREAS FOR CONSERVATION IN THE BUFFER ZONE OF THE GUARIBAS BIOLOGICAL RESERVE Fecha: 27-nov-2025 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen The intensification of human activity in the Atlantic Forest biome has promoted strong forest fragmentation. For endemic and endangered species, especially insectivorous ones, the ability to use these fragments is crucial for their persistence. Thus, evaluating the response of these species in fragmented landscapes can support the definition and revision of Buffer Zones (BZ) of Conservation Units (CU). In this context, the present study aimed to identify priority forest fragments for conservation in the BZ of the Guaribas Biological Reserve (REBIO Guaribas), between Mamanguape and Rio Tinto (PB), based on the occurrence of Hemitriccus griseipectus naumburgae, Momotus momota marcgravianus, Xenops minutus alagoanus, and Xiphorhynchus atlanticus. The REBIO (Biological Reserve) is composed of three main areas: SEMA 1 (673.64 ha), SEMA 2 (3,016.09 ha), and SEMA 3 (338.82 ha). For the study, nine forest fragments were sampled, with SEMA 2 as the reference fragment and eight target fragments: SEMA 3, Bica do Sertãozinho, Rio Vermelho 1, Rio Vermelho 2, Rio Vermelho 3, Vila Regina, Zumbi 1, and Zumbi 2. Of these, Bica do Sertãozinho and Vila Regina are located outside the formal boundaries of the ZA (Zone of Access). Sampling was carried out using playback at 47 georeferenced points, spaced every 200 m, with repetitions in November 2024, January 2025, and March 2025, always between 5:00 AM and 9:30 AM. Each species was subjected to 78 tests, totaling 312 tests and 52 recorded responses. The data were analyzed using hierarchical clustering (PAST software) and GLM models (R software), considering distance to the reference fragment, total area, percentage of core area and shape index. The clustering revealed two groups: the first formed by Rio Vermelho 3, Vila Regina, Bica do Sertãozinho, Zumbi 1, Zumbi 2, and Rio Vermelho 2; the second by SEMA 3, Rio Vermelho 1, and SEMA 2, reflecting greater ecological proximity. The co-phenetic coefficient (0.8164) confirmed the fidelity of the dendrogram. Among the fragments, Rio Vermelho 1 stood out as a priority for conservation. The GLM model indicated significance (p < 0.05) for two landscape metrics: total fragment area (≥ 100 ha) and percentage of core area (> 50%). Fragments with these attributes showed higher bird response rates. The fragments with the highest number of responses were: SEMA 3 (three specialists; n=7), Rio Vermelho 1 (two specialists and one generalist; n=8), Rio Vermelho 2 (two specialists; n=3), Rio Vermelho 3 (one specialist and one generalist; n=6), and Vila Regina (one generalist; n=5). These fragments demonstrate the presence of subpopulations and should be considered priorities for conservation. Among them, SEMA 3, and the Rio Vermelho 1, 2, and 3 fragments are already part of the buffer zone of the Guaribas Biological Reserve. Of the fragments outside the buffer zone, Vila Regina is the only one that presented sufficient evidence for inclusion recommendation.
JESSYCA JANYNY DE OLIVEIRA SARAIVA MAIA CONFIGURATIONAL FRAGILITY AND SPATIAL RESILIENCE RELATIONSHIPS IN AN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHED Fecha: 26-nov-2025 Hora: 14:15 Mostrar Resumen The spatial reorganization of landscapes in agro-pastoral basins affects ecological stability by altering patterns of fragmentation, connectivity, and composition. This study evaluated how the surroundings of natural forest fragments and topological connectivity across multiple scales are associated with configurational landscape fragility in the Mamanguape River Basin, Paraíba, Brazil. We used MapBiomas data (2024), structural metrics (area, shape, and core area), and topological connectivity metrics (dIIC, Degree, and Betweenness), analyzed from the perspective of the biomes present in the basin. Configurational fragility was synthesized into a composite index (IFC) and modeled using GAMs incorporating surrounding-landscape variables at multiple scales (0500, 5001000, and 10005000 m). The results revealed a highly fragmented landscape, with 80% of fragments smaller than 1 ha and more than 95% classified within critical fragility sublevels. Significant core areas emerged only in fragments larger than 2 ha with regular shapes, suggesting a minimum threshold for forest interior conditions. Multiscale connectivity showed a strong concentration of dIIC in a few key fragments particularly mangroves and Atlantic Forest formationswhile most of the network exhibited near-zero connective contribution. Additive models indicated that the IFC is explained primarily by connectivity metrics (p < 0.001), with non-linear effects and scale-dependent changes. The proportion of forest in the surrounding landscape reduced fragility up to an approximate 50% threshold, above which the IFC increased again, suggesting configurational transitions associated with structural saturation. Overall, the Mamanguape River Basin exhibits low spatial cohesion and limited spatial resilience. These patterns underscore the need for conservation strategies focused on expanding core areas, maintaining key fragments, and restoring structural connectivity across multiple scales.
LETÍCIA NUNES REZENDE THREATS TO THE CONSERVATION OF SNAKES IN THE CAATINGA OF PARAÍBA Fecha: 26-nov-2025 Hora: 08:30 Mostrar Resumen Despite advances in knowledge about snake diversity in the Caatinga, there is still a gap regarding the vulnerability of species in the Paraíba Caatinga, a region strongly affected by habitat fragmentation and human activities. This study aimed to identify the extinction vulnerability of snakes inhabiting this area of northeastern Brazil. A total of 49 species were evaluated based on 12 factors affecting population survival, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis were used to assess how species are grouped according to their similarity in specific threats. The results indicated that about 29% of the species show no risk of extinction, while approximately 71% fall into some degree of threat. Factors related to geographic distribution were the most influential in determining vulnerability, and most species have restricted ranges and are considered rare. This study provides the first detailed assessment of the extinction vulnerability of snakes from the Paraíba Caatinga, highlighting the urgent need for conservation measures.
ÉLIDA FRANCISCO DA SILVA ECOMORPHOLOGY OF A SNAKE TAXOCENE IN AN ATLANTIC FOREST AREA Fecha: 25-nov-2025 Hora: 08:30 Mostrar Resumen Understanding the factors that shape snake morphology is essential to elucidate their ecological roles, adaptive processes, and evolutionary history. This dissertation addresses snake morphological diversity from two complementary perspectives: a global systematic review and an ecomorphological analysis applied to a local snake community in the Atlantic Forest. In the first chapter, 134 studies published between 1971 and 2023 were analyzed to identify the main biotic and abiotic factors associated with morphological variation in snakes. Using the PICOS strategy and PRISMA protocol, studies were screened across three databases, resulting in the inclusion of 318 species from 34 countries. The results showed that diet, habitat, and behavior are the main determinants of morphological variation, particularly in traits such as snoutvent length, head dimensions, tail length, and eye diameter. Environmental and geographical influences, such as temperature and geographic isolation, were also identified, alongside regional and thematic gaps in the literature, highlighting the need for more studies in tropical regions and with more diverse morphometric approaches. In the second chapter, the influence of phylogeny and ecology on the ecomorphological structure of a snake community from the northern coast of Paraíba, within the Atlantic Forest biome, was investigated. Thirty-nine species from six families were analyzed using morphometric, ecological, and phylogenetic data obtained from scientific collections and specialized literature. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) revealed broad morphological variation among species, without the formation of distinct functional groups, highlighting differences associated with tail length, eye diameter, and body robustness. Phylogenetic Principal Component Analysis (pPCA) indicated that phylogeny explained the largest proportion of morphological variation, while local ecological factors had a secondary influence.
CÁSSIO ROBERTO PEREIRA FEITOSA RIBEIRO The economic rationality as a reference point for engaging actors within the educational community regarding sustainability Fecha: 24-nov-2025 Hora: 07:30 Mostrar Resumen Higher education institutions (HEIs) have been seeking to align their actions with the perspective of sustainability. Environmental economics provides a consistent conceptual framework that explores how the premises of economic rationality (allocative efficiency, supply and demand function, cost-effectiveness, willingness to pay and receive, etc.), within the perspective of continuous pursuit by economic agents for satisfaction maximization (utility), influence each individual in directing their decisions, as well as governmental entities in designing environmental policies. The project includes conducting exploratory, qualitative, and descriptive research based on direct surveys among a sample of members from the educational community of UFPB, aiming to achieve a deeper understanding of the set of beliefs and values shared by these actors regarding sustainability.. The interpretation of the research results will draw upon theoretical frameworks presented in the field of Environmental Economics, coupled with concepts from behavioral economics, economic psychology, and decision theory, to support overcoming individual predispositions of each subject, enabling them to position themselves more independently and autonomously in their decision-making processes. These elements are to be explored as a reference for the establishment of educational intervention programs focusing on encouraging the adherence of UFPB's educational community members towards sustainability.
JACQUELINE COSTA ALDABALDE FISH CONSUMPTION BY ANTILLEAN MANATEES (Trichechus manatus): OPPORTUNISTIC CONDITION OR NEW FEEDING PATTERNS? Fecha: 18-nov-2025 Hora: 13:30 Mostrar Resumen The Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus) are traditionally described as herbivores, feeding predominantly on aquatic plants such as Halodule wrightii, macroalgae, and mangrove leaves. However, recent records have shown the consumption of fish entangled in fishing nets by manatees. Therefore, this study aimed to identify, describe, and understand fish consumption by Antillean manatees in Brazil. The activities were carried out in the states of Paraíba, Bahia, and Sergipe, using an integrated approach that combined quantitative and qualitative data. Fishing simulations with artisanal nets (taineira and sauneira) were conducted in areas used by both reintroduced and native manatees; interviews were held with 75 artisanal fishers; reintroduced animals were monitored; and fecal sample analyses and post-mortem (necropsy) evaluations were performed. The results showed that two females (Zelinha and Mel) and one male calf (Favo) actively explored the nets, chewing and consuming sardines (Cetengraulis edentulus and Harengula jaguana) and mojarras (Eucinostomus spp.). In the interviews, 86.7% of the fishers reported interactions between manatees and fishing nets, mainly sauneira and taineira, associated with the consumption of sardine and mullet. Monitoring totaled 1,714 hours, recording four interactions between reintroduced animals and fishing nets. Among the 45 fecal samples analyzed, none contained fish fragments, but six showed fragments of nylon and rope. In the gastroenteric contents of one necropsied specimen, fragments of fish and shrimp were found. These findings allowed us to describe how fish consumption occurs among manatees and demonstrated that these interactions are not isolated events, but rather opportunistic behaviors, possibly resulting from learned experiences over time. Fishers reported damages to fishing gear, as well as loss of time and resources required for repairs, which may intensify socio-environmental conflicts. These findings highlight the importance of integrating local ecological knowledge with scientific monitoring and management strategies for the conservation of the Antillean manatee in Brazil.
HILLARY BATISTA DO NASCIMENTO PRIORITIZING AREAS SUITABLE FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE LOBSTER Panulirus laevicauda IN DIFFERENT CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS. Asesor : PABLO RIUL Fecha: 29-ago-2025 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Climate change has been affecting global biodiversity, causing species to adapt to new conditions, change their distribution, or become extinct. Since the 1970s, global temperatures have been rising, and this warming is expected to continue until the end of the century. Several negative impacts have already been documented as threatening biodiversity, and are predicted to cause changes in the distribution of various species toward the poles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental factors that influence the habitat suitability of the spiny lobster Panulirus laevicauda in Brazil, a species of great economic and ecological importance. Through ecological niche modeling, the main predictor variables for the distribution of this species were identified, including minimum sea floor depth, minimum salinity, minimum dissolved oxygen, and minimum water temperature. The selected model showed excellent predictive performance, with a training AUC of 0.83 and a low difference between the training and evaluation stages. Future projections based on climate scenarios indicate a possible reduction in the suitability of the species' habitat, especially in northern and northeastern Brazil. And the spatial prioritization analysis indicated high-priority areas in locations that do not coincide with zones of intensive fishing activity, which favors the sustainability of fishing. These results highlight the urgent need for regional management and conservation strategies that integrate the impacts of climate change, ensuring the protection of this economically important species.
RAYLLANY JULIETE GALVAO DE LIMA PARTICIPATORY MAPPING OF THE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN SUSTAINABLE USE CONSERVATION UNITS ON THE NORTHERN COAST OF PARAÍBA Asesor : NADJACLEIA VILAR ALMEIDA Fecha: 28-ago-2025 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen The first article is an integrative literature review that highlights the benefits of participatory mapping, such as strengthening cultural identity and socio-environmental rights. It emphasizes the importance of community participation combined with proper environmental planning and the integration of technical and traditional knowledge. Selection criteria were established to ensure the relevance of the chosen articles, using the online tool Rayyan - Intelligent Systematic Review. An initial screening of titles and abstracts was followed by a full-text analysis of the articles. The study evidenced that participatory mapping enhances both cultural and socio-environmental identity in communities and proves to be an effective tool for environmental planning and territorial management policies. The second article investigates natural resource use in communities characterized by diverse socioeconomic configurations that influence local dynamics. Using a participatory mapping methodology, it is possible to develop territorial protection guidelines and support decision-making processes based on the communitys own perspective of their locality. The study was divided into two stages: the first involved a questionnaire using KoboToolbox software to characterize resource uses within the communities. The second stage was a participatory mapping workshop where residents marked on a map-image the locations of natural resource use in their community. Content analysis was then applied to organize and interpret the data, followed by mapping in a lab using free GIS software. In the Tavares community, practices highlighted agricultural cultivation mainly for self-consumption. The study revealed both potentials and challenges as identified by community members during the questionnaire and mapping workshop. In the Camurupim village, 80% of respondents affirmed that natural resource use activities are directed towards family subsistence. The data reflect the socioeconomic variability within the community.
JORGE HENRIQUE CIRILO DA SILVA THE ANTHROPIC EFFECT OF LANDSCAPE CHANGE ON THE TAXONOMIC, PHYLOGENETIC AND FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF CAATINGA BIRDS Fecha: 29-may-2025 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen The distribution of taxonomic (TD), phylogenetic (PD) and functional (FD) diversity is determined by historical, anthropogenic and environmental factors. In semiarid regions, diversity can present generalized patterns in response to anthropogenic changes. In this sense, this study investigated the effect of anthropogenic changes in the landscape associated with Land Use and Cover on the different dimensions of bird diversity in the Caatinga, a highly biodiverse semiarid region, but intensely pressured by anthropogenic activities. For this, occurrence data, functional attributes and phylogenetic relationships were used to calculate the TD, PD and FD indices, distributed in a grid with 0.1° latitude/longitude cells. Habitat quality and degradation were quantified through the InVEST Habitat Quality Model, based on Land Use and Cover data available in MapBiomas. The analyses included Spearman correlation, Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Mean Percentage Overlap (MPO). The results revealed that diversity is heterogeneously distributed in the Caatinga, with higher rates in the south and southwest. Habitat quality and degradation are directly associated with land use and cover, where degradation negatively affected diversity, and quality had a positive effect only on FD. Federal Conservation Units presented high environmental quality, but did not present higher diversity compared to unprotected areas. The association between diversity indices and habitat allowed the identification of priority areas for conservation. Therefore, it is considered that there is an interdependence between the dimensions of diversity, where habitat degradation caused by anthropogenic factors negatively impacts its distribution, indicating the need for integrated protection, considering areas with high levels of diversity and high environmental quality.
RAFAELLA SILVA LEAL LANDSCAPE AND HYDROGRAPHY RESPONSES AND TRENDS TO ANTHROPOGENIC ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES Fecha: 19-may-2025 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Land use and land cover changes, intensified by anthropogenic pressures, have accelerated erosion and sedimentation processes in water bodies across various watersheds worldwide. In Brazil, this reality is evident in the São Francisco River Basin, especially in its lower course. Agricultural expansion, forest fragmentation, and flow regulation by the Xingó Reservoir have compromised the hydro-sedimentological and environmental balance. Given this context, the present research aims to identify priority areas for environmental conservation in the Lower São Francisco region, based on sediment contribution, using future land use projections generated through the MOLUSCE plugin integrated with the SWAT+ hydrological model. In the first manuscript, spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and land cover were evaluated, simulating future scenarios up to 2040. The results indicate a trend of pastureland expansion and native vegetation loss. In the second article, the impacts of sediment production and transport were analyzed using the SWAT+ model, highlighting the Ipanema, Perucaba, and Traipú tributaries as the most significant sediment sources to the main river course. Soil susceptibility and vegetation loss were major contributors to these processes; however, forest reconnection in sloped areas contributed to reducing erosion within the Landscape Spatial Units (LSUs). The study demonstrated the importance of integrated approaches between landscape analysis and hydrological modeling as a guiding tool for monitoring, conservation, and environmental planning actions in the Lower São Francisco.
TARCIANA DO NASCIMENTO RIBEIRO EVALUATION OF THE PERCEPTION ABOUT THE CONSERVATION OF SEA TURTLES BY STUDENTS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF MATARACA-PB. Fecha: 06-may-2025 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Urban growth combined with environmental impacts has been causing habitat destruction and threatening sea turtle populations, even with the existence of activities aimed at protecting these species. The main impacting factors are linked to the development of coastal areas, which have negative effects, putting populations at risk of extinction, and thus threatening the balance of the ecosystem, mainly due to the role played by sea turtles through their ecological functions that contribute to the health and maintenance of reef environments, estuaries and sandy beaches. Environmental education plays an important role in raising awareness among future generations about nature conservation. Environmental education practices in schools allowed students to develop creative potential regarding nature preservation, through a new transformative awareness that shows students the importance of environmental preservation. Given this scenario, the present study proposes to meet biodiversity conservation measures through the assessment of students' environmental perception at school using questionnaires. The target audience for the research is students who will have access to educational practices on the conservation and preservation of sea turtles. Educational analyses target the positive effects of schools that participated in environmental education, conservation, and sea turtle monitoring practices. The Environmental Education process developed in schools achieves its objectives and manages to increase people's interest in environmental issues, and thus makes it possible to achieve results capable of raising awareness among students.
TAIS EDUARDA DA CONCEICAO BIODIVERSITY AND SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF OPHIUROIDEA (ECHINODERMATA) ASSOCIATED WITH RHODOLITHS (RHODOPHYTA: CORALLINACEAE) IN TROPICAL COASTAL REEFS (7°S; BRAZIL) Fecha: 31-mar-2025 Hora: 08:00 Mostrar Resumen Biodiversity is the result of millions of years of biological evolution and is a component of our planet's life support system. It can be described as the variety found among living organisms, encompassing genetic and structural differences both within and between species, and is a potential indicator of high levels of natural resources and balance of physical, chemical and biological components. The class Ophiuroidea (from the Greek ophis = snake and oura = tail) is the most recent, diverse and abundant group of the phylum Echinodermata. Ophiuroids are important components of benthic communities in the world's oceans due to their high species richness, abundance and biomass. Rhodoliths are a fundamental part of the flow of energy and matter, and for the maintenance of marine biodiversity, and are often considered biodiversity hotspots because they provide a three-dimensional scenario establishing a consolidated substrate for other algae and invertebrates. The study was carried out on two reefs, one of which is located at the tip of Cabo Branco (7°08'54"S; 34°47'45"W); and the second at Formosa beach (6°58'51"S; 34°49'39"W), both in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Collections were carried out monthly over the course of one year, between March 2023 and February 2024 at both sites. A total of 545 rhodoliths from Ponta do Cabo Branco and 1,019 rhodoliths from Formosa were screened and analyzed, for a total of 1,564. A total of 139 ophiuroids were found at Ponta de Cabo Branco and 710 ophiuroids at Formosa, totaling 849 individuals, identified in eight genera and nine species. This study highlights the importance of conserving rhodolith beds in the tropical Southwest Atlantic, which are essential for the structure and dynamics of ophiuroid communities. Preserving these habitats is crucial for the sustainability of tropical reefs, especially in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures and environmental changes.
LAINE DA SILVA OLIVEIRA The Microbiota of Members of the Triatoma brasiliensis Complex Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing Fecha: 31-ene-2025 Hora: 15:00 Mostrar Resumen This study investigated the diversity and composition of bacterial communities associated with four vector species of Chagas disease from the Triatoma brasiliensis complex. Samples were collected from different geographical regions, comparing T. melanica (n=2) and T. sherlocki (n=2) from Bahia with T. brasiliensis (n=4) and T. petrocchiae (n=3) from Rio Grande do Norte. Whole Genome Shotgun sequencing generated libraries with over 18 million 150 bp reads per sample, processed for taxonomic assignment using the MEGAN6 workflow. The bacterial read counts revealed significant heterogeneity among groups. T. melanica showed the highest mean read count (194,500) and richness ranging from 103 to 286, with Shannon indices between 4.87 and 5.26 and Simpson indices around 0.93. Fifty-seven exclusive families were identified, including Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae. T. sherlocki had a mean read count of 66,864, richness of 49 to 83, Shannon indices between 4.31 and 4.73, and Simpson indices between 0.91 and 0.93, with four exclusive families, such as Entotheonellaceae. Conversely, T. brasiliensis showed the lowest diversity (mean of 34,995 reads, richness of 21 to 45, Shannon < 3.88, and Simpson < 0.88), reflecting lower ecological complexity, potentially associated with anthropized habitats. Eight exclusive families were identified, including Frankiaceae and Chlamydiaceae. T. petrocchiae displayed intermediate characteristics, with a mean read count of 69,598, richness of 59 to 84, Shannon indices between 4.03 and 4.64, and Simpson indices between 0.85 and 0.93, with five exclusive families, such as Planococcaceae. Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated significant differences among groups for richness, Shannon, and Simpson indices (p < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons highlighted substantial differences between T. brasiliensis and the T. melanica/T. sherlocki group. PERMANOVA analysis confirmed these differences, and PCoA revealed that T. melanica/T. sherlocki formed a cohesive cluster, while T. petrocchiae exhibited intermediate characteristics, suggesting shared bacterial composition between extremes. At least 20 medically relevant bacteria were cataloged in this study, distributed across the four groups. Notable examples include Klebsiella pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia abortus, Campylobacter fetus, Salmonella enterica, and Mycobacterium sp., emphasizing the importance of such studies for xenovigilance strategies and the need for further investigations into public health risks. These findings indicate that geographical and ecological factors influence the bacterial diversity and composition within the T. brasiliensis complex, highlighting the role of these vectors as microbiological sentinels in diverse ecosystems.
ANDREZA DA SILVA FERNANDES DIVERSITY, ABUNDANCE AND DYNAMICS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE PLANKTON CNIDARIAN COMMUNITY OF THE SANTOS ESTUARY (SP) AT DIFFERENT TEMPORAL SCALES Fecha: 31-ene-2025 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen The estuary of Santos Bay, impacted by human activities due to the presence of the largest port in Latin America and because it is an important tourist region in the state of São Paulo, has great ecological relevance. Understanding how environmental variables such as temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen influence the planktonic cnidarian community is crucial to mitigate environmental impacts. This pioneering study, conducted from May 2013 to October 2014, studied the composition and structure of the planktonic cnidarian community, with a detailed temporal focus, including collections during the rising and falling tides and monthly samples throughout the period, totaling 396 samples. The research revealed Clytia spp. as the dominant taxon, in contrast to other subtropical estuaries where Liriope tetraphylla predominates. In addition, species such as Malagazzia carolinae, Aglauropsis kawari, Turritopsis nutricula and Stauridiosarsia reesi were among the most dominant, which are not commonly observed, were also present. The observed salinity was lower compared to nearby estuaries, such as Babitonga Bay, Paranguá Bay and Cananéia. During 2013, salinity values were even lower than in 2014, and the highest abundance of planktonic cnidarians occurred in that year. The research also identified that planktonic cnidarian species did not exhibit seasonal patterns, with peaks in abundance observed in atypical seasons. The presence of these organisms in high densities can cause significant changes in zooplankton communities, making it essential to monitor the composition of species in the estuary to better understand local ecological dynamics and contribute to the sustainable management of this highly affected area
ADRIANO SOARES DA SILVA DETECTION OF DENGUE VIRUS (DENV) IN CULICIDAE OF THE GENUS AEDES AND CULEX IN TWO ATLANTIC FOREST FRAGMENTS OF THE GUARIBAS BIOLOGICAL RESERVE, PARAÍBA Asesor : ELAINE FOLLY RAMOS Fecha: 20-ene-2025 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen The Culicidae family, which includes mosquitoes, is of great relevance to public health, as the Aedes and Culex genera are associated with the transmission of several pathogens, including arboviruses, especially the dengue virus. In the Guaribas Biological Reserve, there were no previous records of the circulation of the dengue virus, nor of the identification of potential vectors. This study aimed to investigate the presence of dengue virus serotypes in mosquitoes of the Aedes and Culex genera in two Atlantic Forest fragments of the reserve, SEMA II and SEMA III. Mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps and suction devices. After screening and identification, the specimens had their viral RNA extracted and analyzed by RT-qPCR using the IBMP Biomol ZDC kit, which detects the Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya viruses. In total, 763 individuals were collected, 319 in SEMA II and 444 in SEMA III. The most frequent species were Aedes albopictus, Aedes scapularis, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex sp,. Species of the genus Aedes were more abundant in SEMA III, while those of the genus Culex prevailed in SEMA II. Viral detection analysis identified all four dengue virus serotypes in both areas, with 45% of pools positive for SEMA II and 42% for SEMA III. There was no significant difference between the fragments regarding viral circulation. The study concluded that dengue virus serotypes circulate in the Guaribas Biological Reserve in mosquitoes of the Aedes and Culex genera, both with vector potential. The preservation of these fragments of Atlantic Forest is essential to control the spread of vectors with epidemiological impact, taking into account that they are areas used as habitat for these species.
MATHEUS AUGUSTO DO NASCIMENTO CANOPY FLY FAUNA IN AN URBAN TROPICAL FOREST Asesor : ALESSANDRE PEREIRA COLAVITE Fecha: 17-ene-2025 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Flies (Diptera: Brachycera) represent a highly diverse group with a wide range of trophic habits, essential for many ecosystems, especially in tropical environments. Despite their ecological importance, most species remain undescribed, and information on fly communities in tropical canopies is scarce. These complex, dynamic, and poorly explored habitats present significant knowledge gaps, particularly in the Neotropical region and the Atlantic Forest biome, both highly threatened by urbanization and environmental degradation. This study investigated the diversity of canopy flies in urban fragments of the Atlantic Forest located in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Collections were conducted between September 2023 and February 2024 using the fogging technique with pyrethroid insecticide, allowing access to the canopy fauna, a challenging environment for sampling. The objective was to characterize the species richness, abundance, and trophic guilds of the collected flies, as well as to evaluate community variation across different urban forest plots. A total of 1,758 individuals, representing 30 families and 237 species, were collected. The richest families in terms of species were Tachinidae, Chloropidae, Lauxaniidae, Drosophilidae, and Dolichopodidae. Flies were associated with eight trophic guilds, with fungivores being the most abundant (39.58%), followed by predators (18.34%) and parasitoids (11.33%). The results reinforce the relevance of urban Atlantic Forest fragments in maintaining biodiversity and supporting functional communities. This work contributes to the understanding of the ecology of canopy flies in tropical forests, addressing a neglected aspect of biodiversity with a focus on the importance of these habitats in the Neotropical region. Additionally, it highlights the efficiency of fogging as a method to expand knowledge about poorly explored faunas.

2024
Descripción
NIARA ISIS PEREIRA DE OLIVEIRA DETECTION OF ZIKA VIRUS (ZIKV) AND CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS (CHIKV) CIRCULATING IN AEDES AND CULEX VECTORS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN THE GUARIBAS BIOLOGICAL RESERVE, NORTHERN COAST OF PARAÍBA, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL Fecha: 30-dic-2024 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Zika Virus (ZIKV), belonging to the genus Flavivirus, and Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV), classified as an Alphavirus, are pathogens transmitted to humans and other animals through the bites of arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes. Arboviruses are one of the major public health problems in Brazil and worldwide. Despite their importance, there are few molecular identification studies on ZIKV and CHIKV circulating in mosquitoes in the state of Paraíba. Virological surveillance of arboviruses circulating in wild and urban regions can assist in promoting health protection for vulnerable populations, including Indigenous communities located on the Northern coast of Paraíba. This study aimed to detect ZIKV and CHIKV in mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Culex captured in the Guaribas Biological Reserve, specifically in SEMA II and III, located on the Northern coast of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. For arthropod collection, CDC light traps, suction traps, and active capture methods were employed. After collection, mosquitoes were identified and organized into pools. RNA extraction was performed using an in house protocol. For the detection of ZIKV, two methods were used: conventional RTPCR and RT-PCR using molecular probes. The most abundant species in the SEMAs were Aedes scapularis, Aedes albopictus, and Culex. The presence of arboviruses ZIKV and CHIKV was not observed using conventional RT-PCR techniques. However, ZIKV and CHIKV were detected using the RT-PCR protocol with probes. In total, the presence of ZIKV was observed in two pools of Aedes scapularis from SEMA III and one pool of Culex from SEMA II. Additionally, CHIKV was detected in two pools of Culex, one from SEMA II and another from SEMA III. The results identified Aedes scapularis as the predominant species in the Guaribas Biological Reserve, with the genus Culex also presenting high abundance, followed by Aedes albopictus. The occurrence of Aedes aegypti was rare. These findings reinforce the importance of virological monitoring of vectors in forest and peri-urban areas, particularly in scenarios of anthropogenic disturbances and urban expansion. The early detection of pathogens in mosquitoes represents a crucial tool for implementing preventive and effective measures, contributing to reducing impacts on the population and healthcare costs.
ALINE RIVAMARA NUNES VICTOR FOREST STRUCTURE AND ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS OF THE BARRA DE MAMANGUAPE MANGROVES, PARAÍBA, BRAZIL Fecha: 20-dic-2024 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen Studies about Forest Structure and Aboveground Biomass of mangroves are essential for establishing effective conservation goals, especially due to the current climate crisis and anthropogenic impacts on the ecosystems. Therefore, this study evaluated the Forest Structure and Aboveground Biomass of the mangroves of Barra do Rio Mamanguape, located in Paraíba, Brazil. 36 plots were sampled, distributed in the high, middle and low regions of the Estuary, considering coastal and inland forests. Structural parameters, such as density of living and dead trees, trees trunk diameter (DBH), basal area, height and aboveground biomass, were evaluated using specific protocols and allometric models, in addition to being subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that Rhizophora mangle was the dominant species, representing 70.5% of living individuals, while aerial biomass reached a maximum value of 353.5 Mg/ha in the high estuary fringe. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant statistical differences for aboveground biomass in relation to region and the "region x forest" interaction, with a marginal effect for forest type. In the basal area, the factors "region", "forest" and their interaction also had a significant influence. For the other parameters (density, DBH and height), the differences between regions and forest types were not significant. The results confirm the relevance of these ecosystems in carbon sequestration and climate regulation, highlighting the structural heterogeneity along the estuarine gradient. The predominance of Rhizophora mangle reflects its high adaptability to local conditions. This study reinforces the importance of mangroves as carbon sinks and their contribution to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Sustainable management strategies and continuous monitoring are essential to protect these ecosystems before anthropogenic pressures and climate change.
MANOEL CELESTINO DE PONTES FILHO REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN ECHINOMETRA LUCUNTER (ECHINODERMATA: ECHINOIDEA) IN THE TROPICAL SOUTHWEST ATLANTIC (7º SOUTH, BRAZIL) Fecha: 25-oct-2024 Hora: 08:30 Mostrar Resumen Sea urchins are model organisms for numerous studies, especially to investigate their reproductive biology in different regions of the world. The species Echinometra lucunter has a wide distribution in the Western Atlantic, being the most abundant on the Brazilian coast. This study investigated the reproductive cycle of E. lucunter, present in reef ecosystems on the coast of Paraíba, through histological analysis of gonadal tissue, descriptions of gametogenesis and periodicity. The study also includes an innovative discovery, reporting pigments similar to lipofuscin, the first record of histopathological alteration for the species. These pigments can originate from gametogenesis, or by environmental stressors. Monthly samples were performed on the beaches of Cabo Branco, municipality of João Pessoa, and Tambaba, municipality of Conde, from January to December 2023. To analyze the frequency of organisms that had pigments similar to lipofuscin, specimens collected from January to March were considered. The reproductive cycle was continuous, with gametes released throughout the year. The gonadosomatic index, in general, was not related to the period of greatest frequency of individuals in the oocyte maturation stage, in addition to not being related to morphological parameters, and may be associated with resource allocation or possible environmental impacts. The diameter of the oocytes showed slight oscillations through the year, with the exception of winter and early spring when they were smaller in both study sites. In total, 58.8% of the sea urchins had lipofuscin in the gonads, this alteration was more frequent in males. The pigments were found associated with nutritive phagocytes, among spermatozoa and between oocytes. Such alterations may impair the reproduction of the organisms. The research was essential to understand the reproductive dynamics of the species, having relevant and unprecedented results, in addition to being an invitation to continue monitoring on the coast of Paraíba, especially due to the manifestation of histopathological alterations, never before recorded for E. lucunter or other echinoid of the Southwest Atlantic.
THAYSS MARTINS DE OLIVEIRA VERISSIMO THE INTERFACES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND CITIZEN SCIENCE FOR THE CONSERVATION OF MARINE ORGANISMS IN THE FACE OF INCIDENTS AND LANDINGS ON THE COAST OF PARAIBANO Fecha: 26-abr-2024 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen As human activities can produce a series of harmful factors to the marine environment, such as pollution, habitat destruction, introduction of invasive species, unsustainable fishing, leading to damage to marine life, both fauna and flora. Environmental education plays an important role in raising awareness and sensitizing various social actors to understand that they are part of the problem and that responsibility lies with each individual, thus collectively and integrally exploring environmental issues, engaging in problem-solving, and seeking measures for improvement. Citizen science consists of the partnership between amateurs and scientists for participation in data collection through engagement in initiatives for biodiversity conservation, assisting scientific research. In this sense, this work seeks to evaluate incidents and strandings involving marine fauna on the coast of Paraíba in the last seven years and analyze the assumptions of Environmental Education, considering the recent contributions of Citizen Science. The participant observation method is used as a methodology, which involves the researcher as part of the group or community studied, rather than being an external observer. It became evident in this work that the main occurrences in the studied region resulted mostly from groups of species such as marine turtles and seabirds, and that, due to the incidents and occurrences recorded in recent years, interdisciplinary actions were necessary, whether by government mobilization (as in the case of the oil incident) or by non-governmental organizations, coastal communities, or by transformative actions based on scientific knowledge for ocean health, as well as by integrating different sectors of society associated with data collection - as in the case of the SISFAUMAR platform - and the development of science, technology, and innovation, contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of the ocean. However, there is much about marine biodiversity to be discovered, requiring investment in this knowledge, grounded in coastal and marine environmental education, and increasingly strengthened by citizen science, the foundation for sustainable development.
ANDRÉ LUIS DE OLIVEIRA CHARACTERIZATION AND CONSERVATION OF THE AVIFAUNA OF THE EMAS NATIONAL PARK AND ADJACENT AREAS, GOIÁS Asesor : FREDERICO GUSTAVO RODRIGUES FRANCA Fecha: 18-mar-2024 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Protected areas are often employed as strategies that may not consistently prove effective in mitigating the impacts of environmental change. It is imperative to comprehend the avian community within such parks, as this provides vital regional insights into species distribution while identifying potential gaps in ecosystem services, thereby mitigating significant long-term impacts. This study seeks to characterize the composition of the avifauna in Emas National Park, a designated World Natural Heritage Site. Expeditions were conducted between 1992 and 1997, varying in duration from 7 to 30 days, supplemented by quarterly sampling from 1998 to 1999. Records were compiled from online platforms such as Wikiaves, eBird, and iNaturalist, complemented by random observations. A total of 427 species were identified within the park's perimeter, with 520 species recognized when considering surrounding areas. Notably, the study highlights the substantial representation of endemic and/or endangered species. Crucially, understanding the dispersal capacity and the utilization of the altered landscape by avian species in the remnants adjacent to the protected area is imperative. This information forms the basis for establishing ecological corridors, thereby reinforcing the primary objective of the park in preserving biodiversity. Consequently, this study contributes to the effective management of Emas National Park, promoting avifauna conservation, and providing valuable insights to guide the implementation of strategies aimed at the long-term preservation of biodiversity in the region.
GRECILANE PEREIRA COSTA OCCURRENCE AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MACROSCOPIC FUNGI IN A CERRADO AREA IN THE STATE OF MARANHÃO Fecha: 29-feb-2024 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The kingdom Fungi encompasses a variety of organisms, ranging from microscopic ones such as molds, mildews, and yeasts, to macroscopic ones such as wood ears and mushrooms. The sexual reproductive structures of macrofungi can be called as sporocarp, basidiocarp (for macrofungi of the phylum Basidiomycota), and ascocarp (phylum Ascomycota). These fungi play a crucial role in the ecosystem, such as in nutrient cycling. This study investigated the occurrence of macrofungi in the São João dos Patos region in eastern Maranhão and analyzed the types of substrates where they are found, such as logs, soil, and leaves.A total of 202 collections were made, resulting in several morphospecies belonging to various genera, such as Coltricia, Hygrocybe, Entoloma, among others. Most of the collections were identified at the genus level, and some at the specific level. The specimens were organized according to the collection period (rainy or dry) and substrate (foliar, lignicolous, or terrestrial). The analysis showed that areas 2 and 3 exhibit greater diversity compared to area 1, both in terms of abundance and species incidence. Additionally, there were variations in diversity between rainy and dry periods, with greater diversity observed during the rainy season. In terms of substrates, logs showed greater diversity compared to soil and leaves. This study highlights the importance of ongoing scientific research to better understand the region's biodiversity, as there are few studies available at the moment.
JOSÉ AFONSO SANTANA DE ALMEIDA OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE PROMOTION OF SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE IN EXTRACTIVE COMMUNITIES OF BURITI, Mauritia flexuosa L. (ARECALES: ARECACEAE), IN BARÃO DE GRAJAÚ, MARANHÃO Fecha: 28-feb-2024 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen The paradigm-concept of socio-ecological co-viability circumscribes the notion of sustainability to the Anthropocene context, referring to the understanding and construction of the different forms of functional, persistent and fair coexistence between humans and non- humans in territories that configure socio-ecosystems in which The aim is to reconnect nature, society and economy. From this perspective, the social construction of sustainability presumes the centrality of ecosystems as socio-ecosystem foundations shaped by innovative interactions between biodiversity and multiple human activities within a territory. This study aimed to characterize the degree of sustainability of extractivism of buriti, Mauritia fleuxosa, in three traditional communities in the state of Maranhão, from the perspective of coexistence. To this end, we used the Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index - IVSA as an approximation of the resilience of socio-ecological systems in these locations, describing the degrees of exposure of the system, its sensitivity and its adaptive potential. The three communities presented different levels of vulnerability, with greater similarity between Corrente (IVSA = 0.64) and Brejo dos Nogueiras (IVSA = 0.69), while Sucuruju presented a lower vulnerability indicator (IVSA = 0.56). The main differences are related to the heterogeneity of the number of inhabitants and socio-cultural characteristics, such as strategies to preserve the extracted resource, while others think only about collecting income. As for similarities, we can highlight the use of the same practices to extract resources from palm trees, which consists of removing vegetation to extract. In this way, income has a strong influence on vulnerability levels, given that, among the 61 interviewees, 79% extract resources to increase their family's income. Therefore, we can state that the buriti extraction systems of the three communities do not follow sustainability parameters, as they are in a state of vulnerability, and to improve these rates, challenges such as monitoring extraction need to be put into practice, in addition to implementing strategies that strengthen principles that promote socio-ecological co-viability, such as valuing diversity and managing biological and social connectivity, as well as establishing network governance mechanisms associated with social learning and decision-making based on quality information. Therefore, it is necessary to transcend the usual public environmental policies, aiming to strengthen community protagonism and opening space for the co-construction of sustainability projects, policies and strategies that integrate public and private initiatives.

2023
Descripción
JULIANA DE FÁTIMA GALVÃO EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF RAISING SEA LEVEL ON DEVELOPMENT OF HAWKSBILL SEA TURTLE EMBRYOS IN THE STATE OF PARAÍBA-BRAZIL Fecha: 30-nov-2023 Hora: 17:00 Mostrar Resumen Anthropogenic environmental changes linked to the coastal environment raise questions about the consequences for sea turtles, especially for incubating eggs. It is necessary to have knowledge of the factors that influence embryonic development and are responsible for maintaining the population. In this way, identifying priority reproductive areas and those that suffer human impact will help guide conservation projects. Therefore, this dissertation was divided into two chapters that aim to provide information about the conservation work of sea turtles in Paraíba, and to present the effect of the environment on the rate of births and non-births on the beaches of João Pessoa and Cabedelo. Chapter 1 provides a history of the NGO Guajiru since its creation, main problems encountered and mitigation strategies adopted to protect turtles in the state. For its development, we gathered information about the institution through interviews with volunteers, reading articles, accessing the database and field diaries. Chapter 2 presents the consequences of environmental variables on the development of embryos. To do this, we selected data from 2,418 nests and examined the influences of abiotic factors (monthly precipitation, air temperature, air humidity, wind, air and sea thermal anomaly, tides, atmospheric CO2 concentration, mean sea elevation, energy kinetics, tourist index, photopollution, vegetation) on them. Our results showed reproductive areas considered a priority for the species and which must be preserved for future generations. We also identified places with an urban impact that modifies the behavior of females when choosing a place to nest, as well as hatching success. Nests at risk, especially due to flooding, are moved as a strategy to recover endangered species. Of the variables that obtained a significant positive result for the birth rate were longitude, wind speed and thermal anomalies of the air and sea combined. Longitude, in particular, was an essential factor in the analyses, as greater distances guaranteed a higher birth rate. Significant negative results for birth rates were found when we used the factors monthly precipitation, CO2 concentration and vegetation. It is probably due to soil compaction, change in temperature, gas diffusion and nutrient cycling. When we used the birth rate in the analyses, the rise in mean sea level was the only variable that resulted in a significant and negative correlation. The concentration of CO2 indicated an increase in the number of unborn babies. As sea levels rise, these animals seek longer areas to build their chambers, places where the birth rate is higher. It is possible that this is an adaptive behavior to these anthropogenic changes. This study identified attributes of hawksbill turtle nesting sites based on environmental characteristics and emphasized the importance of the work of hawksbill turtle conservation projects in Paraíba for the maintenance of the species in the state.
MARIANA MIRELLY DA SILVA SA Structure, Composition, and Coverage of Macroalgal Communities in Urban Reefs of Greater João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil Fecha: 30-nov-2023 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The study of community structure plays a fundamental role in ecology and understanding ecosystems. Through these investigations, we can identify the biological diversity present in a specific area, analyze interactions between different species, and comprehend how environmental factors influence the composition and dynamics of these communities. Considering macroalgae as a low-cost and efficient alternative for environmental monitoring, the overall objective of this study is to test for variations in the number of species, coverage, and composition of urban reef communities in Greater João Pessoa, specifically in the reefs of Areia Vermelha, Formosa, Picãozinho, and Seixas, while assessing the presence of structure in the metacommunity. Statistical analyses were conducted to test hypotheses regarding significant differences between reefs, seasons, and months in relation to the number of species and percentage coverage of macroalgae. According to the results obtained, 27 macroalgal species were recorded across three main classes: Chlorophyta (8 species), Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae) (5 species), and Rhodophyta (14 species). Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance revealed that certain factors, such as reefs and the interaction between month and season, had a statistically significant impact on the observed variation. Coherence analysis demonstrated a significant species substitution along the gradient, indicating interactions among them. The presence of positive coherence suggests the existence of species compositions potentially interacting between dry and rainy seasons. The coincidence of species turnover boundaries, Glesonian pattern, confirmed the hypothesis of structure in the macroalgal metacommunity among the studied reefs.
ALLAN OLIVEIRA BARRETO CARVALHO IMPACT OF OIL SPILLS ON MARINE FAUNA IN THE SERGIPE-ALAGOAS AND PARAÍBA BASINS Fecha: 31-oct-2023 Hora: 18:00 Mostrar Resumen In 2019, the northeastern coast was hit by the largest environmental disaster caused by an oil spill in Brazil, which affected several coastal, resulting in the stranding of aquatic species. The aim of this study was to diagnose the impact of the oil spill in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin and the Mamanguape River estuary (Paraíba). For this purpose, beach monitoring was carried out from September 13 to October 31, 2019, covering the southern coast of the state of Alagoas to the northern coast of Bahia, rescuing all animals affected by oil. To evaluate the environments, genotoxicity analyses (micronucleus test) were carried out on fish and shellfish in the Piauí-Fundo-Real estuarine complex (between the states of Bahia and Sergipe) and the Mamanguape River estuary (Paraíba). Over the period, 77 animals were rescued, 36 of which were oiled, including 17 sea turtles (47.22%), 11 seabirds (30.55%), five fish (13.88%), two terrapins (5.55%) and one domestic bird (2.77%). Among the animals subjected to the Micronucleus Test, the most expressive values of cells with one micronucleus were observed in the loggerhead turtle (321.25 micronuclei), followed by the olive ridley turtle (252.5 micronuclei). Among the mullets, the highest micronucleus values were observed in the animals from the Piauí-Fundo-Real estuary complex (4.4±2.7), when compared to the animals from the Mamanguape River estuary (1.8±1.5). A similar situation occurred with shellfish collected in the Piauí-Fundo-Real estuary complex (7.1±3.6) and the Mamanguape River (2.3±1.7). This evidence reinforces the fact that the oil spills that occurred off the coasts of Sergipe and Bahia had a greater impact on coastal species than the effects observed off the coast of Paraíba. Studies of this nature are essential to assess the impact and genotoxic effects of oil spills on the aquatic species affected, as well as contributing to the diagnosis of the environmental quality of the affected ecosystems.
ÚRSULA RUSSO DUARTE DA SILVA DE MOURA INFLUENCE OF MOON AND TIDE PHASES ON NESTING BEHAVIOR OF HAWKSBILL SEA TURTLES, ERETMOCHELYS IMBRICATA (LINNAEUS, 1766) AND THE EFFECT OF PHOTOPOLUTION IN THE STATE OF PARAÍBA, BRAZIL Fecha: 30-oct-2023 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The disorderly growth of coastal regions has affected the nesting habitat of sea turtles. Behavioral studies on these animals are important to contribute to improving female protection strategies when they arrive at the beach to lay eggs and assist in the reproductive success of the species. Likewise, research evaluating the impact on the ecology of sea turtles in urbanized areas is important to understand the effects of photopollution and consequently outline strategies for their conservation. In the present work, we identified the nesting behavior of the species Eretmochelys imbricata on six urbanized beaches, belonging to the Paraibana Mesoregion, over 18 breeding seasons. The behavioral activities were related to the phases of the moon, tide tables and terrain elevation in order to identify whether these exert an influence on the reproductive process, identifying a possible spawning pattern, in addition to the interference of photopollution as a negative factor in the reproductive ecology of the species. We identified that the species' nesting behavior was not influenced by the phases of the moon and we verified a positive effect of photopollution on the number of nests found in points with a higher birth rate. This result may be related to a possible adaptation of females to artificial lighting and that they are facing the presence of light to deposit their eggs in points where environmental variables are favorable for the reproductive success of their clutches. An estimate was made of the number of females that nested throughout the seasons and we identified a gradual increase over the years with a greater number of females in the last three years. This result possibly indicates that the pandemic period relating to the COVID-19 virus was positive for these animals.
KÊMILLI DIAS MACHADO DESCRIPTION OF VOCALIZATION SITES AND SINGINGS OF THE SPECIES Pristimantis ramagii and Pristimantis sp. FROM THE PARAIBAN ATLANTIC FOREST Fecha: 27-oct-2023 Hora: 17:00 Mostrar Resumen Brazil has a high diversity of anuran species and this number grows annually. Currently, anuran species of the genus Pristimantis from the Atlantic Forest comprise nine main clades with many species not yet described. The species Pristimantis ramagii found in the north of the northeast is considered a species complex. In this context, this project aims to differentiate species belonging to the ramagii clade and Rio São Francisco clade occurring on the northern coast of the state of Paraíba. These species occurred sympatrically in Rio Tinto and Mamanguape, and until mid-2020 they were considered a single species, P. ramagii. Thus, the present study sought to analyze and identify the species present and their morphological and bioacoustic characteristics, delimiting the species. We analyzed three areas on the north coast of Paraíba SEMA II and III and the Barra do Rio Mamanguape APA. The dissertation was separated into two articles, article 1 is entitled Redescription of the song of Pristimantis ramagii and description of the song of Pristimantis sp.: taxonomic and ecological implications and deals with the redescription of the songs of P. ramagii and the site of its breeding site. vocalization, the description of the song and the vocalization site of the new species, in addition to the comparison of their characteristics. For this, both species were recorded, their songs analyzed and the characteristics of their vocalization sites were studied. Our results show that two species of P. ramagii, and a new species not yet named, occur in the three study areas. Both are transmitted mainly through the acoustic repertoire, and P. ramagii song is quite varied, with eight different types (rising advertisement, increasing advertisement of insecurity, irregular advertisement, irregular advertisement of insecurity, insecurity, transition advertisement, short aggressive and aggressive long), while Pristimantis sp. only presents the announcement and aggressive song. Both species are vocal to anthropogenic and elusive noises, stopping vocalizing most of the time when they perceive human presence and noise. P. ramagii and Pristimantis sp. can be easily segregated by their bioacoustic characteristics. Article 2 is entitled Micro and macroevolution: detecting x bioacoustic, ecological and morphological variations in isolated areas of the Atlantic Forest and deals with the study of how the dominant frequency of the three isolated populations of P. ramagii and the Pristimantis sp. they are shaped by the sizes of individuals and the existence of micro and macroevolution of patterns in song patterns, morphometry and choice of vocalization site. To this end, individuals of both species and the three populations were recorded, their songs detailed, measured and their vocalization sites described. The relationship between size and dominant frequency was not significant for any of the species. Discover microevolution in two of the studied populations APA Mamanguape and SEMA II and macroevolution in all areas evidenced by the presence of the new species. This work contributes to the identification and preservation of species, as they exemplify a great diversity of intraspecific and ecological interactions.
FRANCIDALVA DIAS CRISPIM EVALUATION OF THE PREFERENCE PARAMETERS OF ANURAN AMPHIBIANS IN RELATION TO BROMELIAS AS A CHOICE OF MICRO HABITAT IN THE REBIO GUARIBAS BIOLOGICAL RESERVE PARAÍBA PB Fecha: 27-oct-2023 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The study of the anuran fauna associated with bromeliads is important to understand how the population dynamics of these individuals work and the distribution of these species in the environment in which they live. This dissertation was divided with a general introduction emphasizing the importance of bromeliads in the environment in which they live and the degree of association in which anuran species are classified in terms of occupation in these plants and the importance of this interaction. Chapter 1 also provides information about this relationship and highlights that bromeliads, by contributing to the maintenance of biodiversity, attract some individuals, including amphibian predators, and can harm the colonization of anurofauna associated with bromeliads. Thus, the present study sought to understand what parameters are used by bromeliaceae and bromeliaceae species to use bromeliads as a choice of microhabitat in the Bromeliaceae species present in the study area. To develop the work, 100 patches of random bromeliads were separated. In total, 156 species of amphibians were found occupying these bromeliad species. In general, eight species of amphibians were found. The species and habit of bromeliads were not significant in the abundance and richness of amphibians, which can be explained by the low diversity of species in the samples. Our results showed that the morphological characteristics of bromeliads and the water storage capacity for a long period of time is not a deterministic factor used by amphibians to occupy these plants. Among the parameters used, the one that most influenced the number of species was the effect of the predator. The abundance and predominance of a single species of spider throughout the sampling period proved to be a limiting factor for these individuals.
VANDERLEI ALVES DO NASCIMENTO NETO EFFECT OF FIRE ON CAMPESTRIC BIRDS COMMUNITIES IN THE CERRADO Fecha: 31-ago-2023 Hora: 17:00 Mostrar Resumen Grassland birds are among the most endangered groups in the world and are largely confined to protected areas. Fire is a crucial ecological factor in the origin and evolution of the Cerrado, shaping ecosystems and selecting species in its diverse environments. The response of biota to fire is linked to the burning regime, with the effects of fire on ecosystems primarily determined by the time of year and frequency of occurrence. In 2017, Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park implemented the Integrated Fire Management Program to reduce the incidence of large fires and create a mosaic of areas that promote biodiversity and maintain fire dynamics in the Cerrado. This study aims to understand how grassland bird communities respond to these fire events. Linear transects were conducted in grassland formations under different burning regimes, collecting data and measurements on vegetation structure and climatic variables. During the transects, 116 species were recorded, 11 of which are threatened with extinction. The linear transects reflected a heterogeneity of environments in the grassland formations, with ten different transects being adequately sampled. Some species are associated with specific types of environments within the grasslands. When comparing previously sampled (2007 and 2008) and current transects, no significant differences were found in diversity patterns. Analysis of community composition in relation to time after fire indicated significant differences between categories, suggesting a temporal change associated with the burning regime. Our results provide evidence that the implementation of management did not negatively impact bird communities and that this strategy can be an important tool for managing protected areas in the Cerrado and preserving their biodiversity.
MONIQUE CELIÃO DE OLIVEIRA COMPOSITION OF ENDOPERASITES ASSOCIATED WITH HELICOPS ANGULATUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) (SNAKES, DIPSADIDAE) IN THREE AREAS OF THE ATLANTIC FOREST OF PARAIBA Fecha: 31-ago-2023 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen In the present study, the composition and structure of the parasitic community of Helicops angulatus (Colubridae), collected in urban, peri-urban and preserved areas in the Atlantic Forest of Paraiba, Northeastern Brazil, were investigated and compared. 158 specimens of H. angulatus were collected in the municipalities of Rio Tinto, Mamanguape and Santa Rita, both in the state of Paraíba. Approximately 25.3% of the 158 snakes analyzed were infected by some type of endoparasite. A total of 137 specimens of endoparasites were found. In the forest areas, 22 specimens of endoparasites were found (prevalence of 40.0%, and average intensity of infection of 11.0 ± 11.0), in the peri-urban areas, 22 endoparasites were collected (prevalence of 25.6% and average intensity of infection of 2.2 ± 1.5) and in urban areas, 105 endoparasites were collected (prevalence of 24.6% and mean intensity of infection of 3.5 ± 2.5). Considering both environments, six nematodes were found: Oswaldocruzia mazzai, Eustrongylides sp., Physaloptera sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Filarid larvae and unidentified nematode larvae, three trematodes: Infidum similis, Travtrema stenocotyle, eterodiplostomum helicopsis and an encysted metacercaria , two acanthocephala: Centrorhychidae gen. sp. and Oligocantorynchidae gen. sp., and one Pentastomida: Sebekia oxycephala all parasites found present first record for H. angulatus. In the three studied areas there were no significant differences in the richness and diversity of parasites, but we observed the number of parasite individuals in forests that differed significantly. There were found had a negative relationship, as the size showed that larger females would not necessarily have a greater number of parasites found. no significant parasite differences between host sexes. Regarding the size of snakes on the richness of parasites in different areas and sexes, there was no significant difference, there is a positive, but weak relationship between richness and the size of snakes in relation to areas, the results also show that despite the urban area having a greater richness of parasites than in other areas, there were not more than three different species of parasites in H. angulatus. The results also show that the size of the females in the forest area where only female snakes were found had a negative relationship, as the size showed that larger females would not necessarily have a greater number of parasites found.
ALAN FELIX MEYER CARLETTO STRUCTURE AND TOPOLOGICAL ROLES OF SPECIES IN NETWORKS OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PLANTS AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN NATIVE AND REVEGETATED COASTAL DUNES IN THE NORTHERN COAST OF PARAÍBA Fecha: 30-ago-2023 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Sandbanks and coastal dunes are of great ecological importance, as they provide several ecosystem services, and it is important to understand how interactions between above- and below-ground communities are structured in these environments. The biologically intimate association between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants results from a long coevolutionary history whose initial establishment took place after the conquest of the terrestrial environment by plants. Thus, this association is a co-determinant of patterns of richness, abundance and interactions between species, patterns that represent the local architecture of biodiversity and shape ecosystem functioning. Although some works in temperate environments have reported the detection of nesting and modularity in networks of interactions between plants and AMFs, knowledge about the structural patterns and topological roles in these interaction networks is still quite restricted for tropical systems. In this work, the structure of networks between plants and AMF was inferred in native and revegetated coastal dunes, on the northern coast of Paraíba; with this, putative networks of interaction were generated and described, testing the occurrence of nesting and modularity, in addition to the topological roles of the species. Secondary data on the plant community and AMF (composition and abundance) were used, which were obtained by morphological identification and counting of individuals of each species. In both areas and in all seasons, nesting was significant, but the degree of nesting was lower than expected. Modularity was not significant in all periods. The AMF species of the interaction networks in the revegetated area showed a lower number of interactions (degree) in relation to the native area
AMANDA DE SOUZA VASCONCELOS IMPACTS OF THE RECENT THERMAL ANOMALIES ON MARGINAL REEFS COMMUNITIES OF THE NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL Fecha: 28-abr-2023 Hora: 16:00 Mostrar Resumen Thermal anomaly events have been recurring in recent years (2019, 2020, and 2022) in the South Atlantic, affecting a large extent of marginal reefs in Northeast Brazil. For a long time this region was out of the major episodes of coral bleaching recorded in the world because thermal anomalies in the region were sporadic and of low intensity. This study analyzed the effects of these events on the reefs of Ponta do Seixas, Northeast Brazil, and described the periodicity of historical records (1985-2022) of these anomalies. DHW (Degree Heating Week) and SST (Sea Surface Temperature) data were used, and the health conditions of cnidarians were assessed through linear transects. Six heating events occurred in the region, and 4 of them reached level 2 alert for bleaching. The worst scenario occurred in 2020, causing severe bleaching in corals, calcareous hydroids, zoanthids, and gorgonians, with warming waters extending for 115 days and DHW and SST above 15°C-weeks and 30°C, respectively. In 2019, 62.5% of corals bleached, 20.6% became diseased, and 0.2% died. In 2020, severe bleaching affected corals (77.0%) and zoanthids (35.5%), with 1.4% coral mortality. In 2021, a year without thermal stress, 82.0% of the corals and 97.8% of the zoanthids had recovered, but the proportion of diseased and dead corals increased (11.1% and 2.6%, respectively). In 2022, the thermal stress was of low amplitude and extent, but 25.0% of the corals and 20.02% of the zoanthids underwent severe bleaching, and the proportion of sick (15.0%) and dead (3.0%) corals increased. Diseases only occurred in the Siderastrea complex, while mortality was observed in Mussismilia harttii and M. hispida, as well as in gorgonians and calcareous hydroids. Zoanthids were the only group that did not show mortality. The increasing frequency and severity of bleaching in the area raises concerns about the resilience of corals to current and future recurrent thermal stress events.
MILENA MARTINS MÁXIMO Molecular ecology of Triatoma brasiliensis: towards One Health foran outbreak of Chagas disease in the semiarid Northeast Fecha: 24-abr-2023 Hora: 08:30 Mostrar Resumen The principle of One Heath or Eco Health is devoted to understanding how the components of an ecoepidemiological chain can shape the disease transmission, with special attention to environmental Health. For Chagas disease, they are mainly represented by the pathogen-insect-man-reservoir-environment pentahedron. Within this perspective, the main components of One Health involved in cases of Chagas disease outbreaks in Brazil were surveyed, focusing on an outbreak that occurred in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Thus, a systematic review is presented in the first Chapter. In the second, we statistically treat a set of data from the vector component (Triatoma brasiliensis) incriminated by the mentioned outbreak. Only engorged insects, from numerous infestations (n>30) and positive for trypanosomatids were selected. The DNA was isolated from the blood mass ingested by the insects, assuming that it can alternatively reveal information on the diversity and density of other components, such as the reservoirs (n=96) and the parasite (n=92). Information on food source diversity (FA=potential parasite reservoir) was obtained via genetic sequencing (CytB from MT-DNA) and parasite genotyping was determined by amplified fluorescent fragment barcodes (FFLB). The quantification of the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite (n=90, pathogen component) was estimated via real-time PCR, being denominated here as average parasite load (PL) per insect (T. cruzi/intestinal unit). The environment component was characterized in ecotypic strata. At a specific level, the choice of the best statistical model applied in the analysis was made through comparisons between the adjustments of the complete models and models with reduced variables using a maximum likelihood test to compare changes in deviances before and after removing variables. For comparisons of CPs involving groupings at different levels (e.g., taxonomic, considering literature information) of the FAs, the Mann-Whitney (M-W) and Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) tests were applied, as appropriate; followed by the p-adjusted via Dunn-Bonferroni for pairwise tests. Interactions between variables were considered only when significant (P<0.05). The T. cruzi CP of insects was significantly (F1.79= 2.31, p<0.005) affected by FAs at a specific level, and the post hoc test identified that insects with FAs in cavy Galea spixii (Mammalia: Rodentia: Caviidae) had higher CP (4.09E+05) than those that fed on two vertebrates refractory to T. cruzi infection, such as a bird (Dubusia taeniata; 2.28E+01) and a reptile (Tropidurus semitaeniatus; 2.11E+03). The T. cruzi genotypes were distributed in TcI (66%), TcII (24%) and TcIII (2%), with mixed infections also involving T. rangeli (<10%) without association with FAs (F3.83 =1.30; p>0.05). Cavy is the prevalent FA in both environments (33%+), with Caviidae (G. spixii + Kerodon rupestris) representing 50%+ of the FAs in both environments. However, wild insects also had a high prevalence of FAs in K. rupestris and domestic cats (16%) compared to peridomestic ones (<8%). Among the FAs that had a robust number (n≥4%), the insects the fed on the opossum Didelphis albiventris (Mammalia: Didelphimorphidae) stood out for its higher CP (X=1E+06; K-W, χ2 = 6.32; df = 2; p = 0 .04), compared to other mammals corroborating suggestions that this animal may be a good alternative reservoir for T. cruzi in the peridomestic environment due to its recognized ability to amplify T. cruzi. In addition to the opossum, the cavy also seems to be in a synanthropic process, but the opposite was observed for the cats - which have been visiting the wild environment. The correlation of CP with FA to infer about the reservoir must be viewed with caution, as the insects (4%) with FA in the reptile Tupinambis merianae refractory to T. cruzi presented similar CP (X =5E+05) (p>0.05) to other non-refractory FAs.
LAIS BARBOSA SILVA ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION ABOUT POLLUTION OF THE GRAMAME RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN Asesor : MARCIA BATISTA DA FONSECA Fecha: 20-abr-2023 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Master dissertation in Ecology and Environmental Monitoring
GABRIEL DOS PASSOS MACENA GOMES EFFECTS OF ALTERATION OF NATIVE GRASSES IN THE GRASSLAND BIRDS COMMUNITY OF THE CERRADO: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE CHAPADA DOS VEADEIROS NATIONAL PARK - GO Fecha: 28-feb-2023 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen In the Cerrado, the grasslands initially existed as large islands between the savannah and forest physiognomies of Central Brazil. Due to fact that they are easily transformed environments, many native grasslands were lost by the expansion of agriculture and pasture, and others were strongly threatened by the influence of invasive exotic grasses. Few remnants of natural grasslands are now restricted to protected areas. These protected areas, even those considered fully protected, have been suffering threats such as exotic and invasive species, which compete and often devastate native species. About 40% of South American grassland birds occur in the Cerrado. However, the loss and degradation of grasslands have been negatively affecting the bird populations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the differences in richness, abundance, and composition of the grassland bird communities in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, an important protected area in the northeast of Goiás, comparing three treatments: native grasslands, pastures with exotic grasses and restoration grasslands. We applied biological diversity, ecological correlation (CCA and NMDS) and richness estimation (Inext) analyzes to compare the different sampled areas. A total of 103 bird species were recorded in the three treatments, but 11 species are recognized as occasional grassland birds, resulting in 92 species distributed as 49 species in the pasture, 73 in the recovery environment and 71 in natural grassland. We found significant differences between pastures and natural and/or restored grasslands, indicating that pastures with exotic grasses harbor less species and lower abundance of grassland birds. In addition, although the richness and abundance of species in the natural and recovery areas are similar, the recovery areas had a higher expectation of future richness and a lower equitability value. Out of the four threatened grassland species (IUCN, 2022 and MMA, 2022), Taoniscus nanus occurred only in natural areas, Alectrurus tricolor and Culicivora caudacuta were recorded in natural and recovery areas, and Coryphaspiza melanotis was found in all three treatments. Our results reveal the threat to the grassland birds diversity by the conversion of natural grasslands into pasture with exotic grasses and indicate the importance of restored areas for the dynamics and conservation of grassland birds.
HUGO LEITE DOS SANTOS CAMPOS BIODIVERSITY OF AGARICOID FUNGI IN THE NATIONAL FOREST OF THE RESTINGA DE CABEDELO, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL Fecha: 27-feb-2023 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Estimating the richness, diversity and composition of species in the face of human activities impacting the environment that generate threats to biodiversity in different environments and geographic areas, has been the subject of interest of the scientific community, to seek strategies aimed at preserving biodiversity and conservation of the environment. Fungi are organisms of cosmopolitan distribution, these organisms are important for the environment and the human population. In the tropics, fungi are of great importance in ecological processes. The present study aimed to inventory agaricoid fungi that occur in the FLONA Restinga de Cabedelo, João Pessoa, Brazil. The study site is a conservation unit that comprises a small fragment of the Atlantic Forest, of extreme biological importance. The agaricoid basidiomata were collected weekly during the rainy season between the months of June and July of 2012. To represent the collected organisms and estimate the species biodiversity of the studied organisms, we used the Simpson, Shannon and Fisher's alpha indices in the survey, an accumulation curve and a species rarefaction curve were also constructed, to estimate the species richness in the area, we used the Chao II calculation. In all, 512 specimens were observed, corresponding to 61 morphospecies distributed in 18 families, part of the collected organisms was not identified at a specific level, which may probably correspond to undescribed species. The family with the highest representation of species was the Agaricaceae with 17 morphospecies. The results show a notable number of species of agaricoid fungi in the area, with new records for the Atlantic Forest and for Paraíba in the samplings carried out. According to the index values, the area has a high species richness. Our sampling effort curves are not saturated. Our study is relevant because it represents a relatively high richness of these organisms in a small fragment of restinga forest.
MAYARA OLINTO VICENTE BIRDS COMPOSITION AND INTERACTION BIRDS-FRUGIVOROUS AND PLANTS VERSUS IN NATIVE AND REFORESTED AREAS OF RESTINGA IN BRASILIAN NORTHEAST Fecha: 27-ene-2023 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Ecological interactions are extremely important to understand the functioning of the environmental dynamics of an area, especially in environments that have undergone some disturbance or have lost their natural vegetation, and in order to better understand how the networks of interactions work, it is necessary to identify the active species within an area. each network, making fauna and flora inventories a key piece in studies of ecological interactions. In view of this, our objective was to sample the composition of the avifuana, to elaborate a field guide that assists in the identification of birds in the areas, to evaluate the variation between the networks of mutualistic interactions between frugivorous birds and plants occurring in areas of different years of reforestation and in fragments of native restinga. A bibliographical review made it possible to previously inventory the bird species at the Tronox S.A. mine, where we carry out monthly expeditions from February to December 2021 with the methodologies of focal observation, listening point and active search. We observed 17 species of birds representing eight families, consuming 14 plant species belonging to nine families. A total of 49 frugivory interactions were recorded. The successional gradient shows us a change in the composition and number of bird species between areas, but without significant difference, being a consequence of the natural substitution that occurs between independent, semi-dependent and forest-dependent species. Our guide gathers information on 161 bird species, with 44 taxa recorded only in the bibliographic survey and 19 species were observed from occurrences exclusively in our in situ survey. Based on the avifaunistic richness that we found in the Restinga fragment studied, it is possible to state that this remnant has great conservation and scientific value, however the rarefaction curve has not yet reached the asymptote, indicating that new species can be added to the list of the area in future works field.

2022
Descripción
DANDARA DA SILVA GOMES MORPHOLOGICAL AND TROPHIC STRUCTURE OF TAXOCENOSIS OF LIZARDS FROM THE GUARIBAS BIOLOGICAL RESERVE, PARAÍBA, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL Fecha: 31-ago-2022 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen The structure of a community (or taxocenosis of species) may reflect factors that directly influence the way species use resources. For many years, ecologists determined recent factors (competition and predation) as the main responsible for the organization of communities. Historical factors today are also considered as explanations for several ecological characteristics found in the species that make up the current communities. The objective of this work is to investigate whether the taxocenosis of lizards from the Reserva Biológica Guaribas, in Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brazil, is structured in terms of the determining factors of the trophic and morphological niche relationship, considering the level of influence of recent and historical effects on patterns found. The taxocenosis composition is distributed in 10 species and 6 families. Through morphological analysis it was possible to identify a segregation pattern (1,000, p <0.05) in the morphometric niche overlap in the taxocenosis of lizards from REBIO Guaribas. Also, regarding the trophic niche, the taxocenosis of lizards from REBIO Guaribas (SEMA II) showed no structure, indicating a high level of clustering.
ALISSON PLACIDO DA SILVA BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF DIPTERA IN THE NEOTROPICAL REGION, ASSOCIATED WITH FUNGI OF THE PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA Fecha: 31-ago-2022 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Diptera are organisms with a great diversity of species, having a range of resources to be explored, both in the adult and in the larval stage. One of these resources is fungi. These can provide ideal conditions for development, feeding and reproduction. This work aimed to know and review the data on Neotropical Diptera, in association with basidiomycetes, through literature and electronic sites. As well as describe as the first record for the Atlantic Forest region north of Laternea triscapa. The data obtained were organized in a list, containing 17 families, 48 genera and 97 species. The Drosophilidae family presented a greater number of genera and species associated with mycophagy in basidiomycetes. Seven families occurring in the Neotropical region were not added to the list, but they are known in the other regions for having species occurring in fungi. Reinforcing the need for future ecological studies in the region to be able to remedy such gaps.
MATHEUS MIR LEITE FERREIRA HOW TO RECEIVE AND WHERE TO DESTINATE: THE IMPORTANCE OF WILD SCREENING CENTERS FOR NON-HUMAN PRIMATES IN BRAZIL Fecha: 30-ago-2022 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Wildlife is primarily threatened by habitat loss and trafficking. In this context, Wild Animals Screening and Rehabilitation Centers (CETAS) emerged, which work in the rehabilitation of animals victims of anthropic actions. This research aimed to carry out a diagnosis of the situation of primates received by CETAS in Belo Horizonte (MG), to assist in the management and mitigation of the effects of trafficking. From 1992 to 2021, 1895 primates of 10 genera and 22 species arrived. Callithrix was the most abundant genus (n=1586). The primates came from 92 cities in Minas Gerais, in addition to Goiás, Amazonas, Ceará, Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. Belo Horizonte concentrated 44.9% of the total. The main form of entry was collection (n=1135), followed by voluntary delivery (n=500) and apprehension (n=210). When it comes to destination, death (n=100) and release (n=98) stood out in relation to being sent to another captivity (n=26). 2008 was the year with the highest number of primates (n=127) while 2001 was the lowest (n=6). Most primates arrived with good body condition (n=108). Individuals with better body condition spent less time in CETAS (p<0.001). There was also an association between body condition and forms of destination (p< 0.001). On the other hand, the variables body condition, sex, origin and distance from where they saw had no influence on the length of stay of individuals in CETAS. The results reinforce the importance of CETAS for wildlife, including primates. They also point to the need for actions on different fronts to reduce the pressure of trafficking, such as investments in environmental education and science, creation of new wildlife projects, changes in legislation and more active inspection.
MARILIA CAROLINA PEREIRA DA PAZ EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC DISORDERS FOR THE BROWN-THROATED SLOTH, BRADYPUS VARIEGATUS (Schinz, 1825), IN ATLANTIC FOREST FRAGMENTS IN URBAN AREA Fecha: 26-ago-2022 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The natural habitat of sloths of the Bradypus variegatus species has been reduced with the modification of the landscape, especially in urban areas. At campus I of the Federal University of Paraíba, located in the municipality of João Pessoa, about 45 ha of Atlantic Forest fragments shelter a population of B. variegatus. Due to their insertion in the urban matrix, sloths are exposed to several anthropogenic disturbances. Suspended fauna passages connect eleven internal fragments to each other, and these to the external fragment to campus I at UFPB. The research aimed to identify, describe and test the effect of anthropogenic disturbances (presence of people, domestic animals and vehicles) on the presence of B. variegatus in fragments of campus I, as well as quantify risk situations and propose mitigating actions. Observations were carried out from September 2021 to January 2022 using the ad libitum method through daily 4 h walks around the fragments. In 16% (n=45) of the 269 observations, locomotion behavior was recorded, predominantly in trees (44 records) and only one record in pavement. On average 24.5 (min. 3 max. 61) sightings/fragment were recorded, but there was no significant correlation between area, or distance from the fragment, and number of sightings. The correlation between disturbances (number of people, vehicles and domestic animals) and the number of sightings was positive and significant, suggesting that these factors do not negatively influence the presence of sloths. Low risk situations prevailed, with the few high risks being attributed to vehicles (17.5%), animals (14.9%) and people (1%). The fragments that presented the highest proportion of high risk and had a high number of sightings were F09 (in front of the Digital Media Department), F08 (behind the Central Library) and F02 (between the entrance to campus I in the Castelo Branco neighborhood and the athletics track). Instagram (@bichopreguiça.ufpb), with 1,640 followers, had 16 posts, 2,893 likes, 96 comments, 153 saves, 552 shares, 13,818 reaches, 2,893 interactions and 16,600 impressions. The analysis of the comments (cloud of words) showed that the subtitles need to be better elaborated, stimulating the followers to interact more with the posts. As a product of the dissertation was elaborated a collaborative map with the collected data that can be used in the monitoring of sloths.
JANDUY GONCALVES DO NASCIMENTO CLIMATIC VARIABLES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH DENGUE CASES IN FOUR MESOREGIONS OF THE PARAÍBA STATE BETWEEN THE YEARS 2009 TO 2019 Fecha: 07-mar-2022 Hora: 15:00 Mostrar Resumen Aedes aegypti has evolutionary characteristics that have provided the species with total adaptive success in the urban environment, that is, in environments altered by anthropic action promoting high incidence rates in modified environments. The objective of the research is to analyze how climate environmental variables influence dengue cases, consequently in the high rates of dengue cases in cities in the state of Paraíba, between the time scale of 2009 to 2019. For this, 20 cities in the state of Paraíba of the four mesoregions were determined, using annual data of air temperatures, and relative humidity, collected at the stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) in addition to precipitation (AESA). The databases regarding the number of dengue cases and the level of infestation of Aedes aegypti were obtained through (SINAN and LIRAA). For the correlation between the climatic variables and dengue cases, the coefficient of determination (R²) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) were applied. The results showed significant differences between the climatic variables in cities, between 2009 and 2019 the average temperature was 26.1°C, humidity 74% and precipitation 800 mm. 43,080 cases of dengue have been reported. Dengue cases and climatic elements showed strong positive and perfect correlations, accounting for 100% of the relationship. When the number of cases was evaluated annually among all cities, the prevalence between 2013, 2019, 2017 and 2018 was evaluated with high incidence of total cases with representative values of rainfall of dengue cases. These years were epidemic years, registering 75.3% of all cases in the historical series. The lowest average dengue cases were found in 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2015, and 2016, respectively, totaled 24.7% of the cases in the historical series. Therefore, it was possible to identify the most and least vulnerable areas from the climatic conditions conducive to a higher concentration of dengue cases, of which they stood out: João Pessoa, Areia, Santa Rita, Patos and Souza, the non-vulnerable areas were: Cabaceiras, Frei Martinho and Cubatí. Given the occurrence of dengue cases and the search for the mitigation of epidemics in the cities of Paraíba, in recent years work like this becomes necessary, because in addition to providing scientific basis, produce a significant database that can be used posteriori.
VANESSA DO NASCIMENTO BARBOSA HERPETOFAUNA OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA OF BARRA DO RIO MAMANGUAPE, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL Fecha: 25-feb-2022 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The Atlantic Forest is one of the main biodiversity hotspots in the world, with only 12% of its original cover vegetation remaining and 40% of its fauna and flora being endemic. Within the Pernambuco Endemism Center, the Atlantic Forest in Paraíba State is distributed in 63 municipalities. Among the vertebrate fauna present in the Atlantic Forest, about 130 species of snakes have already been described, with the addition of new species in recent years. There are currently 3,956 cataloged snake species in the world. snakes are great animals in the balance of the food web, bioindicators, and also act in bioprospecting. Inventory works are of great importance to obtain basic data on ecology and the creation of conservation measures for the species studied. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the richness and abundance of the herpetofauna with emphasis in the snake assemblage of an Environmental Protection Area on the coast of Northeastern Brazil. The survey were carried out between May 2019 and August 2021 and we recorded one species of the Crocodylia and 36 of the Squamata, distributed in three clades: Snakes with 22 species, Lizards with 12 species and Amphisbaenians with only two species recorded. Regarding amphibians, the 16 species recorded belong to the order Anura. The most abundant snake species was Chironius flavolineatus (Jan, 1863), for lizards it was Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825) and for amphibians Leptodactylus troglodytes (Lutz, 1926) all with more than 100 specimens captured. All sampling methods were considered efficient, obtaining exclusive records for each method, reinforcing the importance of using different methodologies for greater sampling in herpetofauna. Most of the recorded species have a distribution to other biomes and the families with the greatest richness was Dipsadidade, Teiidae and Leptodactylidae. Our results were similar to other herpetofunistic studies conducted in the Atlantic Forest. The Environmental Protection Area of Barra do Rio Mamanguape receives many tourist activities, and it is essential to create environmental education actions and conservation strategies together with residents and visitors to demystify these animals and raise awareness of the importance of herpetofauna preservation.
FABRÍCIO FERREIRA JERONIMO INFERRING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PLANTS AND FRUGIVORE BIRDS IN A TABULEIRO FOREST AT THE GUARIBAS BIOLOGICAL RESERVE, PARAIBA: NETWORK STRUCTURE, TOPOLOGICAL ROLES AND SEASONAL VARIATIONS Fecha: 25-feb-2022 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen Interactions between plants and frugivore animals and the related seed dispersal processes are key mechanisms shaping terrestrial biodiversity. Describing the local structure of ecological networks and the contribution of each species for such a structure are fundamental steps to advance our understanding of the organization and functioning of ecological communities. However, the availability of data on ecological interactions is limited for many systems, requiring the development of predictive approaches that allow us to infer the topology of multi-species networks based on data often available, such as information on species abundances, morphology and phenology. This study presents an approach to the construction of putative species-interaction networks involving plants and frugivore birds in a tabuleiro forest at Reserva Biológica Guaribas, Paraíba State. Secondary data sustained the computation of encounter probabilities based on abundances and the inferrence of forbidden links (interactions that cannot occur due to biological constraints) based on morphological and phenological traits. Such putative networks suggest that this plant-bird network shows significant nestdeness and modularity throughout the year. Between January and September, a turnover of species playing central topological roles involves a variety of plant species, such as Maytenus erythroxyla, Miconia albicans e Hirtella racemosa. A set of 8 bird species that are facultative frugivores Neopelma pallescens, Dacnis cayana, Tangara cayana, Tachyphonus rufus, Trogon curucui, Turdus leucomelas, Elaenia cristata and Cyclarhis gujanensis appear as network connectors during this period, suggesting that the dynamics of the system is driven by this group of generalist bird performing resource tracking throught the majority of the year. Duing the driest period, between October and December, there is a reconfiguration of both the plant species playing hub roles Tetracera breyniana, Guapira pernambucensis and Ocotea gardneri and the most connected bird species playing connector roles: Forpus xanthopterygius flavissimus, Tangara sayaca, Euphonia chlorotica, Coereba flaveola and Chiroxiphia pareola, but the most central species in the previous periods still act as connectors. In the future, field research can test these predictions and the incorporation of novel data types, particularly those related to the nutritional composition e chromatic aspects of the fruits can contribute to advance a predictive approach to plant-frugivore interactions.
ISIS CHAGAS DE ALMEIDA ESTIMATION OF SIZE POPULATION, AREA OF USE AND ENDANGERING FACTORS OF THE GUIANA DOLPHIN (Sotalia guianensis VAN BENEDEN, 1864) IN THE NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL Fecha: 24-feb-2022 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Studies with estimations of abundance, habitat use and endangering factors of the Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) are still reduced in the Northeast region of Brazil. For that reason, this study had the goal of accomplishing the populational estimation and identifying the main endangering factors for Guiana dolphins. To do this, linear transects were done once a week on Environmental Protection Area (APA) of Barra do Rio Mamanguape, during the dry and rainy seasons, from November 2020 to October 2021. When the animals were spotted, the size and composition of the group were registered, and the paremeters of salinity, depth and temperature of the water were gauged. During these transects, the existing anthropic activities were registered. To identify the mortality cause of the Guiana dolphins stranded on APA of Barra de Mamanguape, the rescued specimens were submitted to post-mortem evaluations. With the same purpose, on the Sergipe-Alagoas basin, for the identification of the stranded animals, 260 kilometers were traveled on the beach daily, from March 2010 to December 2019. The mortality causes were classified in three identification categories (natural, anthropogenic and undetermined). The estimate size to the population of Barra do Rio Mamanguapes APA was 17 individuals (IC 95% 5-46). The sightings happened closer to the main entrance of the Mamanguape river, and 52,94% of the groups were seen in depths from 2.1 to 3.9 meters. Fishing vessels represented 47.05% of the occurrences and 70% of the stranding events showed interactions with fishing activity. Regarding to the cause of Guiana dolphins stranding and endangering factors on the Sergipe-Alagoas basin, 292 animals were rescued, where 41.09% of these owned evidence of interaction with anthropic activities. The high rate of stranding events on Sergipe-Alagoas basin that caused the mortality by anthropic activities, indicate the vulnerability of this species.
VANESSA ARAUJO REBELO INFECTION Giardia sp. AND Cryptosporidium spp. IN MANATEES AND OTTERS IN THE NORTH AND NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL Fecha: 24-feb-2022 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Brazil has a great biodiversity of aquatic fauna and flora, including aquatic mammals. Due to coast, marine and river areas shared use, many aquatic mammals species are susceptible to different anthropogenic effects. The diagnostics of diseases caused by protozoa, such as Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium spp., are increasing, as well as the technological advances are providing new infections diagnosis techniques. The following researchs goal was to diagnose infections caused by Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in sirenian and mustelids on Brazil, as well as the mains diseases and mortality causes reaching Antillean manatees. Thru Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, 212 Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus), Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis), otters (Lontra longicaudis) and giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) fecal samples were analyzed. The 16,5% (35/212) frequency was diagnosted and every result were negative to Cryptosporidium spp. The frequency were higher on Antillean manatees 71,4% (25/35) rather than Amazonian manatees 28,5% (10/35), statically significant. Every mustelids samples were negative to Giardia sp. and Crypstosporidium spp. Among the positives, genotypic identities greater than 98% (98,06 - 99,72%) were observed on the DNA sequences obtained for Giardia intestinalis. This is first registration of Giardia intestinalis from assemblage C in manatees.

2021
Descripción
PATRÍCIA DE MOURA ALMEIDA Necrotizing disease affecting metabolism and microsymbionts relationship of Palythoa caribaeorum (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) from the Seixas reefs, Northeastern Brazil Asesor : CRISTIANE FRANCISCA DA COSTA SASSI Fecha: 23-dic-2021 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen In the coastal reefs of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil, P. caribaeorum has been affected by a necrotizing disease, probably associated with alterations in its symbiotic microbiota, whose evolution results in tissue decomposition and substrate exposure. The study of this relationship was the objective of this work, being carried out in healthy and diseased tissues. We sought to: 1. characterize the microsymbionts of the samples through microscopic analysis, and 2. evaluate the consequences of the disease on the production of primary metabolites and fatty acids in tissues and zooxanthellae. Cyanobacteria were cultured, identified by molecular biology, and their toxicity determined by immunoassay. Carbohydrates and proteins were analyzed by spectrophotometry, lipids by gravimetry and fatty acids by gas chromatography using dialyzed and non-dialyzed samples. Zooxanthellae, several diatoms and three genera of cyanobacteria were more abundant in healthy colonies; all toxic, and with ever higher concentrations of microcystin/nodularin in diseased tissues. The highest values of primary metabolites always occurred in dialyzed samples. The percentages of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates were higher in zooxanthellae from healthy samples, and the difference with values obtained from diseased tissues was significant. Lipid contents were higher in diseased tissues free from zooxanthellae; the protein ones were higher in healthy individuals, and the carbohydrate ones did not show significant differences in the two health conditions analyzed. It was found that the disease reduces the density of microsymbionts and that it enhances the increase of cyanotoxins in tissues. It is possible to infer the participation of these compounds in the onset and evolution of the disease, which, once installed, causes metabolic changes, both in zooxanthellae and in host tissues, even resulting in changes in the fatty acid profile.
ANA CARLA GREGOLIN MENDES Diversity and structure of the fish community of Picãozinho reef, João Pessoa Paraíba Fecha: 30-nov-2021 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Reef animal communities are structured by the interaction of biological, environmental and anthropogenic issues. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the composition and structure of the fish community of Picãozinho reef in order to establish its potential relationships with abiotic characteristics and variables. For this it was necessary to characterize the ichthyofauna of Picãozinho in terms of the composition, number of species, number of fish, frequency of occurrence and trophic groups; verify the ecological indicators of the fish community (richness, abundance, diversity and evenness) and its variations for the different year seasons and sampling points; analyze the complexity and substrate coverage of each sampling point and assess the influence on the ichthyofaunistic composition and structure; verify the possible correlations between the attributes of the fish community and the presence of tourists. Ichthyofauna data collected through stationary visual censuses between February 2016 and January 2017 and the habitat characteristics were collected once using the quadrat method, such as using visual classification and photographs. The reef was characterized by the dominance of leafy algae and low coral abundance. Also, 180 censuses registred a total of 5965 specimens, represented by 53 species and 21 families. Pomacentrids were the most abundant and Haemulids the most diverse one. There was a predominance of omnivores on the reef, but the relationship of trophic groups with the type of substrate at each sampling point was not observed. Issues such as substrate height and roughness, used to measure the structural complexity of the habitat, showed a positive correlation with species richness. In temporal terms, the fish community remained constant throughout the study period. Regarding peoples presence, it was noted an area with greater flow and which had fewer species and a lower diversity index when compared to the less frequented area. The presence of endangered species highlights the need for conservation strategies in the reef.
JÉSSICA MONIQUE DA SILVA AMARAL POPULATION ECOLOGY OF Chironius flavolineatus Jan, 1983 IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST OF NORTHEAST BRAZIL Fecha: 26-oct-2021 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The Atlantic Forest presents a high biological diversity and endemism. However, it is one of the most threatened biomes in the world, with currently 12% of its original vegetation cover remaining. Snakes represent the most diverse group of the Squamata with about 3,921 species described worldwide. Population ecology studies aim to describe various population parameters such as spatial distribution, population size, growth rate, reproductive characteristics, among others, contributing to the species conservation. Regarding population studies, it is important to use long-lasting marking techniques that make it possible to individualize each specimen. Herein, we aim to estimate the population size and describe the use of the distribution area of a population of Chironius flavolineatus inhabiting an Atlantic Forest fragment in Northeastern Brazil. The survey was carried out between May 2019 and April 2021 and 111 individuals were captured, being 81 males and 30 females. The individuals were marked with visible implant elastomer (VIE), allowing the identification of each specimen, and then released in the same capture site for further monitoring. We had 40 recaptures over a period range of three to 696 days, with 29 individuals recaptured once, nine recaptured twice and one recaptured three times. We analyzed the effectiveness of the marking method and considered VIE very efficient for population studies with snakes. The population of C. flavolineatus present clumped distribution in the study area, with the influence of proximity to the possible feeding area. Individuals perch at different heights in the forest, depending on the moon phase. Males and females have similar growth rates troughout the year and males have significantly larger tails. Despite the high number of individuals found, the population of C. flavolineatus can be up to twice as large.
AMANDA SANTANA OLIVEIRA Models of phenotypic evolution in mutualisms between plants and pollinating herbivores: interaction between different modes of natural and sexual selection Fecha: 29-sep-2021 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen Populations embedded within multispecific biological communities may be subject to conflicting natural selective regimes arising from ecological interactions that can promote or constrain trait evolution and diversification. Another selective pressure that can influence diversification is sexual selection, for example when there is scramble competition among males for females. In this study, we investigated how different selective pressures shape the evolution and diversification of ecological and sexual traits under varying levels of genetic correlation, using a well-known mutualistic plant-pollinator/herbivore system as biological reference. In doing so, we developed an individual-based model (IBM) of adaptive diversification to model trait evolution in the plant (Datura wrightii) and moth (Manduca sexta) considering combinations of five key parameters, namely:(i) the strength of intraspecific competition, (ii) the impact of herbivory on plants, (iii) the number of individual mutualistic partners and the proportion of the plant population each insect assesses , (iv) the strength of the genetic correlation between ecological and sexual traits and (v) the strength of selection sexual. In our simulations there was no diversification in the pollinators ecological and sexual traits in any scenario. The plant ecological trait underwent adaptive diversification, showing a variety of patterns that include polymorphisms, speciation-extinction cycles and adaptive radiations, depending on the parametric combinations. Beyond frequency-dependent intraspecific competition, herbivory is also a diversifying force in this system, whereas mutualisms constrain diversification by imposing stabilizing selection. In this sense, increasing both the number of individual mutualistic partners and the proportion of the plant population each individual insect assesses constrain diversification. The effect of a strong genetic correlation between the pollinator ecological and sexual traits is to couple the evolutionary dynamics of the plant and insect traits, imposing the direction of sexual selection to the plant emerging diversification pattern. In this system, adaptation and response to selection is a tug of war between different selection pressures. In the future, models aimed at investigating how different evolutionary forces arising from ecological and sexual interactions shape trait evolution within metacommunities can shed light on the processes of adaptive diversification and ecological speciation, advancing our understanding of the origins of biodiversity and supporting conservation strategies.
JERFERSON DE LIMA FREIRES Spatiotemporal distribution of mangrove and apicun species from the Mamanguape River estuary, Paraíba State Fecha: 27-sep-2021 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The mangrove ecosystem is being subjected to various anthropogenic pressures, including effects related to climate change and changes in watershed. In this sense, detailed monitoring of the distribution of mangrove features can provide important information on how this ecosystem is responding to these pressures. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of mangrove species and saltflats (hypersaline plains) from the estuary of the Mamanguape River, Paraíba State, Brazil. Using the Random Forest algorithm, Landsat satellite image classifications were performed to identify the different features in the estuary in 1985, 2001 and 2020. The results identified 17 classes, 9 belonging to the mangrove and 8 associated class. The class composed of R. mangle, A. schaueriana and L. racemosa was the dominant one. The analysis of the change in the composition of mangrove species in the Mamanguape River estuary showed that the class of R. mangle, A. schaueriana and L. racemosa and the class of A. schaueriana decreased, while the class R. mangle and L. racemosa and the apicum class increased during the study period. Aquaculture was identified as the main cause of loss of the Mamanguape river mangrove area. Between 1985 and 2020 the mangrove lost 117 ha, however, it also showed potential for regeneration and expansion, but with a lower intensity in relation to the loss of area.
JÉSSICA JOSEANE VIANA DE VASCONCELOS INFLUENCE OF SALINITY ON VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF MANGROVE SPECIES IN AN ESTUARY IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL Fecha: 10-jun-2021 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Mangrove is an ecosystem of high ecological, social and economic importance. The present study tested the hypothesis that the mangrove forests present a structural gradient along the estuary of the Mamanguape River, State of Paraíba, Brazil, and that the distribution of mangrove species is related to the gradient of salinity along the estuary. Stand structure was performed using the plot method. Four plant especies: Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn., Avicennia schaueriana Stapft & Leechm., Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. and Rhizophora mangle L were recorded. In all stands, the average DBH ranged from 6.13 to 16 cm, the average height from 5.1 to 11.8 m, the basal area from 4.84 to 20.2 m2/ha and the density from 1,333 to 3,000 individuals/ha. No pattern was identified in the vegetation structure, but the species zonation along the estuary was identified, which was attributed to pore-water salinity variation. Avicennia schaueriana presented the highest values of relative density and dominance. Avicennia germinans exhibited higher density in the upper estuary (less marine influence) and Rhizophora mangle in the lower estuary (greater marine influence). Laguncularia racemosa showed an increasing trend towards the continent and Avicennia schaueriana showed an inverse trend.

2020
Descripción
JESSICA TAMARA TARGINO DE BRITO COMPARATION OF CARBON STOCKS BETWEEN MANGROVE, SALT FLATS AND SHRIMP PONDS IN BARRA DO MAMANGUAPE, PARAÍBA, BRAZIL Asesor : PABLO RIUL Fecha: 22-dic-2020 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen In view of the ecological importance of mangroves, it is essential to assess the production and allocation of carbon in the aboveground and belowground biomass of these forests by the sea to estimate their contribution to the global carbon cycle. In view of this, this study aimed to estimate the aerial and belowground biomass of the Mangrove swamp of the Rio Mamanguape, as well as in salt flats and Shrimp ponds and to estimate the total carbon stock in mangrove and salt flats. A total of 447 individuals of Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia schaueriana and Laguncularia racemosa were sampled. The R. mangle species showed greater abundance among the sampled species. The structural parameters of the forest did not show significant differences between the points in the mangrove area. The study area showed high development compared to other Brazilian mangroves. Both aboveground and belowground biomass values showed significantly higher values than in salt flats and Shrimp ponds. The present work estimated the total biomasses of mangrove, salt flats and belowground biomass in Barra do Mamanguape, Paraiba, Brazil, generating subsidies for an assessment of carbon stocks and the potential for CO2 emissions in the face of deforestation in mangrove and salt flats areas.
MARIANA CARNEIRO DE ANDRADE THE AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF BIRD SONGS: IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY AND UNDERSTANDING THE LIMITATIONS OF TEMPLATE MATCHING Fecha: 24-nov-2020 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen A landscape continually altered by habitat loss poses an imminent threat to biological diversity, and only by monitoring the status of species, their local populations, and the environments in which they live, can we predict results and outline efficient strategies that optimize the use of natural resources. In this scenario, there is an urgent need for faster ways to access information on biodiversity, which traditional long-term monitoring projects do not provide immediately. Autonomous methods of monitoring in situ and analysis, such as the use of autonomous recorders and automatic detection, have taken ecological research to a new level. Here we evaluate and improve the efficiency of automatic detection of template matching through cross-correlation of spectrograms in the neotropical White-winged Becard bird. We have seen that the performance of the search algorithm depends on the physical structure of the template. As our target species has syllables with variable structures, the selection of the most efficient template is very relevant. Adding a template to the set can improve overall efficiency, especially if a structural difference leads to complementary detections. The cutoff value was decisive for a good performance of the template, and calibrating them individually can provide the best balance between the number of detections and the precision of each template and, therefore, improve the overall efficiency of detection. We conclude then that the success of the automatic detection analysis must consider not only structural differences within the same repertoire component but also the geographical variation and the seasonality of the species' behavior.
ANDRESSA ROCHA FRAGA STRUCTURE OF THE MAMMALIAN COMMUNITY IN AGROECOSYSTEM REGION IN THE SOUTHERN PANTANAL OF MIRANDA, MATO GROSSO DO SUL Fecha: 29-oct-2020 Hora: 14:30 Mostrar Resumen In recent years, agropastoral activities have been the main drivers of the decline of wild fauna due to the severe destruction of natural habitats. Brazil stands out in the world food production chain, with regions of great biodiversity, such as Pantanal and Cerrado, strongly altered for such activities. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze patterns of diversity in the medium and large terrestrial mammal community in an agroecosystem area composed of rice, soy and corn crops, pastures for livestock and areas with native vegetation in the Pantanal ecotone area and Cerrado in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. For this purpose, we use photographic trapping in annual campaigns, for two consecutive years, with a total sampling effort of 5,200 camera days, 3,399 independent records and 33 species records. We have also carried out a bibliographic survey of this groups species occurring in the State. We assess diversity at different scales from varying indices (say which ones) and calculate beta diversity. The Shannon-Wiener index indicated greater diversity in areas for livestock, in line with published results for the region, which we attribute to the persistence of fragments of native vegetation in the habitat. The greatest dissimilarity was obtained between areas of native vegetation in Pantanal and those altered to irrigated rice cultivation (0.58), indicating that few species occupy abundant rice, while to the presence of others is detrimental. Finally, our results indicate that the evaluated agroecosystem maintains a diverse community of medium and large wild terrestrial mammals, possibly resulting from the spatial configuration of the area inserted in a mosaic of habitats in the ecotone between the Pantanal and Cerrado biomes.
IARA DOS SANTOS MEDEIROS SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF MANGROVE FOREST AND ASSOCIATION WITH STRANDINGS OF ANTILLEAN MANATEE CALVES (Trichechus manatus) IN PARAÍBA, BRAZIL Fecha: 30-sep-2020 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Estuarine environments are threated due to numerous anthropogenic factors. These coastal resources are intrinsically used by manatees in northeastern Brazil, which has contributed to the creation of protected coastal areas as a conservation strategy. The aim of the present study was to analyze and quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of mangroves in the state of Paraíba and the association with strandings of manatees calves. The study area encompassed 10 mangrove forests distributed along the coast of the state, four of which were located in federal protected areas: Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (AREI) of Mangroves of the Mamanguape River, Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of the Mamanguape River, the Restinga de Cabedelo National Forest (NATFOR) and the Acaú-Goiana Extractivist Reserve (EXTRES). Information on the mangrove forests was obtained from satellite images from the 1980s to the 2010s, considering the period before and after the creation of the conservation units. A databank with stranding records between 1980 and 2019 was used. The data were analyzed using supervised classification, the calculation of area and logistic regression. The mangrove forests had larger areas in the 1980s, with reductions in the subsequent periods and a small increase in the last decade. The number of stranded manatees increased over the years, with a higher number on the northern coast of the state. The smallest number of stranding events occurred in the 1980s, when the mangrove forests were larger. NATFOR and EXTRES had the most conserved mangrove forests on the temporal scale, whereas AREI and EPA had the largest reductions. Urban expansion, sugarcane monoculture and shrimp farming were the main negative impacts identified spatially for these protected areas. The present findings underscore the essentiality of the mangrove ecosystem to manatees. Regarding the effectiveness of the conservation units, the EXTRES was the most effective at maintaining mangrove forests and the AREI was the least effective.
SEBASTIAO SILVA DOS SANTOS HOME RANGE OF RELEASED ANTILLEAN MANATEES (Trichechus manatus) IN BRAZIL Fecha: 30-sep-2020 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen The distribution of Antillean manatees is influenced by physical and environmental factors, and this knowledge determines to support the species' conservation strategies. For this reason, this study aimed to identify the home range of Antillean manatees released in Brazil and characterize their areas of use. This study was conducted in the states of Paraíba, Sergipe and Bahia (northeastern Brazil) between 2016 and 2019. Six animals were monitored using VHF and satellite radio tags. For the characterization of the areas, methods were employed that enabled identifying the type of environment, type of soil, depth, food items, physicochemical variables of the water as well as the presence of solid waste, human occupations and boats. The size of the home ranges of the manatees ranged from 2.56 km² to 42.07 km² and fidelity sites were located in protected areas. No significant differences in home ranges were found between the dry and rainy seasons, but a significant difference was found between sexes, with males covering larger areas than females. Most animals (83.33%) adapted to life in the wild. The animals predominantly used areas with depths of up to 1.50 meters A reduction in the availability of food items occurred over the years and resources were more available in the dry season. The spatiotemporal identification of habitat use patterns by manatees and the mapping of intensely used areas can assist administrators of conservation units in defining priority areas for conservation of the Antillean manatee in Brazil.
NATALIA DOS SANTOS FALCAO SATURNINO USING PASSIVE ACOUSTIC MONITORING TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY, ROADS AND ACOUSTIC NOISE ON LOCAL BIRD DIVERSITY Fecha: 07-ago-2020 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen In this research, first, we seek to create a passive acoustic monitoring protocol that allows standardized sampling of birds in the Caatinga Biome, reducing time and space effort in the field, with minimal loss of diversity information. We deployed 11 autonomous recording units that documented the environment for about 40 hours, generating MP3 files with approximately six hours and then cut these files into one minute files and we listened to one minute every 10 (6 minutes per hour), totaling 2595 minutes heard. We proposed a reduction in sampling effort in terms of time and space (4min / h sampling along the period of highest vocal activity) and compared the results to the estimates made with a full sampling effort (6min/h, 24h/day, over 11 points). Thereat we were able to attain 88% of the species information of the overall dataset (73/83 species). Then, we applied this protocol at FLONA-Açu, also analyzing the influence of roads, noise and environmental variables on the diversity of birds. We conclude that the environment and roads have a negative influence on birds, that is, the closer to the roads, the less diversity. Understanding the diversity of species in an area is essential for understanding nature and, therefore, optimizing the management of the area for the conservation of natural resources.
ANTONIO JÚDSON TARGINO MACHADO ACUTE TOXICITY AND EFFECT OF THE CO-EXPOSURE OF AMINO-FUNCTIONALIZED POLYSTYRENE NANOPARTICLES WITH POTASSIUM DICHROMATE AND COOPER SULFATE ON THE SURVIVAL OF THE BRINE SHRIMP Artemia franciscana Fecha: 27-jul-2020 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen The increasing use of nanoplastics and their subsequent disposal in the marine environment has become a persistent problem. Thus, simulating realistic scenarios to understand its effects on the biota is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of amino-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH2; 50 nm) to A. franciscana under different culture conditions and developmental stages, as well as the effects of co-exposures with PS-NH2 and either potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) or copper sulfate (CuSO4) on larvae survival. Nauplii (stage II or III) were exposed to PS-NH2 (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 5 μg.mL-1), for up to 48 hours, with or without agitation. Bioaccumulation of the nanoparticles was monitored under a light microscope. For co-exposure assays, the animals were exposed to associations of PS-NH2 (0.005 and 5 μg.mL-1) with K2Cr2O7 (1; 5; 7.5; 10; 15; 25 and 50 μg.mL-1) or CuSO4 (1; 3, 4, 5, 10 and 30 μg.mL-1). PS-NH2 alone showed toxicity at the highest concentration tested (48 h of exposure). The incubation method was not relevant (35% and 38.8% survival; without and with agitation, respectively), and instar III nauplii were the most sensitive (61.8% survival; 24 h exposure). An increase in PS-NH2 in the gastrointestinal tract was observed in a concentration/time-dependent manner. The mixture of PS-NH2 (0.005 and 5 μg.mL-1) with K2Cr2O7 increased larval mortality after 48 h of exposure, compared with PS-NH2 alone. A similar result was observed in the co-exposure of PS-NH2 (5 μg.mL-1) with CuSO4 for 48 h. However, a decrease in mortality was observed in co-exposures with PS-NH2 (0.005 μg.mL-1) and CuSO4, compared to the toxicant alone. These results indicate that PS-NH2 may pose potential risks of toxicity and biomagnification to aquatic ecosystems. They also highlight the relevance of studies on the effects of co-exposure to nanoplastics with environmental contaminants on aquatic organisms.
CICERO PEREIRA DE OLIVEIRA NETO COMUNIDADE DE PHLEBOTOMINAE (DIPTERA, PSYCHODIDAE) EM ÁREA DE TRANSMISSÃO DE LEISHMANIOSES, LITORAL NORTE DA PARAÍBA, BRASIL Asesor : ELAINE FOLLY RAMOS Fecha: 27-feb-2020 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen .

2019
Descripción
LAÍZA DE QUEIROZ VIANA BRAGA Serological and molecular profile of 20 parasites and clinical evaluation of ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in an agroecosystem in Pantanal of Miranda, Brazil Fecha: 25-nov-2019 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Investigating parasites in wildlife fauna is important for understanding how they remain present in the wild as for the risks they pose to the health of their hosts, especially when they can also infect domestic animals and humans. However, just a few researches have worked involving a wide parasitic panel and the infeccions influence on the health of wild animals. Here, we investigated 20 parasites in carnivores through indirect (IFAT, ELISA, MAT, AAT and FAVN) and direct (molecular and parasitological) tests, selected by their pathogenic potential for wild and domestic animals and/or human. In parallel, we evaluated clinical aspects, body conditions, hematocrit and 13 biochemical parameters. For this purpose, 13 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and 12 crabeating fox (Cerdocyon thous) were captured in a mosaic composed by rice fields, pasture and native forest in the Pantanal of Miranda, Brazil. We detected 14 parasites: seven transmitted by ticks, four trypanosomatids, Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira and rabie virus, of which eight showned a higher than 50% prevalence. The coinfection rate per individual oscilated between two and nine parasites. We describe the first report of Rangelia vitalli in vertebrates in the Pantanal and Crithidia mellificae in carnivores. 18 animals showed clinical and/or laboratory aspects alterations. Ocelots were more parasitized and more affected in clinical and laboratory aspects than crab-eating foxes. We highlight the Leptospiras serum prevalence and the high titers (up to 6,400), indicating active cycle. We detected 17 serovars, being the first description of Cynopteri, Butembo and Bataviae in free-living carnivores in Brazil and Autumnalis and Copenhageni in ocelots. The most prevalent infective serovars indicate superposition with the parasite bovine cycle. We discuss Leptospira in the area from One Healths perspective. The work results may be related to the animals continuous exposure to agrochemicals, due to its immunosuppressive effect. With the release of several compounds in Brazil in 2019, its imperative to expand research about their impacts on wildlife.
TARCIANNE MARIA DE LIMA OLIVEIRA MOLECULAR ECOEPIDEMIOLOGY OF Triatoma petrocchiae IN RIO GRANDE DO NORTE AND PARAÍBA STATES AND ITS VECTOR POTENTIALITY Fecha: 30-ago-2019 Hora: 15:00 Mostrar Resumen Triatoma petrocchiae is the new member of the Triatoma brasiliensis species complex. This species overlaps with T. brasiliensis in the geographic and ecotypic occupation of the wild habitat, as both inhabit rocky outcrops in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. Unlike T. brasiliensis, T. petrocchiae is rarely found in peri or intradomestic habitats reason why little is known about this species. Therefore, we present the first information about the molecular ecoepidemiology of T. petrocchiae and its vectorial potentiality. We used the Tajima D test for access to signs of recent historical demographic events, suggesting that the species is evolving in mutation-drift equilibrium in our collection area. Only two wild populations of T. petrocchiae had Trypanosoma cruzi infected insects, exhibiting 4% (3/68) of parasitic prevalence. A highly sensitive molecular method - Fluorescent Fragment Length Barcoding (FFLB) - was used to genotype these parasites using the DNA from the gut content and all insects harbored TcI. Among the biological parameters studied, we highlight the short time observed between the meal and defecation - an important characteristic for the transmission of T. cruzi. The species presented an average of two minutes to defecate in the early stages (N1, N2, N3 and N4), and an average of 1 minute for N5 and adult stages. Overall, 22.36% of insect defecations occurred during the repast. The results of the bionomic experiments and on the genetic variation of T. petrocchiae were similar to those observed for T. brasiliensis. Genetically, both exhibit little geographical structure within the sampling range. Regarding T. cruzi infection, the prevalence is lower for T. petrocchiae than for T. brasiliensis. Bionomic studies of T. petrocchiae revealed that the species had biological characteristics comparable to important Chagas disease vectors - including T. brasiliensis, which may favor the transmission of T. cruzi to humans. Thus, this triatomine must be kept under constant entomological surveillance.
MAYARA DE SOUSA DANTAS Structural and functional parameters of landscape classes in an area of occurrence of Sapajus flavius (Schreber, 1774), blonde capuchin monkey, in Paraíba, Brazil. Fecha: 23-ago-2019 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen Forest fragmentation and habitat loss cause changes in landscape structure and changes in species activity patterns. This present research aimed to determine the structural and functional parameters of the landscape classes used by individuals of Sapajus flavius, blonde capuchin monkey. The landscape classes of forest, sugarcane plantations and orchards were digitized on screen in Qgis software (version 2.18.0), using the Google Earth Pro image, as well as the distances that individuals entered the sugarcane plantations were calculated. Metrics in the V-late extension of ArcGis software, version 10.3, and connectivity metrics in the Fragstats 4.2 software were calculated. The landscape classes were defined, the frequency of visits was recorded, and the types of uses by individuals (feeding, displacements, and collecting sugarcane and/or fruits) were monitored. The Forest class measured approximately 2,657.8 ha, the sugarcane plantations 5,202.9 ha and the orchards, 0.92 ha. The analysis of the landscape metrics showed the fragmentation of the forest class and the low permeability of the matrix formed by the sugarcane plantations, since the maximum distance that the individuals entered the plantations was 20 meters. The matrix works as habitat complementation, being the most visited landscape class. Individuals collected sugarcane in the sugarcane plantations; they collected fruits in the orchards; and they consumed sugarcane, native and exotic fruits in the Forest. The matrix, formed by sugarcane plantations were not used by individuals to move to other forest fragments. The data reinforce the importance of creating corridors of native vegetation, increasing the connectivity of the landscape, allowing the movement of individuals and contributing to the conservation of the species.
MARIA CLARA DE CLARO LIRA LAGARTIXAS URBANAS E EFEITOS DA VIDA NA CIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE DA MORFOLOGIA E PARASITOS DO LAGARTO TROPICAL TROPIDURUS HISPIDUS (SPIX, 1825) Fecha: 18-jun-2019 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen As atividades humanas tem transformado profundamente a natureza por meio de modificacoes da paisagem como, por exemplo, a conversao de florestas para agropecuaria, construcoes de estradas e cidades. As areas urbanas podem exercer uma poderosa forca seletiva nas especies, atuando como um filtro e alterando drasticamente as comunidades e as interacoes ecologicas. Essa nova pressao seletiva pode induzir rapidas mudancas fenotipicas, apresentando variacoes na morfologia, assim como na composicao e estrutura de comunidade de parasitos em especies que exploram o meio urbano. Como resultado, este e o primeiro estudo realizado com o lagarto Tropidurus hispidus no Brasil, que avaliou e observou variacoes morfologicas comparando populacoes urbanas e naturais. O estresse urbano tambem afeta a estrutura parasitologica desses lagartos, apresentando um padrao na composicao de especies comuns de parasitas que infectam T. hispidus provenientes de habitats antropicos (areas urbanas e impactadas). Alem disso, como a composicao de especies comuns e abundantes e similar entre T. hispidus e habitats antropicos, as especies raras sao comuns aquelas presentes em outras especies de lagartos (por exemplo, Hemidactylus mabouia, Phyllopezus pollicaris) provenientes de areas antropicas. Mostrando uma pressao comum dentro das populacoes de T. hispidus, bem como entre os ecossistemas antropicos.
JESSICA MARIA PEREIRA DE SOUZA FRANÇA EVENTOS DE BRANQUEAMENTO E DOENÇAS E SEUS EFEITOS NA INTEGRIDADE TECIDUAL E NA COMPOSIÇÃO DOS ÁCIDOS GRAXOS DO CORAL Siderastrea stellata VERRILL, 1868 DOS RECIFES COSTEIROS DA PARAÍBA Fecha: 29-mar-2019 Hora: 14:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen Branqueamento e doencas em corais tem sido apontados como as principais causas do declinio da biodiversidade dos recifes. Tais episodios vem sendo registrados desde 1970 e quando ocorrem afetam a taxa de crescimento, reproducao e a sintese de compostos organicos das especies, promovem a expulsao das zooxantelas, rompem as relacoes simbioticas que corais mantem com seus holobiontes, entre outros efeitos. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos desses eventos na integridade tecidual e na sintese dos acidos graxos do coral Siderastrea stellata e de suas zooxantelas simbiontes, nos recifes costeiros da Paraiba. Laminas histologicas foram preparadas usando fragmentos dos corais saudaveis, branqueados e doentes, coradas com eosina e hematoxilina (H&E), fotografadas em microscopio binocular em varios aumentos e analisadas. Tambem foram analisadas laminas histologicas do coral S. stellata pertencente ao acervo do LARBIM/UFPB. Os acidos graxos foram analisados para as mesmas amostras coletadas, apos metilacao dos lipidios com acido cloridrico e metanol, separacao das fases com heptano, e quantificacao gravimetrica apos evaporacao dos solventes. Os esteres metilicos de acidos graxos foram determinados por transesterificacao direta da biomassa usando um cromatografo a gas equipado com detector FID. As analises histologicas demostraram diferentes respostas teciduais, quando comparadas entre as condicoes de saude dos corais, a exemplo de hiperplasia da mesogleia que chegam a comprimir a epiderme, necrose celular e microrganismos associados a colonias branqueadas, o que nao foi observado em colonias saudaveis. Alem das alteracoes histologicas observadas nas colonias branqueadas e doentes, o estudo revelou diferencas e alteracoes na composicao dos acidos graxos entre as diferentes condicoes de saude analisadas, indicando que tais analises podem contribuir para o real entendimento das respostas bioquimicas de especies de corais na presenca de agentes estressores.
JULIA MARTINI FALKENBERG Metazoan parasites of grey mullet Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae): preference for microhabitats, co-occurrence of gill parasites and new occurrence records Fecha: 01-mar-2019 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Mugil curema is a pelagic species that occurs on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and in the eastern Pacific, and it is considered the most common species of the Mugilidae family on the Brazilian coast. The objective of this study was to compile the existing information on the metazoan parasites of this host by generating an inventory of parasitic fauna, in addition to collecting and identifying specimens in the Cabedelo city region, state of Paraíba, Brazil. We also studied the distribution of ectoparasite species on the gills of this host, asking if (1) the gill parasites of M. curema fix on specific host gill arches and/or (2) cooccur in the same gill arches within a host individual; (3) if the abundance of one parasite species affects the abundance of another on the same gill arches and (4) considering distinct major groups, if parasites present patterns of cooccurrence on hosts and gill arches different from the expected at random. In the bibliographic survey, 81 taxa belonging to ten groups were recorded for the host M. curema. In addition, 16 species were recorded in the Cabedelo region, of which eight showed the first record of occurrence in M. curema. Monogenea was the most abundant taxa, followed by Copepoda. Three species of Monogenea (Ligophorus brasiliensis, Ligophorus sp. 1 and Ligophorus sp. 2) and six species of Copepoda were recorded (Bomolochus nitidus, Caligus praetextus, Ergasilus atafonensis, E. bahiensis, E. caraguatatubensis and E. lizae). We found that, in general, the gill parasites were more abundant/prevalent on specific arches (I and II) of the hosts, shared such preferences and co-occurred on the gill arches. The presence of one species influenced the occurrence of another only in the arches I and II; as a result, the infracommunities were characterized as interactive in the gills of this host species. Despite the number of existing parasitological studies reporting on this host species, new records of occurrence were made for the Cabedelo region and for the host, highlighting the need for gathering knowledge on the parasites associated with this species, especially because it has a large geographic distribution.
PEDRO RICARDO ALEXANDRE DE ALBUQUERQUE DIVERSITY PATTERNS OF THE CAATINGA SNAKES, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL Fecha: 27-feb-2019 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Traditionally, competition and environmental filters are considered the most influent factors in the assembly process of communities. With relation to the diversity components of the communities, it is expected that those that are influenced by competition present patterns of phylogenetic and functional overdispersion, while the environmental filters must generate communities that are phylogenetic and functionally clustered. In this study we sought to determine the processes that led to the assembly of the Caatinga snake assemblages accessing their diversity components. We obtained the functional traits and distribution data of the snakes in this biome through a literature review. To access the diversity components of the assemblages we used phylogenetic and functional metrics and we also performed linear regressions to test the relation of the different diversity components between each other and with the niche availability and the area of the Caatinga ecoregions. Our results showed that most of the Caatinga ecoregions have snake assemblages with random phylogenetic and functional patterns, not strongly influenced by competition or environmental filters. We did not find any relation between phylogenetic and functional diversity, although all the functional traits showed phylogenetic signal, indicating that the phylogenetic diversity includes key traits that are not considered in the functional analysis. Furthermore, none of the components of diversity are related to the niche availability. Only for the taxonomic diversity we found relation with the area of the ecoregions.
WILLIAM MEDEIROS DA SILVA Carretel de rastreamento em serpentes da mata atlântica no município de Rio Tinto, Paraíba Brasil. Fecha: 26-feb-2019 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen Serpentes possuem uma plasticidade fisiologica, morfologica e comportamental, que as torna excelentes modelos para estudos ecologicos. Apesar disso, muitos pesquisadores relutam em trabalhar com o grupo, perdurando as lacunas no conhecimento acerca desses animais, de modo que informacoes basicas de muitas especies ainda sao incompletas ou inexistentes. Recentes inovacoes tecnologicas permitiram que novos campos da ciencia fossem aplicados ao grupo, como a ecologia do movimento. Estudos deste tipo nos revelam dados sobre como os organismos utilizam seu habitat. Dentre as metodologias usadas para monitorar serpentes, as que obtiveram sucesso foram o po de rastreamento, a radio-telemetria e o carretel de rastreamento. A radio-telemetria e a mais eficaz, porem o preco elevado e as dificuldades no acesso ao equipamento restringem sua utilizacao. Alem disso, o metodo fornece apenas o ponto de localizacao do animal, enquanto demais informacoes como distancia percorrida e trajetoria sao apenas estimados. Apesar de nao ser eficaz para monitoramento a prazos extremamente longos, com o carretel de rastreamento e possivel visualizar e analisar o percurso exato percorrido pelo animal, alem de ter menor custo e mais facil acesso. O presente trabalho mostra a utilizacao do carretel em serpentes num fragmento de Mata Atlantica do municipio de Rio Tinto no estado da Paraiba, Brasil. No primeiro capitulo nos testamos a tecnica do carretel de rastreamento em 71 serpentes de 25 diferentes especies onde em 35 de 14 especies a tecnica foi bem-sucedida, em 14 individuos de 5 especies ela falhou, e outras 28 serpentes de 12 especies foram excluidas por falta de compatibilidade com o metodo. No segundo capitulo, nos analisamos o monitoramento das especies que foram consideradas adequadas no capitulo um, relacionado as variacoes no movimento com as variaveis morfometricas e ambientais atraves dos testes ANOVA e GLM. Neste capitulo, as serpentes foram divididas por familias e cada uma teve preditores diferentes, porem para praticamente todas as familias, a temperatura ambiente foi o preditor de maior influencia na taxa de movimentacao das serpentes.

2018
Descripción
ISIS EMANUELE DIAS MARTINS DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE MACROALGAS EM MANGUEZAIS DO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA, COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE O ESTUÁRIO DO RIO MAMANGUAPE E ESTUÁRIO DO RIO PARAÍBA. Asesor : GEORGE EMMANUEL CAVALCANTI DE MIRANDA Fecha: 31-jul-2018 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen N/A
MARIA MAYARA DA SILVA RIBEIRO DE MORAIS COMPONENTES DE DIVERSIDADE DAS SERPENTES DO CENTRO DE ENDEMISMO PERNAMBUCO Fecha: 31-jul-2018 Hora: 09:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen O uso dos componentes funcional e filogenetico da diversidade, alem da riqueza amplamente utilizada, tem se mostrado como uma estrategia eficaz para o planejamento de conservacao uma vez que se torna possivel maximizar a protecao de areas de maior estabilidade. Neste estudo nos propomos utilizar uma abordagem integrativa levando em consideracao a riqueza das serpentes e a diversidade funcional e filogenetica a fim de identificar locais de maiores valores de diversidade no Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco (CEP). Alem disso, analisar se as Unidades de Conservacao contidas nessas areas estao dentro desses locais mais diversos. Utilizando dados de morfologia e ocorrencia das especies calculamos indices de diversidade funcional e filogenetica e descobrimos muitas areas de incompatibilidade e poucas areas de congruencia entre os componentes de diversidade. Ainda, revelamos uma distribuicao desigual dos componentes dentro das areas de conservacao do CEP: a diversidade taxonomica foi a mais representada dentro das UCs enquanto a diversidade filogenetica foi sub-representada. Sugerimos areas selecionadas para futuros planejamentos de conservacao como tambem uma correlacao com fatores ambientais para um entendimento mais completo de nossos resultados. Por fim, enfatizamos a necessidade do uso integrado dos componentes da diversidade nos planejamentos de conservacao.
EDILENE CRISTINA NASCIMENTO COSTA INTEGRANDO PROCESSOS EVOLUTIVOS A UM PORTFÓLIO DE CONSERVAÇÃO DE MAMÍFEROS MARINHOS Fecha: 25-may-2018 Hora: 14:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen A atual crise da biodiversidade exige o direcionamento urgente de acoes de conservacao envolvendo aspectos sociais, economicos e cientificos. Uma resposta comum a esse desafio e a criacao de reservas naturais. Em teoria, o principal objetivo da criacao de uma reserva natural e a protecao e conservacao da biodiversidade ao longo do tempo. No entanto, na pratica, essa meta geralmente nao e alcancada. No entanto, na pratica, a maioria das atuais abordagens de conservacao concentra-se apenas em hotspots de biodiversidade, em especial areas com alta riqueza de especies ou endemicos, mas geralmente nao considera a conservacao de processos evolutivos dos quais a biodiversidade se origina e, portanto, falha no objetivo de conservacao no longo prazo. Neste artigo, nos fornecemos uma resposta para este problema, propondo um portfolio de areas prioritarias para conservacao de mamiferos marinhos considerando complementaridade e processos evolutivos. Nosso objetivo e testar se a inclusao da estimativa da taxa de diversificacao na analise de priorizacao espacial altera de maneira significativa a alocacao das prioridades de conservacao quando comparado a um portfolio baseado em complementaridade apenas. A comparacao entre as abordagens mostra como a inclusao da estimativa da taxa de diversificacao altera o cenario das priorizacoes espaciais para mamiferos marinhos. De um modo geral, ambas as abordagens identificam areas prioritarias ao longo das aguas da Zona Economica Exclusiva nos dois hemisferios, porem em proporcoes diferentes. Uma abordagem considerando estimativa da taxa de diversificacao fornece uma oportunidade de identificar areas nas quais os clados irradiaram mais ativamente, podendo ajudar a conservar os potenciais centros de origem de especies e, assim complementar as estimativas baseadas apenas em riqueza de especies.
WILMARA GUEDES DE LUCENA VARIAÇÃO ACÚSTICA DE AVES EM FLORESTAS SECAS NEOTROPICAIS E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O CLIMA Fecha: 27-feb-2018 Hora: 14:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen A principal função biológica do canto é o reconhecimento específico, e este está submetido aos mesmos processos de evolução que outras características fenotípicas, podendo ser utilizado para o estudo da história evolutiva de diferentes populações de aves. Divergências ecológicas também desempenham um papel importante neste processo. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender como os efeitos dos padrões biogeográficos e fatores físicos do ambiente interferem na variação acústica de aves que vivem em florestas secas Neotropicais (Caatinga e Chaco). Para isto foram testadas as hipóteses: H1) os pares de táxons/populações apresentam variações vocais de acordo com o bioma, H2) Existem variáveis climáticas entre as áreas que são mais importantes para distribuição destes táxons/populações; e H3) o ambiente afeta os parâmetros vocais das espécies, de forma que existe um padrão geral de acordo com regras eco-geográficas. Selecionamos 376 cantos para a análise com base na qualidade de gravação e componente do canto de seis pares de táxons/populações que ocorrem na Caatinga e no Chaco. Utilizamos modelos de Nicho Ecológico para avaliar, visualmente, o nicho abiótico das espécies de estudo, e utilizamos os dados das variáveis climáticas para testar estatisticamente essa diferença. Modelos de regressão foram utilizados para verificar a diferença entre o canto e o clima das áreas de estudo. Além disso, utilizamos protocolos desenvolvidos para verificar diferença entre espécies a partir de dados acústicos. Foram verificados diferenças acústicas e climáticas entre as áreas de estudo de acordo com os diferentes pares. Além disso, a frequência máxima demonstrou um padrão em todos os pares (menor ao sul). Nosso estudo apoia a hipótese que o ambiente é central na evolução vocal, e diferenças climáticas podem levar à divergência acústica. Tal variação pode estar associada ao tamanho corporal em resposta à variação de temperatura (conforme descrito no modelo de Bergmman).

2017
Descripción
RAMON LIMA SILVA ROADKILL PATTERNS OF VERTEBRATES IN FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE OF NORTH COAST OF PARAÍBA. Fecha: 30-oct-2017 Hora: 10:00 Mostrar Resumen The fauna roadkills is a recurrent problem all over the world, including in Brazil. The north coast of Paraiba presents several Atlantic Forest fragments along the BR-101 and PB-071 roads. This region is part of the Endemism Center of Pernambuco, known for its high biological diversity. These roads circulate the only federal conservation unit of State, the Biological Reserve Guaribas and pass near two other conservation units - Private Natural Heritage Reserves. Thus, to understand the mechanisms of roadkill patterns involved in the relationship between road projects and species is fundamental for species conservation, especially in this highly fragmented area and close to the few fauna refuges in the region. We monitored vertebrates roadkill patterns on BR-101 and PB-071 weekly between February 2016 and May 2017 and evaluated the influence of landscape characteristics and connectivity in the road-killed animals we found. We divided the sampling road in 63 segments of 1000m. In addition to roadkill rate, we assessed the clusters comparing global statistics K- Ripley and linear K- Ripley functions; we used graphic spatial analyses to identify the mapping clusters. Local hotspots were calculated by expected roadkills in relation to those observed in the Poisson distribution; we also used AIC method to verify which predictors showed better interpretation to the hotspots; and we assessed the connectivity between fragments. We obtained 232 records of road killed vertebrates. The most affected group was the mammals, mainly the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous (n=60). The species Leopardus pardalis, Aloutta belzebul e Penelope superciliares were registered and are threatened of extinction. Overall, most of the hotstpots was near to the wildlife passages and connectivity links, although the predictors varied among the groups analyzed. The New jerseys barrier is a potential problem for mammals and for C. thous. The information assembled in this study will serve as a basis for future mitigation projects.
BRUNA ELIZABETH SILVA DE PONTES POTENTIAL THREAT OF INVASIONS OF EXOTIC SERPENTS IN THE AMERICAN CONTINENT Fecha: 27-oct-2017 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen Invasive alien species are one of the major causes related to biodiversity loss and extinction at local and global scales. The exotic pets market has become one of the main pathway for entry of these species, being snakes among the most coveted animals by breeders. However, some factors can lead to the escape or release of these animals, allowing a future invasion into the environment and offering risks to the native fauna. In view of uncertainties about the risks that an invasive species may cause in a new region, ecological niche modeling is an important predictor of impacts that a species may cause in a new area before it is established. This work aims to verify the regions most susceptible to invasions of 14 species of snakes used as exotic pets in the American continent. To build the current models and others in two future perspectives for the year 2070, we use the algorithms MaxEnt, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine, implemented in the sdm package for the software R. The final model for each species was obtained through the Ensemble Forecasting technique. Our results suggest that the American continent offers places of great climatic suitability, with Central America, South America, Mexico, and South Florida being the regions with the greatest similarities, especially regions with characteristics of tropical and temperate climates. The species Python molurus and P. regius - the latter for future scenarios - showed the highest invasive potential among the analyzed species. Because the impacts caused by these species are unpredictable, the assessment of the distribution potential is a useful tool to determine areas that offer great climatic suitability and, consequently, highest risks of invasion.
MERCIA MARIA ARAUJO LUNA RESPOSTAS FOTOQUÍMICAS E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE ESPÉCIES DE MANGUE SOB DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE LUMININOSIDADE Fecha: 25-sep-2017 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen O elevado nivel de luminosidade pode ser decisivo para o sucesso ou fracasso na producao de mudas visando a restauracao de areas degradadas. O objetivo deste estudo e avaliar as respostas fotoquimicas no crescimento inicial de tres especies arboreas de mangue (Avicennia germinans (L.) L., Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn., Rhizophora mangle L.) sob tres niveis de luz (pleno sol, 50% e 80% de sombreamento). O experimento foi conduzido no municipio de Rio Tinto-PB, Brasil (06º49S, 35°03O), com duracao de 80 dias entre os meses de marco e junho de 2016. As analises dos transientes da fluorescencia da clorofila a e os parametros derivados da curva OJIP foram obtidos em folhas saudaveis no periodo de maior luminosidade (10:00-12:00h), quando as mudas completaram 60 dias de exposicao aos niveis de luz. Os dados morfologicos e as concentracoes de pigmentos fotossinteticos foram obtidos apos a realizacao das medidas de fluorescencia no final do experimento. A curva OJIP indicou fotoinibicao nas tres especies sob pleno sol. Houve queda no rendimento quantico fotoquimico (TRo/ABS) e aumento na dissipacao de energia (DIo/ABS) para as tres especies no tratamento de pleno sol. Entretanto, apenas L. racemosa apresentou queda significativa nos valores de ETo/TRo e ETo/ABS indicando dificuldade dessa especie em mover os eletrons pela cadeia transportadora nos tratamentos pleno sol e 50% sombreado. A reducao nas concentracoes de clorofila a e b revelaram ajuste das tres especies sob maior nivel luminoso. Para os parametros morfologicos altura e area foliar, os maiores valores foram obtidos nos ambientes mais sombreados. As mudas de R. mangle e A. germinans apresentaram as melhores respostas ao elevado nivel de luminosidade, sendo as mais aclimatadas as variacoes nos niveis de luz utilizados neste trabalho. Os resultados confirmam que o tratamento com maior nivel de sombreamento proporciona as melhores condicoes para o desenvolvimento das mudas.
IVAN LIVIO ROCHA SAMPAIO Ecologia de Helicops angulatus em Fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica no Litoral Norte da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil Asesor : GUSTAVO HENRIQUE CALAZANS VIEIRA Fecha: 11-sep-2017 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen O genero Helicops e o mais rico da tribo Hydropsini, com ampla distribuicao na America do Sul, sendo composto por 17 especies que fazem parte de uma linhagem de serpentes aquaticas. A cobra dagua Helicops angulatus e uma serpente noturna que se alimenta principalmente de peixes, com ampla distribuicao por varias regioes da America do Sul. Nesse trabalho, nos estudamos a ecologia de Helicops angulatus no litoral norte do estado da Paraiba. Nos analisamos 205 especimes, sendo 103 femeas e 102 machos. Foi encontrado dimorfismo sexual, onde femeas possuem maior tamanho corporal que os machos, e os machos apresentaram caudas maiores. Helicops angulatus consumiu uma grande variedade de peixes (75,6% do total de presas consumidas) e anfibios (24,4 %). A maior variedade de peixes foi da ordem dos Characiformes e Perciformes, e para os anfibios, identificamos ras da familia Leptodactylidae. Para os peixes, aproximadamente 96% das vezes, o sentido da ingestao foi antero-posterior, e para os anfibios 50%. A sobreposicao na dieta foi alta entre os sexos e nao houve relacao significativa no tamanho da serpente com o tamanho das presas. O ciclo reprodutivo foi continuo, com aumento do diametro dos foliculos no final da estacao chuvosa e a reproducao na estacao seca e inicio do periodo chuvoso. O numero de ovos por ninhada variou de tres ate treze ovos e houve relacao positiva entre o comprimento da serpente com o tamanho da ninhada, indicando que femeas maiores tem capacidade de produzir maiores ninhadas. Nossos resultados indicam que H. angulatus apresenta conservatismo nas caracteristicas ecologicas mesmo sobrevivendo em biomas distintos.
HENRIQUE DOUGLAS DOS SANTOS BORBOREMA MUDANÇAS AMBIENTAIS GLOBAIS, EFEITOS DA VARIAÇÃO DE TEMPERATURA, SALINIDADE E NUTRIENTES SOBRE O CRESCIMENTO DE ESPÉCIES DE Bostrychia (RHODOPHYTA) Fecha: 31-ago-2017 Hora: 10:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar e comparar o crescimento de Bostrychia binderi e Bostrychia montagnei em diferentes temperaturas, salinidades e condicoes de nutrientes, em decorrencia das mudancas climaticas globais e do continuo aporte de nutrientes, principalmente de fontes de nitrogenio e fosforo, para os ecossistemas aquaticos. Para obtencao de culturas unialgais de Bostrychia foi desenvolvido um protocolo de eliminacao de organismos associados aos talos com detergente liquido e hipoclorito de sodio. Amostras das especies de Bostrychia foram cultivadas experimentalmente em temperaturas de 24, 28 e 32°C, em salinidades de 18, 24, 30, 36 e 42psu, e em diferentes condicoes de nutrientes. B. binderi e B. montagnei apresentaram resistencia a temperatura maxima a que foram submetidas (32°C). A taxa de crescimento das especies foi similar em 28 e 32°C, e as maiores taxas de crescimento foram observadas quando as algas foram cultivadas em 24°C. As diferentes salinidades nao apresentaram efeito significativo sobre a taxa de crescimento das especies, corroborando com outros estudos ecofisiologicos com Bostrychia. Taxas de crescimento relativo negativas foram observadas em tratamentos em que nao houve enriquecimento do meio, sendo nas maiores temperaturas testadas (28 e 32°C) e baixas salinidades (18 e 24psu). As especies apresentaram tolerancia as altas concentracoes de nutrientes a que foram submetidas. Dados obtidos neste estudo permitem concluir que as especies analisadas estariam adaptadas em futuros cenarios de aquecimento global e de alteracoes em gradientes de salinidade, e que podem se estabelecer em condicoes eutroficas, devido sua tolerancia para altas concentracoes de nutrientes. Ao se considerar a resistencia de Bostrychia a elevadas temperaturas, variacao de salinidade e altas concentracoes de nutrientes, numa perspectiva de mudancas ambientais futuras este taxon sera fundamental em ecossistemas estuarinos, como uma relevante fonte de produtividade primaria e materia organica.
CAROLINA HOLANDA ALVES RUÍDO SONORO NA RODOVIA BR 230 E O IMPACTO PARA AVES TERRITORIALISTAS Fecha: 14-jul-2017 Hora: 09:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen Em areas urbanas, os limites dos niveis de ruido sao estabelecidos para evitar desconforto e prejuizo a saude humana. No entanto, quando observamos uma Unidade de Conservacao inserida nesse espaco urbano, nos deparamos com a falta de atencao aos possiveis impactos a fauna ali presente. Nos caracterizamos os niveis de ruido presente ao longo da Floresta Nacional da Restinga de Cabedelo, area de importancia para a manutencao ecologica do estuario do Rio Paraiba. Estao localizadas em area urbana, entre os municipios de Joao Pessoa e Cabedelo, e recebe influencia direta do trafego presente na rodovia BR-230. As medidas de intensidade do ruido foram feitas em termos L90, que representa o nivel de ruido em 90% do tempo. Relacionamos essas medidas aos niveis de ruido em uma area urbana sem vegetacao, e em outra UC localizada em uma area rural, sem intensa influencia do ruido do trafego. Os resultados demonstraram que os niveis de ruido de fundo na FLONA de Cabedelo se encontram superiores a 62 dB em 90% do tempo (L90), podendo apresentar valores altos, cerca de 70 dB. A UC numa area sem trafego, apresentou uma diferenca de 24 dB (L90), em relacao ao ruido encontrado na FLONA de Cabedelo. Na area sem vegetacao, observamos que a perda de energia sonora e menor, o que revela a eficiencia no papel da contencao do ruido pela vegetacao densa. Apesar de existirem leis que estabelecem os limites de ruido para a sociedade, nao vemos uma preocupacao no sentido de minimizar os efeitos para a fauna presente na area protegida. A metodologia demonstrou ser uma ferramenta eficiente neste estudo, o que serve de base para tomada de decisoes por parte dos gestores.
ALLANA BARBOSA DE SOUSA FEITOSA ANÁLISE DE FORRAGEIO EXTRATIVO E LATERALIDADE EM SEIS ESPÉCIES DE MACACO-PREGO EM CATIVEIRO. Fecha: 06-jul-2017 Hora: 14:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen Forrageio e a busca de alimento por animais e o forrageio extrativo e um tipo no qual o alimento deve ser removido de uma matriz (ex. frutos encapsulados, insetos no interior de galhos, tuberculos). Este tipo forrageio requer um maior nivel de controle motor e habilidade de manipulacao, o que alguns autores sugerem que promova preferencia para o uso da mao direita. Algumas especies de primatas que vivem em regioes fortemente sazonais ou de maior aridez parecem praticar o forrageio extrativo mais frequentemente. E possivel que nesses ambientes essas populacoes de primatas sejam mais lateralizadas. Lateralidade e a preferencia do uso de uma das maos ao realizar tarefas e e provavel que populacoes de macacos-prego de areas mais secas apresentem maior uso da mao direita, pois o forrageio extrativo nessas populacoes e mais frequente. Individuos de 6 especies de macaco-prego (Sapajus sp. e Cebus sp.), mantidas em cativeiro, foram testadas em relacao ao forrageio extrativo, usando entrenos fechados de bambus, e lateralidade, usando tubos de PVC com comida no interior (Tube task), que forcava os macacos a segurarem um tubo com uma mao e removerem o alimento com a outra. Foram observados 222 individuos, de diferentes instituicoes (zoologicos, centros de primatas e de triagem) de diferentes locais do Brasil. Os resultados indicam diferencas entre os dois generos e entre as especies de Sapajus. S. robustus e S. flavius foram as especies que apresentaram maior frequencia de forrageio extrativo e as que apresentaram preferencia pelo uso da mao direita. Contrario ao que se esperava, S. libidinosus apresentou menor media de forrageio extrativo do que S. robustus e S. flavius e preferiu usar a mao esquerda. S. apella e Cebus sp. tiveram as menores medias de forrageio extrativo e tambem preferiram usar a mao esquerda. Mesmo sendo individuos de cativeiro, a lateralidade das especies nao foi afetada ou influenciada pelo contato com humanos. E possivel que a especializacao em forrageio extrativo e uso de ferramentas nao estejam associados a preferencia pelo uso da mao direita como se tem pensado.

2016
Descripción
LAURA MARTINI FALKENBERG ECOLOGIA DE TAXOCENOSE DE ANFÍBIOS ANURO EM FRAGMENTO URBANO DE FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA NA CIDADE DE CABEDELO, PARAÍBA, BRASIL Asesor : GUSTAVO HENRIQUE CALAZANS VIEIRA Fecha: 05-oct-2016 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen ECOLOGIA DE TAXOCENOSE DE ANFIBIOS ANURO EM FRAGMENTO URBANO DE FLORESTA ATLANTICA NA CIDADE DE CABEDELO, PARAIBA, BRASIL
FELIPE ARAUJO DE OLIVEIRA VARIAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA NA ECOLOGIA DE Tantilla melanocephala (SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE), EM ÁREAS DE CAATINGA E FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA DO NORDESTE NA REGIÃO NEOTROPICAL. Asesor : FREDERICO GUSTAVO RODRIGUES FRANCA Fecha: 03-oct-2016 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Especies com ampla abrangencia geografica sao bons objetos de estudo para avaliar como as variacoes ambientais podem influenciar a sua ecologia. Neste trabalho, verificamos como as populacoes de Tantilla melanocephala (Serpentes: Colubridae) respondem as da Caatinga e da Floresta Atlantica do Nordeste. Foram analisados 252 especimes, 164 coletados em Floresta Atlantica e 88 em Caatinga.. As populacoes de T. melanocephala, apesar de ocuparem ambientes com temperatura, umidade, radiacao solar, vegetacao, regime de chuva, disponibilidade de alimento, dentre outros aspectos, diferentes, apresentam ecologia e morfologia conservada. Nao foi encontrado dimorfismo sexual e nem diferencas morfologicas na especie entre biomas. Alem disso, encontramos conservadorismo filogenetico na dieta da especie, que especializada no consumo de poucos itens alimentares, esses pertencentes a mesma Classe taxonomica Chilopoda. Porem, existem diferencas sutis nos generos de lacraias mais consumidos. Quanto a reproducao, as populacoes dos dois biomas sao similares no numero e tamanho dos ovos e foliculos. Foi encontrada variacao apenas no periodo de postura, o que pode ser relacionado as caracteristicas ambientais das regioes, como diferencas no regime de precipitacao. Tantilla melanocephala e uma serpente com influencia predominante de fatores historicos sobre sua ecologia, expressando alto grau de conservadorismo filogenetico em sua historia de vida.
ELAINE PESSOA PEDROSA ANÁLISE DA VIABILIDADE POPULACIONAL DA PREGUIÇA-COMUM (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1985) EM FRAGMENTO DE MATA ATLÂNTICA E AS PRINCIPAIS AMEAÇAS DOS AMBIENTES URBANOS NA PARAÍBA Fecha: 29-mar-2016 Hora: 14:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen A preguica-comum (Bradypus variegatus) tem chamado atencao devido aos diversos registros de populacoes isoladas em pequenos fragmentos florestais e por sua presenca em ambientes urbanos, estando vulneravel aos efeitos da estocasticidade demografica e ambiental, endogamia e perturbacoes nos ambientes urbanos. Este trabalho teve os objetivos de analisar a viabilidade populacional da preguica-comum e identificar as principais ameacas os ambientes urbanos na Paraiba. Para a analise da viabilidade populacional foi utilizado o programa Vortex, 10.1 para uma populacao na ReBio Guaribas (SEMA III). Cenarios foram construidos para Populacao Minima Viavel (PMV), capacidade de suporte, reproducao e suplementacao. Segundo o modelo, a populacao da SEMA III (n=28) e menor que a PMV (estimada em n=55), podendo extinguir-se localmente nos proximos 100 anos. A capacidade de suporte (k) para a populacao de preguica-comum na SEMA III e de k=113 e se mantem viavel para a PMV quando e reduzida (k=85). As femeas apresentaram uma taxa reprodutiva de 30%, mas quando esta taxa foi elevada em 40% no modelo, a populacao torna-se viavel. A suplementacao tambem depende da taxa de reproducao das femeas de 40%. A inviabilidade da populacao no cenario atual deve-se ao pequeno tamanho populacional e a baixa taxa reprodutiva das femeas. Manejar machos para proximo das femeas e/ou introduzir novos machos a intervalos de quatro anos aumentara a taxa reprodutiva das femeas. Para identificar as principais ameacas dos ambientes urbanos foram obtidas informacoes dos registros de recebimento de fauna no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres, Reserva Biologica Guaribas, Area de Protecao Ambiental da Barra do Rio Mamanguape e Parque Zoobotanico Arruda Camara, bem como o monitoramento dos individuos de preguica-comum na Praca Joao Pessoa, em Rio Tinto. A maioria dos registros de impactos para foram em ambientes urbanos (ruas, pracas e vilarejos) e em menor quantidade em rodovias (BR 101, BR 230 e PB 071). Os filhotes foram significativamente mais impactados (x2 = 17,0; gl = 1; p < 0,01). Os individuos registrados nos ambientes urbanos sofreram mais impactos do que aqueles registrados em rodovias (x2 = 4,78; gl = 1; p < 0,02). Os filhotes tambem sofreram maiores impactos na Praca Joao Pessoa, em Rio Tinto, apresentando 84,6% dos obitos. As mortes dos filhotes na Praca estao relacionadas com quedas das arvores e abandono pelas maes. Dentre os impactos em rodovias e em ambientes urbanos o abandono precoce de filhotes pelas maes parece ser o impacto mais negativo, pois os filhotes nao conseguem sobreviver longe das maes, morrendo logo apos serem levados ao CETAS.
ELAINE PESSOA PEDROSA ANÁLISE DA VIABILIDADE POPULACIONAL DA PREGUIÇA-COMUM (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1985) EM FRAGMENTO DE MATA ATLÂNTICA E AS PRINCIPAIS AMEAÇAS DOS AMBIENTES URBANOS NA PARAÍBA Fecha: 29-mar-2016 Hora: 14:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen A preguica-comum (Bradypus variegatus) tem chamado atencao devido aos diversos registros de populacoes isoladas em pequenos fragmentos florestais e por sua presenca em ambientes urbanos, estando vulneravel aos efeitos da estocasticidade demografica e ambiental, endogamia e perturbacoes nos ambientes urbanos. Este trabalho teve os objetivos de analisar a viabilidade populacional da preguica-comum e identificar as principais ameacas os ambientes urbanos na Paraiba. Para a analise da viabilidade populacional foi utilizado o programa Vortex, 10.1 para uma populacao na ReBio Guaribas (SEMA III). Cenarios foram construidos para Populacao Minima Viavel (PMV), capacidade de suporte, reproducao e suplementacao. Segundo o modelo, a populacao da SEMA III (n=28) e menor que a PMV (estimada em n=55), podendo extinguir-se localmente nos proximos 100 anos. A capacidade de suporte (k) para a populacao de preguica-comum na SEMA III e de k=113 e se mantem viavel para a PMV quando e reduzida (k=85). As femeas apresentaram uma taxa reprodutiva de 30%, mas quando esta taxa foi elevada em 40% no modelo, a populacao torna-se viavel. A suplementacao tambem depende da taxa de reproducao das femeas de 40%. A inviabilidade da populacao no cenario atual deve-se ao pequeno tamanho populacional e a baixa taxa reprodutiva das femeas. Manejar machos para proximo das femeas e/ou introduzir novos machos a intervalos de quatro anos aumentara a taxa reprodutiva das femeas. Para identificar as principais ameacas dos ambientes urbanos foram obtidas informacoes dos registros de recebimento de fauna no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres, Reserva Biologica Guaribas, Area de Protecao Ambiental da Barra do Rio Mamanguape e Parque Zoobotanico Arruda Camara, bem como o monitoramento dos individuos de preguica-comum na Praca Joao Pessoa, em Rio Tinto. A maioria dos registros de impactos para foram em ambientes urbanos (ruas, pracas e vilarejos) e em menor quantidade em rodovias (BR 101, BR 230 e PB 071). Os filhotes foram significativamente mais impactados (x2 = 17,0; gl = 1; p < 0,01). Os individuos registrados nos ambientes urbanos sofreram mais impactos do que aqueles registrados em rodovias (x2 = 4,78; gl = 1; p < 0,02). Os filhotes tambem sofreram maiores impactos na Praca Joao Pessoa, em Rio Tinto, apresentando 84,6% dos obitos. As mortes dos filhotes na Praca estao relacionadas com quedas das arvores e abandono pelas maes. Dentre os impactos em rodovias e em ambientes urbanos o abandono precoce de filhotes pelas maes parece ser o impacto mais negativo, pois os filhotes nao conseguem sobreviver longe das maes, morrendo logo apos serem levados ao CETAS.
CARLOS EDUARDO DE SOUSA GERMANO Aspectos ecológicos da Salamanta Epicrates assisi Machado 1945 (Serpente: Boidae) do litoral da Paraíba Fecha: 22-mar-2016 Hora: 09:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen Epicrates assisi foi elevada ao nível de espécie em um novo arranjo taxonômico baseado em análises de variações morfológicas, merísticas, padrões de cores e características morfométricas. A distribuição de E. assisi abrange regiões de Caatinga e Floresta Atlântica do Nordeste do Brasil, ocorrendo em quase toda a extensão do litoral nordestino. As informações disponíveis indicam E. assisi com tamanho máximo entre 1,6 m e 2 m de comprimento, de hábito crepuscular e noturno, terrestre, com reprodução vivípara e ninhadas variando de oito a vinte filhotes. Alimentando-se de mamíferos, aves e lagartos. Presume-se que populações de serpentes, incluindo os boídeos, declinem com a perda de hábitat, visto que a Floresta Atlântica compõe uma das 25 áreas prioritárias de conservação à biodiversidade no mundo (hotspots) e a porção nordestina ocupa apenas 0,3% da composição original. Epicrates assisi causa aversão aos humanos e é constantemente morta pela população. Neste trabalho foram analisados 105 exemplares capturados entre 2010 e 2015, provenientes das coleções dos campi I e IV da UFPB, capturados principalmente nos municípios de João Pessoa e Rio Tinto, respectivamente. Os exemplares foram divididos em dois grupos, denominados litoral norte e litoral sul. Os resultados revelaram que 69,2% dos espécimes foram encontrados sobre locais pavimentados, sendo 55,8% sobre calçamento e 13,5% sobre asfalto. O número de indivíduos encontrados em área urbana foi bastante superior comparado com os fragmentos locais de floresta Atlântica. A espécie apresentou atividade diurna e noturna e foi significativamente mais abundante na estação chuvosa do que na estação seca, com pico de atividade no mês de abril coincidindo com a época de recrutamento. Foi encontrado dimorfismo sexual na massa e CRC entre os recém-nascidos. Também houve diferença significativa entre os grupos litoral norte e litoral sul com relação às variáveis morfométricas tomadas simultaneamente, entretanto apenas uma variável foi encontrada como discriminante entre os grupos, sendo a compressão lateral maior nos indivíduos do litoral sul. Dos 97 espécimes dissecados, apenas sete apresentaram conteúdo identificável sendo mamífero o item mais encontrado com 96,71% de importância relativa. Além de mamíferos, um lagarto Hemidactylus mabouia também foi encontrado. Palavras chaves: Serpente boídeo, área urbana, autoecologia
DIMITRI DE ARAUJO COSTA ASSEMBLEIAS DE POLIQUETAS (ANNELIDA), ASSOCIADOS AOS RODOLITOS (CORALLINOPHYCIDAE, RHODOPHYTA), NA PRAIA DO SEIXAS, JOÃO PESSOA, PARAÍBA, BRASIL Fecha: 04-mar-2016 Hora: 08:30 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen O presente estudo analisou as assembleias de poliquetas associados aos rodolitos na Praia do Seixas, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, durante o ano de 2015, quanto à riqueza específica, abundância, diversidade de espécies, e composições taxonômica e funcional. O grupo Polychaeta abrange uma grande diversidade de organismos metamerizados, sendo característico de ambientes marinhos, e possuem diversas estratégias de alimentação: carnívoros, detritívoros, suspensívoros, herbívoros e onívoros. As amostras deste estudo são constituídas de rodolitos, que são agregados de nódulos de algas calcárias incrustantes não articuladas, formando bancos extensos de habitat de substrato duro. Estes agregados fornecem abrigo e alimento para uma vasta diversidade de espécies marinhas. Foram realizadas expedições na região infralitoral da Praia do Seixas, e em cada ponto as amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades de 1,5 e 4,0 m. As coletas foram realizadas durante as marés baixas de sizígia, ao longo dos meses de Janeiro, Março, Maio, Julho, Setembro e Novembro, dos quais os meses de Janeiro, Setembro e Novembro corresponderam à estação seca, e Março, Maio e Julho, à estação chuvosa. Em cada mês, foi coletada uma amostra por profundidade, totalizando duas por mês, resultando em 12 coletas durante o ano. No total, foram coletados 733 poliquetas, organizados em 21 famílias, 36 gêneros e 49 espécies. Destes, 445 indivíduos, de 36 espécies ocorreram na profundidade de 1,5 m; e 288, de 36 espécies, na profundidade de 4,0 m. Em relação à estação, foram coletados 333 organismos durante a estação seca, e 400 durante a estação chuvosa. A espécie Eunice wasinensis (Eunicidae) foi a mais abundante, com um total de 280 indivíduos, que representou 38,2% do total de poliquetas. Os poliquetas com hábito alimentar onívoro foram os mais abundantes (70,8%). Os índices de diversidade de Shannon e equitabilidade de Pielou foram maiores na profundidade 1,5m (2,70 e 0,83, respectivamente) em relação à profundidade 4,0m (2,10 e 0,75); e uma estimativa de riqueza (Chao1) de 49,75 (prof. 1,5m) e 46,00 (prof. 4,0m). O teste de Wilcoxon demonstrou que a profundidade afeta significativamente a abundância desses organismos (p<0,05). Ocorreu uma correlação negativa significativa (-3,53) entre os indivíduos da profundidade de 1,5 m quando comparado aos índices pluviométricos. Os dendrogramas de similaridade de Jaccard para as amostras, entre os meses, indicam que há dois agrupamentos em cada profundidade. O presente estudo consolida-se na tentativa de contribuir para o conhecimento da associação destes organismos no litoral paraibano, Nordeste do Brasil.
DIMITRI DE ARAUJO COSTA ASSEMBLEIAS DE POLIQUETAS (ANNELIDA), ASSOCIADOS AOS RODOLITOS (CORALLINOPHYCIDAE, RHODOPHYTA), NA PRAIA DO SEIXAS, JOÃO PESSOA, PARAÍBA, BRASIL Fecha: 04-mar-2016 Hora: 08:30 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen O presente estudo analisou as assembleias de poliquetas associados aos rodolitos na Praia do Seixas, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil, durante o ano de 2015, quanto a riqueza especifica, abundancia, diversidade de especies, e composicoes taxonomica e funcional. O grupo Polychaeta abrange uma grande diversidade de organismos metamerizados, sendo caracteristico de ambientes marinhos, e possuem diversas estrategias de alimentacao: carnivoros, detritivoros, suspensivoros, herbivoros e onivoros. As amostras deste estudo sao constituidas de rodolitos, que sao agregados de nodulos de algas calcarias incrustantes nao articuladas, formando bancos extensos de habitat de substrato duro. Estes agregados fornecem abrigo e alimento para uma vasta diversidade de especies marinhas. Foram realizadas expedicoes na regiao infralitoral da Praia do Seixas, e em cada ponto as amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades de 1,5 e 4,0 m. As coletas foram realizadas durante as mares baixas de sizigia, ao longo dos meses de Janeiro, Marco, Maio, Julho, Setembro e Novembro, dos quais os meses de Janeiro, Setembro e Novembro corresponderam a estacao seca, e Marco, Maio e Julho, a estacao chuvosa. Em cada mes, foi coletada uma amostra por profundidade, totalizando duas por mes, resultando em 12 coletas durante o ano. No total, foram coletados 733 poliquetas, organizados em 21 familias, 36 generos e 49 especies. Destes, 445 individuos, de 36 especies ocorreram na profundidade de 1,5 m; e 288, de 36 especies, na profundidade de 4,0 m. Em relacao a estacao, foram coletados 333 organismos durante a estacao seca, e 400 durante a estacao chuvosa. A especie Eunice wasinensis (Eunicidae) foi a mais abundante, com um total de 280 individuos, que representou 38,2% do total de poliquetas. Os poliquetas com habito alimentar onivoro foram os mais abundantes (70,8%). Os indices de diversidade de Shannon e equitabilidade de Pielou foram maiores na profundidade 1,5m (2,70 e 0,83, respectivamente) em relacao a profundidade 4,0m (2,10 e 0,75); e uma estimativa de riqueza (Chao1) de 49,75 (prof. 1,5m) e 46,00 (prof. 4,0m). O teste de Wilcoxon demonstrou que a profundidade afeta significativamente a abundancia desses organismos (p<0,05). Ocorreu uma correlacao negativa significativa (-3,53) entre os individuos da profundidade de 1,5 m quando comparado aos indices pluviometricos. Os dendrogramas de similaridade de Jaccard para as amostras, entre os meses, indicam que ha dois agrupamentos em cada profundidade. O presente estudo consolida-se na tentativa de contribuir para o conhecimento da associacao destes organismos no litoral paraibano, Nordeste do Brasil.
DIMITRI DE ARAUJO COSTA ASSEMBLEIAS DE POLIQUETAS (ANNELIDA), ASSOCIADOS AOS RODOLITOS (CORALLINOPHYCIDAE, RHODOPHYTA), NA PRAIA DO SEIXAS, JOÃO PESSOA, PARAÍBA, BRASIL Fecha: 04-mar-2016 Hora: 08:30 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen O presente estudo analisou as assembleias de poliquetas associados aos rodolitos na Praia do Seixas, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil, durante o ano de 2015, quanto a riqueza especifica, abundancia, diversidade de especies, e composicoes taxonomica e funcional. O grupo Polychaeta abrange uma grande diversidade de organismos metamerizados, sendo caracteristico de ambientes marinhos, e possuem diversas estrategias de alimentacao: carnivoros, detritivoros, suspensivoros, herbivoros e onivoros. As amostras deste estudo sao constituidas de rodolitos, que sao agregados de nodulos de algas calcarias incrustantes nao articuladas, formando bancos extensos de habitat de substrato duro. Estes agregados fornecem abrigo e alimento para uma vasta diversidade de especies marinhas. Foram realizadas expedicoes na regiao infralitoral da Praia do Seixas, e em cada ponto as amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades de 1,5 e 4,0 m. As coletas foram realizadas durante as mares baixas de sizigia, ao longo dos meses de Janeiro, Marco, Maio, Julho, Setembro e Novembro, dos quais os meses de Janeiro, Setembro e Novembro corresponderam a estacao seca, e Marco, Maio e Julho, a estacao chuvosa. Em cada mes, foi coletada uma amostra por profundidade, totalizando duas por mes, resultando em 12 coletas durante o ano. No total, foram coletados 733 poliquetas, organizados em 21 familias, 36 generos e 49 especies. Destes, 445 individuos, de 36 especies ocorreram na profundidade de 1,5 m; e 288, de 36 especies, na profundidade de 4,0 m. Em relacao a estacao, foram coletados 333 organismos durante a estacao seca, e 400 durante a estacao chuvosa. A especie Eunice wasinensis (Eunicidae) foi a mais abundante, com um total de 280 individuos, que representou 38,2% do total de poliquetas. Os poliquetas com habito alimentar onivoro foram os mais abundantes (70,8%). Os indices de diversidade de Shannon e equitabilidade de Pielou foram maiores na profundidade 1,5m (2,70 e 0,83, respectivamente) em relacao a profundidade 4,0m (2,10 e 0,75); e uma estimativa de riqueza (Chao1) de 49,75 (prof. 1,5m) e 46,00 (prof. 4,0m). O teste de Wilcoxon demonstrou que a profundidade afeta significativamente a abundancia desses organismos (p<0,05). Ocorreu uma correlacao negativa significativa (-3,53) entre os individuos da profundidade de 1,5 m quando comparado aos indices pluviometricos. Os dendrogramas de similaridade de Jaccard para as amostras, entre os meses, indicam que ha dois agrupamentos em cada profundidade. O presente estudo consolida-se na tentativa de contribuir para o conhecimento da associacao destes organismos no litoral paraibano, Nordeste do Brasil.

2015
Descripción
MAURÍCIO LILIOSO DE LUCENA FILHO Ecoepidemiologia de Triatoma brasiliensis nos estados da Paraíba e Rio Grande do Norte: indicadores entomológicos e estruturas ecotípica e composicional etária Fecha: 15-oct-2015 Hora: 10:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen Em uma primeira etapa, este estudo avaliou os riscos impostos por Triatoma brasiliensis na epidemiologia Chagasica em distintos pontos rurais de municipios da Paraiba (PB; Cajazeiras, Sao Jose de Espinharas, Condado, Santa Teresinha e Sao Mamede) e Rio Grande do Norte (RN; Caico e Currais Novos) com a aplicacao de indicadores entomologicos. O indice de infeccao natural e a diversidade do parasita Trypanosoma cruzi de acordo com as duas principais linhagens (TCI e TCII) foram tambem avaliados por tecnicas moleculares. Com as informacoes de campo, a estrutura composicional etaria de populacoes de T. brasiliensis foi caracterizada. Um total de 3.021 triatomineos foi capturado, com uma destacada prevalencia de T. brasiliensis (80%), seguido por T. pseudomaculata (16%) e T. petrochii (4%). A colonizacao domiciliar foi baixa em todos os pontos investigados, sendo os insetos predominantemente peridomiciliares, o que minimiza os riscos de transmissao de T. cruzi. Embora Condado tenha apresentado os mais altos indices de infestacao (50%) e colonizacao (40%) domiciliar, estes foram acompanhados por indices nulos de infecao natural e de baixa densidade triatominica (10,1 insetos/casa). Ja em Currais Novos houve a mais alta densidade triatominica (41,1 insetos/casa) e valores tambem altos de infestacao (37%) e colonizacao domiciliar (37%), bem como de infeccao natural (media de 24,4%), indicando que este municipio apresenta o mais alto risco de transmissao de T. cruzi a humanos. A variacao nos indices de infeccao natural por T. cruzi em unidades domiciliares esta possivelmente associada a estrutura ecotipica, pois nos municipios da PB os insetos peridomiciliares sao encontrados principalmente em galinheiros ao passo que em Currais Novos (RN) os amontoados de pedras, paralelepipedos e galhos no peridomicilio estao infestados tanto por T. brasiliensis, quanto por roedores silvestres da familia Caviidae (Galea spixx e Kerodon rupestris). A mais baixa prevalencia de infeccao por T. cruzi em populacoes silvestres de T. brasiliensis nos pontos de PB (media de 3,4%) se comparado aos pontos amostrados do RN (media de 51,8%) esta possivelmente associada a degradacao ambiental observada na Paraiba. Tecnicas moleculares apontaram a presenca das duas linhagens do parasita coabitando tanto no peridomicilio quanto no ambiente silvestre. De setembro a dezembro foi observada maior incidencia de adultos nos ambientes silvestres, em relacao as coletas de marco e aos trabalhos encontrados na literatura. Estes resultados alertam para a possibilidade de uma maior incidencia de invasoes domiciliares pelas formas alares de T. brasiliensis nos ultimos meses do ano.
EMANUEL UBALDINO TORRES JÚNIOR CONHECIMENTO ECOLÓGICO E PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL SOBRE PRIMATAS POR UMA COMUNIDADE RURAL NO ENTORNO DA RESERVA PARTICULAR DO PATRIMÔNIO NATURAL ENGENHO GARGAÚ, PARAÍBA BRASIL Fecha: 25-sep-2015 Hora: 14:30 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen O conhecimento ecológico, proveniente do contato humano com os recursos naturais, está relacionado com a percepção que cada indivíduo tem do ambiente em que vive. O presente estudo teve por objetivos avaliar o conhecimento ecológico e a percepção ambiental sobre primatas por uma comunidade rural no entorno da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Engenho Gargaú, na Paraíba, onde habitam as espécies Alouatta belzebul (guariba-de-mãos-ruivas), Sapajus flavius (macaco-prego-galego) e Callithrix jacchus (sagui-do-nordeste). Foram realizadas 200 entrevistas semiestruturadas com adultos e coletados 102 mapas mentais de crianças. As respostas das entrevistas foram avaliadas pela Análise de Conteúdo Temático que receberam pesos específicos para formulação de uma medida ponderada do Conhecimento Ecológico Local (CELP). Apesar da proximidade com a RPPN Engenho Gargaú, os adultos apresentaram um baixo conhecimento ecológico. No entanto, os que possuem um maior contato com os primatas, os homens e os moradores mais antigos apresentaram um CELP significativamente mais elevado comparado aos demais. A faixa etária não influenciou no CELP. A comunidade aparentemente não explora intensamente recursos da RPPN, justificando o baixo conhecimento encontrado no local. De acordo com os mapas mentais, as crianças que já avistaram primatas mostraram uma percepção ambiental mais realista e detalhada do que aquelas que nunca avistaram, evidenciando um maior contato com o meio ambiente e, possivelmente, com a RPPN. Tais dados podem subsidiar futuras pesquisas e ações de Educação Ambiental, especificamente envolvendo A. belzebul e S. flavius da RPPN Engenho Gargaú, duas das cinco espécies alvo do Plano de Ação Nacional para Conservação dos Primatas do Nordeste (PAN PriNE).
ELISANGELA DE ARAUJO BARBOSA SÍNDROMES DE POLINIZAÇÃO E DISPONIBILIDADE DE RECURSOS FLORAIS DE MACRÓFITAS AQUÁTICAS EM REMANESCENTE URBANO DE FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA, NORDESTE, BRASIL. Fecha: 27-ago-2015 Hora: 09:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen As síndromes de polinização relacionam as características morfológicas das plantas e os seus possíveis polinizadores. Os recursos florais disponibilizados para os visitantes são considerados como atrativos primários, os quais compõem a dieta de vários animais. A maioria das macrófitas disponibiliza pólen e néctar. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi realizar um levantamento das síndromes de polinização de macrófitas aquáticas e da flora ruderal associada, e fazer um levantamento dos recursos florais oferecidos pelas macrófitas, relacionando sua disponibilidade ao longo do ano com os fatores abióticos. O estudo foi realizado em um remanescente urbano de Floresta Atlântica (Nordeste, Brasil), durante treze meses (2014/2015), sendo feitas visitas quinzenais a campo. O levantamento das síndromes de polinização resultou em 50 espécies encontradas, sendo 25 famílias e 40 gêneros. A maioria foi Angiosperma. As famílias mais representativas foram Cyperaceae (11), Asteraceae (6) e Fabaceae (5). A maior composição foi de ervas (40) e anfíbias (41). A maioria ocupou os três substratos (água/margem/terra). As macrófitas apresentaram um maior número de espécies (27). Predominaram flores de cor lilás (14). Os tipos florais campanular (6) e papilionáceae (6) foram os mais comuns. A síndrome mais representativa foi a melitofilia. Nas macrófitas predominaram as síndromes melitofilia (8), anemofilia (7) e generalista (8). Na flora ruderal associada predominaram as síndromes melitofilia (8) e anemofilia (8). A disponibilidade de recursos florais foi observada em 17 espécies de macrófitas (15 gêneros e 12 famílias), tendo sido estimada com base na intensidade de floração. Cyperaceae foi a mais rica (4). N. rudgeana apresentou a maior cobertura floral (5,21%). A maioria das espécies ofertou néctar, entretanto o pólen foi o mais frequente, presente em todo estudo e sendo influenciado pela espécie dominante (N. rudgeana). Os recursos foram mais frequentes no período úmido, mas não apresentaram relações com os fatores abióticos. As macrófitas apresentaram um grande potencial para a manutenção da fauna polinizadora na reserva florestal ao longo do ano e contribuíram de forma expressiva para a composição florística da área de estudo. Observa-se uma influência significativa da flora ruderal associada para esta comunidade, as quais podem ser utilizadas como indicadoras da ação antrópica nesse remanescente de Floresta Atlântica.
PAULA FONSECA DA SILVA Helmintos Gastrointestinais de populações naturais de Leptodactylus macrosternum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 (Anura: Leptodactylidae) da Caatinga e da Floresta Atlântica Brasileira Fecha: 17-jul-2015 Hora: 09:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen Os anfibios, por serem utilizados como hospedeiros intermediarios e definitivos por varias especies de nematoides, sao fundamentais para os estudos de comunidades parasitas. No presente trabalho descrevem-se as comunidades de helmintos parasitos da ra Leptodactylus macrosternum em populacoes da Caatinga e da Floresta Atlantica brasileira, testando as seguintes hipoteses: i) animais oriundos da Caatinga e da Floresta Atlantica apresentam diferencas nos padroes de infeccao; ii) machos e femeas nao diferem quanto aos padroes de infeccao; iii) o tamanho dos hospedeiros influencia a probabilidade de infeccao; iv) os itens alimentares consumidos estao associados a helmintofauna infestante. Foram utilizados 220 animais hospedeiros, sendo 185 de localidades encontradas na Caatinga e 35 de areas de bioma Floresta Atlantica, oriundos de um total de 31 municipios. Para amostrar os parasitos, os hospedeiros foram dissecados, e depois de removidos, seus tratos gastrointestinais foram abertos atraves de corte longitudinal e analisados cuidadosamente para a deteccao de helmintos. Para identificacao, os endoparasitos foram alocados em laminas com meio de Hoyer, corados com carmim, quando necessario, e observados em microscopio optico. Foi utilizada uma Regressao Logistica para testar a influencia do sexo dos hospedeiros, do comprimento rostro-cloacal, do sitio de infeccao, do bioma e da especie de parasito na probabilidade de infeccao. Para testar a influencia dos mesmos fatores sobre a intensidade de infeccao, foi utilizado uma Regressao de Poisson. A associacao entre as abundancias das especies de endoparasitos e a dieta foi testada atraves de Analises de Redundancia (RDA). Os resultados demonstraram o tipo de bioma como fator importante para a intensidade de infeccao na especie, com a Floresta Atlantica apresentando uma abundancia significativamente maior de helmintos infestantes do que a Caatinga. A probabilidade de infeccao esta positivamente relacionada ao tamanho corporeo desses animais. Os itens alimentares consumidos pela especie nao influenciaram significativamente a helmintofauna infestante. Os resultados sao discutidos sobre a luz da atual literatura atrelada aos endoparasitos de anfibios no Brasil e da America do sul.
LEANDRO DO NASCIMENTO MAXIMO ESTRUTURA E DINÂMICA DE POPULAÇÕES E COMUNIDADES DE MACROALGAS EM AMBIENTES RECIFAIS DA PARAÍBA Fecha: 19-may-2015 Hora: 09:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen As algas constituem alguns dos organismos mais importantes nos ambientes recifais, pois compõem a base da cadeia trófica, atuam como estruturadoras do habitat e servem como potenciais bioindicadoras de qualidade ambiental. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a estrutura e a dinâmica de assembléias de macroalgas em ambientes recifais rasos da Paraíba e avaliar a utilização destes organismos/processos como mecanismo bioindicador. A dissertação foi dividida em três estudos de caso nos quais a estrutura e/ou dinâmica das populações e comunidade de macroalgas possuem papel fundamental: O primeiro teve por objetivos conhecer o status da população de Gracilaria caudata J. Agardh e comunidade de macroalgas associadas ao ambiente recifal de Ponta de Mato, Cabedelo/PB, após o impacto de sobreexplotação ocorrido a quase 20 anos, tendo como base de comparação um banco de dados pretéritos dessa população. O forte impacto sobre a população dominante teve como resposta a substituição de espécies e a área outrora dominada por G. caudata é atualmente dominada por Jania subulata (Ellis & Solander) Sonder e Sargassum sp. O segundo trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade ambiental de dois ambientes recifais submetidos a diferentes pressões turísticas, Picãozinho e São Gonçalo ambos localizados no município de João Pessoa/PB. Nas áreas de intensa atividade turística, as algas apresentaram-se com riqueza, biomassa e diversidade mais baixas quando comparados com as áreas que não recebem turistas, sugerindo que o ambiente está sob efeito de distúrbios e regime de estresse. O terceiro caso de estudo teve por objetivo analisar a estrutura e a dinâmica das comunidades macrofitobênticas do recife de Formosa, Cabedelo/PB sob uma perspectiva temporal. Houve variação temporal nos descritores de riqueza e biomassa, com os valores mais baixos registrados nos meses de Agosto/2013 e Agosto/2014, e os mais altos em Fevereiro/2014 e Maio/14. O entendimento de como os impactos (naturais ou antropogênicos) afeta a distribuição e a dinâmica das espécies é importante na seleção e potencial utilização de espécies bioindicadoras de distúrbios ambientais.

2014
Descripción
WALCÍRIA ALVES DA SILVA DANOS FOLIARES POR HERBIVORIA EM FLORESTAS DE MANGUE EM TRÊS ESTUÁRIOS DO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA Fecha: 08-dic-2014 Hora: 14:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen A frequência de danos e a taxa de herbivoria em folhas maduras de Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechm ex Moldenke, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn.f. e Rhizophora mangle L. foram avaliadas em três florestas de mangues (Sítios 1, 2 e 3) adjacentes a planícies hipersalinas no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, para verificar se existe variação interespecífica e intraespecífica. Nove tipos de danos foram identificados: buraco, fungo, galha, indefinido, margem, mina, necrose, ovo e raspagem, sendo Laguncularia racemosa a espécie que apresentou maior frequência de danos e maior taxa de herbivoria média (3,17 a 7,07%) comparada com Rhizophora mangle (0,77 a 1,76%) e Avicennia schaueriana (0,36 a 0,91%). Houve diferenças intraespecíficas significativas para danos foliares e taxas de herbivoria entre os sítios de estudo, sem padrão específico. Laguncularia racemosa apresentou maior razão peso úmido/área das folhas (peso/área) em relação às demais espécies. Em geral, as correlações entre a razão peso úmido/área das folhas (peso/área) e as taxas de herbivoria foram baixas ou positivas, sugerindo que outros fatores, tais como características químicas, condições edáficas (ex. salinidade intersticial), bem como os herbívoros envolvidos, podem exercer maior influência no processo de herbivoria. Os valores de herbivoria obtidos neste estudo são considerados baixos em relação a outros manguezais.
ANA MARIA CRISTINA MALTA ARAUJO LIMA AUTOECOLOGIA COMPARATIVA DE VANZOSAURA RUBRICAUDA DA CAATINGA E DO CERRADO Fecha: 08-jul-2014 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Populações de espécies que apresentam uma ampla distribuição geográfica podem estar submetidas a uma grande variabilidade de condições ambientais e expostas a diferentes pressões seletivas que associadas ao tempo de isolamento e a variabilidade genética podem influenciar respostas adaptativas diferenciadas (plasticidade fenotípica). O gênero Vanzosaura pertence à família Gymnophthalmidae, e apresenta distribuição na diagonal de áreas secas da América do Sul, ocorrendo em pelo menos três formações distintas (Cerrado, Caatinga e Chaco). Neste trabalho comparamos dados de reprodução, dieta e morfometria de indivíduos das espécies V. multiscutata amostrados em área da Caatinga e V. savanicola e V. rubricauda do Cerrado. A dieta das espécies não apresentou diferenças significativas sendo as categorias mais consumidas aranhas, ortópteros e plecopteras. O tamanho da ninhada foi o mesmo para todas as espécies (02 ovos) o que parece ser uma sinapomorfia em gimnoftalmídeos. Vanzosaura multiscutata apresentou reprodução contínua durante todo o ano com indícios de ninhadas seqüenciais e ovos menores. Vanzosaura savanicola e V. rubricauda, apresentaram reprodução concentrada no final da estação seca e início da estação chuvosa com ovos maiores. As espécies apresentaram diferenças morfométricas, com as espécies do Cerrado com maior comprimento rostro cloacal e da cabeça, corpo mais largo e cauda mais curta quando comparado com a espécie da Caatinga. Tanto a filogenia quanto a ecologia influenciam na história de vida de Vanzosaura spp. . A dieta é mais influenciada por fatores históricos, e a morfometria e reprodução por fatores ecológicos.
GABRIELA MARQUES PEIXOTO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIODIVERSITY COMPONENTS: PHYLOGENETIC FUNCTIONAL AND TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY OF THE LIZARDS ASSEMBLAGES IN BRAZILIAN CERRADO Fecha: 02-may-2014 Hora: 14:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen Estimates of phylogenetic and functional diversity are proposed as a promising way of explaining the role of interactions between species and the functioning of ecosystems. In this study we evaluated how the functional structure of the different assemblages of Brazilian savannah lizards is related to taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. For this, we evaluated information about 5520 individuals of 50 species, at twenty sampling sites, located in both continuous Cerrado and enclaves of Amazon Savannah. We estimate species richness and taxonomic diversity through the Simpson Index. The functional diversity was obtained through traits related to morphometry and ecological aspects of each species. Phylogenetic diversity was based on recent phylogenies for Brazilian lizards. Our results revealed that phylogenetic diversity and species richness were positively related to functional diversity, which did not occur with the index of taxonomic diversity. Most of the functional traits were conserved within the lineages, and assemblages were structured either in aggregate (influence of environmental filters) or functionally dispersed (limiting similarity). We conclude that suppression of species of phylogenetically distinct lizards within the assemblages leads to loss of functional role, which may directly affect ecosystem processes. And what data regarding the phylogenetic aspects, or the species richness itself, can be good substitutes to infer about the functional information that influences the assembly rules of Cerrado lizard assemblages.
THIAGO BRANDAO DE ASSIS Estudo da Estrutura Populacional e história de Vida de Aedes albopictus em bromélias da espécie Aechmea fasciata Asesor : LUIZ CARLOS SERRAMO LOPEZ Fecha: 31-mar-2014 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen O Aedes albopictus é um culicídeo invasor originário do continente asiático, capaz de utilizar recipientes artificiais e naturais para oviposição. Um dos ambientes de oviposição que essa espécie pode utilizar são os tanques foliares encontrados em plantas da família Bromeliaceae. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da bromélia Aechmea fasciata sobre a história de vida de Ae. albopictus. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em um fragmento de Mata Atlântico no período de abril a julho de 2013 (experimento 1) e setembro a dezembro de 2013 (experimento 2). Comparou-se o pH, a condutividade, a razão sexual, a densidade larval e de adultos e o tamanho corporal (baseado no comprimento alar) de mosquitos entre as bromélias e os controles nos dois experimentos. O pH das bromélias foi significativamente mais ácido que nos controles nos dois experimentos. A condutividade das bromélias foi mais baixa do que nos controles apenas no experimento 2. Não houve diferença significativa na densidade de larvas de mosquitos entre bromélias e controles, contudo emergiram significativamente mais adultos Ae. albopictus nas bromélias do que nos recipientes controles. Os adultos emergidos das bromélias tiveram uma razão sexual favorecendo o sexo masculino, comparado a razão sexual dos controles. O tamanho da asa dos Ae. albopictus emergidos das bromélias foi significativamente maior do que dos adultos emergidos dos controles. Uma hipótese para explicar as diferenças na estrutura populacional de Ae. albopictus entre bromélias e controles seria o processo de absorção de excretas nitrogenadas por parte da bromélia que reduziria o efeito tóxico de substâncias excretadas pelas larvas, como a amônia, o que favoreceria a produção de um maior número de adultos nas bromélias do que nos controles.

2013
Descripción
PAULO RAGNER SILVA DE FREITAS "ECOLOGIA COMPARATIVA DOS LAGARTOS Phyllopezus periosus e Phyllopezus pollicaris (SAURIA: PHYLLODACTYLIDAE) EM SIMPATRIA EM ÁREA DE CAATINGA NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL" Fecha: 05-dic-2013 Hora: 08:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen As dimensoes em que as especies animais partilham recursos podem ser classificadas em tres grupos gerais: tipo de alimento, habitat e tempo. A forma mais comum de segregacao e por habitat, seguido por tipo de alimento e, por fim, divisao temporal. O grau de partilha de recursos pode ser definido indiretamente atraves das diferencas morfologicas, do tipo de forrageamento e da utilizacao dos recursos espaciais por especies simpatricas. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em dois capitulos, o primeiro deles e intitulado de Particao de nicho entre os lagartos Phyllopezus periosus e Phyllopezus pollicaris (Sauria: Phyllodactylidae) em simpatria em uma area de Caatinga no Nordeste do Brasil. Foram abordados dados sobre uso do habitat, altura de empoleiramento, periodo de atividade, dieta e morfometria em ambas as especies de lagartos. No segundo capitulo, intitulado de Aspectos demograficos dos lagartos Phyllopezus periosus e Phyllopezus pollicaris (Sauria: Phyllodactylidae) em simpatria em area de Caatinga no Nordeste do Brasil, foi estimada a probabilidade de sobrevivencia (sobrevivencia aparente), probabilidade de recaptura e densidade populacional de P. periosus e P. pollicaris. A coleta de dados foi realizada em uma area (dividida nas sub-areas I, II e III) de caatinga no municipio de Salgadinho PB, durante os meses de abril de 2012 a marco de 2013. A busca pelos lagartos ocorreu entre 18:00 e 05:00 horas do dia seguinte. Para cada individuo observado e/ou capturado, eram registradas as seguintes informacoes: data e horario da observacao, categoria de microhabitat utilizado, altura do empoleiramento, medidas morfometricas, sexo e numero de marcacao. A marcacao dos lagartos foi realizada atraves do Implante Visivel de Elastomero Fluorescente (polimero liquido pastoso - que depois de aplicado subcutaneamente solidifica-se, porem, se mantendo flexivel e visivel). As analises de sobrevivencia aparente e probabilidade de recaptura foram realizadas atraves do modelo Cormack-Jolly Sebber (CJS), no software MARK 6.2. As estimativas de densidade populacional foram calculadas atraves da soma dos individuos avistados, divididos pela ii area (sub-area I) utilizada no estudo. Ambas as especies ocuparam predominantemente microhabitats saxicolas, sendo constatada uma alta sobreposicao quanto ao uso dos diferentes microhabitats. A altura de empoleiramento utilizada preferencialmente por P. periosus e P. pollicaris foi de 0 e 60 cm, entretanto, P. periosus ocupou poleiros mais altos (421 ate 540 cm de altura), o que nao foi observado em P. pollicaris. Os primeiros individuos de ambas as especies foram avistados a partir das 18:02 ate as 04:29 horas da manha do dia seguinte e as duas especies de lagartos nao apresentaram diferencas significativas quanto ao periodo de atividade. As presas mais consumidas por P. periosus foram Coleoptera, Formicidae e Hemiptera, ja para P. pollicaris os itens mais consumidos foram Coleoptera, Isoptera e Aranae. P. pollicaris apresentou ambas as larguras de nicho trofico (numero e volume) bem superiores quando comparado com P. periosus. No entanto, as duas especies apresentaram alta sobreposicao em suas dietas. Nao foi constatado diferencas quanto ao volume das presas consumidas. As duas especies diferiram em relacao ao tamanho do corpo e massa corporea. Mas, individuos adultos de P. periosus e P. pollicaris nao apresentaram diferencas intraespecificas do tamanho do corpo e massa corporea em relacao ao sexo. P. periosus apresentou uma taxa de recaptura de 30%, enquanto que seu congenere apresentou uma taxa media de 19%. Apenas a especie P. pollicaris apresentou variacao na taxa de recaptura ao longo do tempo, que se mostrou negativamente correlacionada com a precipitacao media de cada mes. A estimativa de sobrevivencia em ambas as especies foi constante ao longo do tempo. P. periosus e P. pollicaris apresentaram estimativas de sobrevivencia de 66% e 94%, respectivamente. P. pollicaris apresentou densidade populacional maior que P. periosus durante todo o estudo. A maior densidade observada para P. periosus foi no mes de julho de 2012, ja para P. pollicaris foi no mes de novembro do mesmo ano. Ambas as especies apresentaram variacoes em suas abundancias populacionais dependendo da sub-area amostrada. Enquanto P. pollicaris foi mais abundante na sub-area I, P. periosus mostrou-se mais abundante que seu congenere na sub-area III. Variacoes nas abundancias populacionais entre essas duas especies, provavelmente seja um fator que possa vir a contribuir para coexistencia das duas especies na area de estudo.
PALOMA JOANA ALBUQUERQUE DE OLIVEIRA ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL DE Glossophaga soricina (PALLAS, 1766) MAMMALIA, CHIROPTERA, GLOSSOPHAGINAE) EM ABRIGO ANTRÓPICO Fecha: 29-nov-2013 Hora: 14:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen Chiroptera é a segunda maior ordem de mamíferos, sendo os únicos representantes com a capacidade de voo dentro desta classe, hibernam, longíveros, habitam todos os continentes, exceto os pólos e possuem diversidade de hábitos alimentares. As populações apresentam um comportamento dinâmico, que se modifica de forma continua no tempo. Assim a caracterização das populações é de grande importância para a compreensão da sua estabilidade ecológica, possibilitando o entendimento da relação entre a espécie e o habitat. Uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada para inferir sobre a estrutura das populações é o Índice de Condição Corporal, este tem por principal finalidade separar os aspectos da massa corporal relacionados ao tamanho estrutural e os aspectos que refletem a gordura e outros componentes da reserva de energia de um indivíduo para gerar informações que possam auxiliar em trabalhos de gestão, monitoramento e conhecimento das espécies. Já os padrões de atividade apresentam caráter determinante para a sobrevivência e reprodução de uma espécie, isso associado a hábitos alimentares, pode ser de grande relevância para entender como morcegos gerenciam seus recursos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se conhecer a estrutura populacional e padrão de atividade de Glossophaga soricina, a fim de adicionar novas informações e complementar as existentes para outras regiões do país.
PATRICIA SILVA BASILIO Abundância e sucessão de Palythoa caribaeorum no Banco dos Abrolhos, BA: Um estudo experimental Fecha: 30-sep-2013 Hora: 10:30 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen Os recifes de corais são as maiores estruturas biológicas dos oceanos, formados, principalmente, por organismos construtores (ex. corais escleractíneos e algas calcárias). Nas ultimas cinco décadas, foram registrados declínios acentuados na cobertura de corais em todo o mundo. Sobrepesca, poluição e aumento da sedimentação costeira são apontados como os principais impactos responsáveis por esses declínios e pelo aumento na abundância de organismos não construtores (e.g. algas e zoantideos), processo conhecido como mudança de fase. O zoantídeo Palythoa caribaeorum é abundante no Atlântico Sul, particularmente no Brasil. Ele é capaz de tolerar alta variabilidade ambiental e apresenta a maior taxa de crescimento entre os antozoários, além de estratégias elaboradas de competição por espaço, as quais garantem sua superioridade competitiva sobre a maioria de outros invertebrados bentônicos recifais. O presente trabalho foi realizado no Banco dos Abrolhos, BA, e tem como objetivos principais: 1) descrever os padrões espaço-temporais de cobertura de P. caribaeorum ao longo do Banco dos Abrolhos, 2) avaliar a influência da distância da costa, profundidade, latitude e biomassa de peixes predadores de zoantídeo na abundância de P. caribaeorum, 3) descrever a sucessão bentônica em áreas nas quais P. caribaeorum foi retirada. O estudo dos padrões espaço-temporais foi conduzido em seis recifes de 2006 a 2008: Parcel dos Abrolhos (cinco sítios), Arquipélago (cinco sítios), Timbebas (três sítios), Itacolomis (oito sítios), Parcel das Paredes (dois sítios) e Sebastião Gomes (um sítio). O experimento de exclusão foi realizado de 2006 a 2009 no topo dos sítios Arenguera (Parcel das Paredes) e PAB4 (Parcel dos Abrolhos). Em cada sitio foram selecionadas quatro áreas de 5 x 5 m, sendo duas manipuladas (cobertura de P. caribaeorum retirada). Três tratamentos foram aplicados dentro de cada área: gaiola fechada, gaiola aberta e sem gaiola. Os métodos utilizados foram foto-quadrado (caracterização do bentos) e censo visual estacionário (quantificação de peixes). Os resultados mostraram que P. caribaeorum domina no topo dos recifes, com coberturas insignificantes na parede, demonstrando a preferência de P. caribaeorum por ambientes mais iluminados e horizontais. A cobertura relativa de P. caribaeorum foi maior nos sítios PAB4, PAB5, TIM2, TIM3, ARENG e SG, tendo sido influenciada positivamente pela profundidade e negativamente pela distância da costa. A biomassa de predadores variou entre os sítios mas não influenciou significativamente na distribuição da P. caribaeorum. As cinco espécies de predadores de P. caribaeorum mais abundantes em termos de biomassa foram Abudefduf saxatilis, Pomacanthus paru, Pomacanthus arcuatus, Holacanthus ciliares e Chaetodon striatus. No experimento de exclusão foi registrada recuperação lenta de P. caribaeorum na área manipulada, não sendo registrada diferença nos padrões de recolonização entre os dois sítios (próximo e afastado da costa). Um dos fatores que pode ter inibido o assentamento da P. caribaeorum na área manipulada foi a proliferação de algas epilíticas, principalmente dentro das gaiolas fechadas, fato conhecido como uma das primeiras fases de degradação nos ambientes recifais. A taxa de recolonização (i.e. assentamento seguido de crescimento) foi maior em ARENG (0,23 cm-2.dia-1) do que em PAB4 (0,12 cm-2.dia-1) na área manipulada. Entretanto, na área controle, PAB4 apresentou taxa de recuperação de 3,18 cm-2.dia-1 enquanto que em ARENG a área de P. caribaeorum declinou (-0,25 cm2.dia-1). Pode-se concluir: 1) variáveis ambientais, como profundidade e distância da costa, são mais importantes do que variáveis bióticas (i.e predação) na dinâmica de P. caribaeorum, 2) apesar da cobertura de P. caribaeorum apresentar relação negativa com a distância da costa, as taxas de recolonização não foram maiores no sítio mais próximo a costa, 3) a cobertura de P. caribaeorum aumenta em períodos próximos ao verão, em ambos os sítios e 3) a baixa densidade de Palythoa foi desfavorável para um processo mais rápido de recolonização.
IEDA ZAPAROLLI MARTINS Ecologia espacial das Baleias Minke e deslocamento dos barcos baleeiros durante a caça comercial em águas oceânicas da Paraíba, 1974-1985 Asesor : ALFREDO RICARDO LANGGUTH BONINO Fecha: 30-sep-2013 Hora: 08:30 Mostrar Resumen A baleia minke-antártica (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) habita as águas oceânicas do Hemisfério Sul. Estudos a respeito de sua biologia vem sendo realizados a fim de conhecer as etapas do seu ciclo reprodutivo. Existem registros de B bonaerensis na costa brasileira em diversas latitudes, mas a maior parte dos dados biológicos se referem às águas oceânicas da Paraíba área de caça comercial de Costinha, nordeste do Brasil. Essa região é tida como área de acasalamento de baleias-minke e estudos sobre sua reprodução são realizados desde o período de caça comercial, no ano de 1975. Os mapas de bordo e planilhas de dados biológicos coletados durante o processamento das baleias capturadas durante a caça fornecem informações detalhadas da sua biologia e formam uma base rica para estudos sobre sua ecologia. Tivemos acesso a dados obtidos durante a caça nos anos de 1974 e 1985, pela Companhia de Pesca Norte do Brasil, em Costinha. Foram analisados os números de capturas, sexo e comprimento do corpo das baleias capturadas, assim como suas posições geográficas. Os resultados mostraram que o período de maior captura de baleias se encontrava nos meses de setembro e outubro. O número de machos e fêmeas na área era diferente, em média existia o dobro de fêmeas que de machos, refletindo uma estratégia reprodutiva de poliginia. As baleias que chegam inicialmente na área de Costinha apresentaram comprimento abaixo da média das baleias maduras, significando que animais jovens imaturos chegam a área de acasalamento no começo da temporada e deixam a área também mais cedo. A área de caça não mudou durante a temporada, então nos períodos de maior número de baleias, a densidade cresceu. O adensamento se mostra como ótima situação para o acasalamento. As localizações geográficas de machos e fêmeas se aproximam a medida que a população vai ficando mais densa. São raríssimos os casos de fêmeas lactantes e filhotes na área de Costinha e na Antártica Filhotes em lactação são encontradas perto da costa oeste da África do Sul e Sul do Brasil.. Isso indica que fêmeas parem e amamentam em médias latitudes, acasalam em médias e baixas, e se alimentam em altas latitudes. Evidências mostram que em medias latitudes 88% das fêmeas ovulam enquanto estão amamentando, o que abre espaço para mais de uma hipóteses de duração de ciclo reprodutivo. O presente estudo aponta a idéia da existência de dois ciclos, um longo que conecta a alimentação na Antártica com o acasalamento em Costinha (baixa latitude), e outro curto com alimentação na Antártica e acasalamento em médias latitudes. As rotas de migração da baleia minke-antártica ainda são uma conjectura.
ISA FERNANDA MARTINS SANTOS DE MOURA Estudo da biodiversidade de Copepoda Harpacticoida em um Cânion Submarino e sua Área de Talude Adjacente no Atlântico Sudoeste (Bacia de Campos, Brasil) Fecha: 27-sep-2013 Hora: 13:30 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen Copepoda Harpacticoida é o segundo maior grupo da meiofauna na maioria dos habitats bentônicos, incluindo o mar profundo. Apesar do grande número de espécies, o táxon Harpacticoida não é adequadamente conhecido, principalmente em áreas de cânion submarino. Este trabalho analisa as amostras de Copepoda obtidas em triplicata, no período de maio/julho de 2008, durante o desenvolvimento do projeto HABITATS Heterogeneidade Ambiental da Bacia de Campos, coordenado pelo CENPES-PETROBRAS. O objetivo do presente estudo é determinar a diversidade de Harpacticoida no cânion Almirante Câmara e na área de Talude Adjacente, considerando diferentes isóbatas, na Bacia de Campos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. As estações de coleta foram divididas da seguinte forma: 2 áreas (Cânion e Talude Adjacente); 4 isóbatas (400, 700, 1.000 e 1.300m) e 2 estratos sedimentares (0-2 e 2- 5cm). Após a coleta, as amostras de sedimento foram armazenadas em potes plásticos com formol a 10%. Em laboratório, os copépodes foram separados em intervalos de 0,044 a 0,5 mm de abertura de malha e identificados. Os dados obtidos foram então expressos em densidade através do número de indivíduos por 10 cm2. O índice de diversidade utilizado foi o de Shannon-Wiener. A análise de variância (ANOVA) foi aplicada aos valores do número total de indivíduos, por amostra, a fim de testar diferenças entre os estratos trabalhados. Para a determinação de padrões ecológicos da comunidade, aplicou-se o índice de similaridade de Bray-Curtis e foi realizada uma análise de ordenação não-métrica multidimensional. A significância da formação dos grupos de amostras foi testada pela análise PERMANOVA. A análise SIMPER foi aplicada para indicar quais táxons foram representativos. Para uma avaliação da relação, entre a densidade das famílias e as variáveis ambientais, foi feita uma correlação usando o teste de Spearman. A composição da fauna de harpacticóides da Bacia de Campos está de acordo com o que é considerado típico de mar profundo. No presente estudo foram encontradas 23 famílias, 108 gêneros e 115 espécies. Dentre elas, Ectinosomatidae foi a mais abundante (22%), seguida de Argestidae (19%) e Cletodidae (14%). Os valores de densidade apresentaram uma tendência de redução com o aumento da profundidade, o que não foi observado para os valores de diversidade. Além disso, o estrato mais superficial apresentou, significativamente, os maiores valores destes parâmetros, caracterizando, em mar profundo, uma concentração maior dos Copepoda Harpacticoida nos primeiros dois centímetros de sedimento. O MDS indicou que há uma interação entre os fatores área e isóbata e a análise de Simper indicou que as famílias Argestidae, Ectinosomatidae, Ameiridae, Miracidae e seus respectivos gêneros demonstraram robustas similaridades ao longo de todas as isóbatas tanto no Cânion Almirante Câmara como em sua área de Talude Adjacente. Com relação ao teste de Spearman, na área do cânion, a família Cletodidae foi a que apresentou o maior número de correlações significativas e na área do talude foram as famílias Ectinosomatidae e Miraciidae que se destacaram. Dados de diversidade de Harpacticoida em mar profundo são escassos e, por isso, mais estudos precisam ser realizados.
CAMILLA MARQUES DE LUCENA ESTUDO ETNOBOTÂNICO E ECOLÓGICO DE CACTÁCEAS NO SEMIÁRIDO DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL Fecha: 16-sep-2013 Hora: 10:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen A família de Cactaceae no semiárido nordestino destacam-se devido tanto a sua importância econômica como cultural para as populações rurais, como exemplo, agricultores. Espécies como Cereus jamacaru DC. e Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter são cactos colunares que os agricultores utilizam tanto para alimentar os animais como também tratar doenças humanas a partir do uso medicinal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo registrar conhecimento de agricultores em uma comunidade rural do semiárido da Paraíba sobre o uso de cactáceas, além de avaliar características ecológicas de duas espécies de cactoos colunar em particular: Cereus jamacaru DC. e Pilosocereus pachycladus F.Ritter. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 99 chefes domiciliares (41 homens e 58 mulheres). Os cactos citados foram organizados em categorias de uso. Além do inventário etnobotânico foi realizado o método da turnê guiada em que indivíduos de Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter e Cereus jamacaru DC. foram registrados durante uma caminhada de 24 horas pela comunidade rural estudada. As coordenadas geográficas de todos os indivíduos foram marcados com GPS para posteriormente ser elaborado um mapa de distribuição dos indivíduos de cada espécie. Identificaram-se onze espécies na comunidade rural: Cereus jamacaru DC., Melocactus sp., Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, Opuntia sp., Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill., Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw., Pilosocereus chrysostele (Vaupel) Byles & G. D. Rowley, Pilosocereus gounellei (F.A.C. Weber) Byles & Rowley, Pilosocereus pachycladus F.Ritter, Tacinga inamoena (K. Schum.) N.P.Taylor & Stuppy e Tacinga palmadora (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor & Stuppy. Registraram-se 1.122 citações organizadas em onze categorias de uso. A espécie mais citada foi Cereus jamacaru e categoria de uso mais proeminente foi forragem. A maioria dos informantes relatou coletar os cactos na serra da comunidade. A partir da turnê guiada registrou-se 6 indivíduos de P. pachycladus e 96 de C. jamacaru. Tanto os indivíduos de C. jamacaru como de P. pachycladus se mostraram associados as espécies Poincianella pyramidalis Tul. e Croton blanchetianus Baill.. Com relação ao local de ocorrência a maioria dos indivíduos se apresentaram em mata secundária. Na disseminação do conhecimento foi predominante a transissão do tipo vertical, ou seja, de pais para filhos. As cactáceas apresentaram valor econômico e cultural para a comunidade de Santa Rita devido aos vários usos atribuídos as espécies. A família de Cactaceae no semiárido nordestino destacam-se devido tanto a sua importância econômica como cultural para as populações rurais, como exemplo, agricultores. Espécies como Cereus jamacaru DC. e Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter são cactos colunares que os agricultores utilizam tanto para alimentar os animais como também tratar doenças humanas a partir do uso medicinal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo registrar conhecimento de agricultores em uma comunidade rural do semiárido da Paraíba sobre o uso de cactáceas, além de avaliar características ecológicas de duas espécies de cactoos colunar em particular: Cereus jamacaru DC. e Pilosocereus pachycladus F.Ritter. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 99 chefes domiciliares (41 homens e 58 mulheres). Os cactos citados foram organizados em categorias de uso. Além do inventário etnobotânico foi realizado o método da turnê guiada em que indivíduos de Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter e Cereus jamacaru DC. foram registrados durante uma caminhada de 24 horas pela comunidade rural estudada. As coordenadas geográficas de todos os indivíduos foram marcados com GPS para posteriormente ser elaborado um mapa de distribuição dos indivíduos de cada espécie. Identificaram-se onze espécies na comunidade rural: Cereus jamacaru DC., Melocactus sp., Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, Opuntia sp., Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill.,Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw., Pilosocereus chrysostele (Vaupel) Byles & G. D. Rowley,Pilosocereus gounellei (F.A.C. Weber) Byles & Rowley, Pilosocereus pachycladus F.Ritter, Tacinga inamoena (K. Schum.) N.P.Taylor & Stuppy e Tacinga palmadora (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor & Stuppy. Registraram-se 1.122 citações organizadas em onze categorias de uso. A espécie mais citada foi Cereus jamacaru e categoria de uso mais proeminente foi forragem. A maioria dos informantes relatou coletar os cactos na serra da comunidade. A partir da turnê guiada registrou-se 6 indivíduos de P. pachycladus e 96 de C. jamacaru. Tanto os indivíduos de C. jamacaru como de P. pachycladus se mostraram associados as espécies Poincianella pyramidalis Tul. e Croton blanchetianus Baill.. Com relação ao local de ocorrência a maioria dos indivíduos se apresentaram em mata secundária. Na disseminação do conhecimento foi predominante a transissão do tipo vertical, ou seja, de pais para filhos. As cactáceas apresentaram valor econômico e cultural para a comunidade de Santa Rita devido aos vários usos atribuídos as espécies.
MARIANNA BARBOSA DA SILVA DINÂMICA DOS PADRÕES SUCESSIONAIS DO MACROFITOBENTOS EM ÁREAS MARINHAS SOB DIFERENTES REGIMES DE PROTEÇÃO Fecha: 26-ago-2013 Hora: 09:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen Os recifes formam ecossistemas que apresentam grande diversidade biológica e, no entanto, têm sofrido diversos impactos, resultantes de ações antrópicas. Estes estressores antropogênicos podem promover um impacto especial sobre as comunidades bentônicas dos recifes, que quase sempre são estruturadas por organismos sésseis. Desta forma, conhecimentos a respeito da estrutura das comunidades de fitobentos têm sido utilizados como base para a avaliação de impactos ambientais em muitos ambientes marinhos. No caso dos recifes, as alterações nas concentrações de nutrientes, assim como a sobrepesca, têm sido apontados como os maiores responsáveis pelo comprometimento da estrutura desse ecossistema. Assim, diversos estudos têm sido conduzidos com o propósito de compreender melhor o papel da herbivoria e do enriquecimento de nutrientes na estrutura das comunidades de algas marinhas. Neste contexto, o presente estudo se propôs a analisar os padrões de colonização e sucessão do macrofitobentos, bem como a influência da herbivoria, em especial pela ictiofauna, sobre esses processos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho foi dividido em dois capítulos, sendo o primeiro: Avaliação dos padrões de colonização e sucessão do macrofitobentos em comunidades recifais do litoral paraibano. O ensaio utilizou substratos artificiais e foi conduzido dentro dos limites de uma reserva marinha (O Parque Estadual Marinho de Areia Vermelha-PEMAV) e numa localidade adjacente que apresenta características bióticas semelhantes; e evidenciou que a colonização e sucessão dos diferentes grupos ao longo do tempo provavelmente está relacionada às características biológicas das espécies (ciclo de vida, estrutura morfológica e estratégias reprodutivas). Já o segundo capítulo, intitulado A influência da ictoufauna herbívora sobre os padrões de colonização e sucessão do macrofitobentos em ecossistemas recifais, verificou que o grupo dos herbívoros não atuou de maneira a afetar a estrutura da comunidade do macrofitobentos presente no PEMAV, o que provavelmente está relacionado à degradação dos recifes costeiros paraibanos, que acaba por alterar a estrutura das comunidades ícticas e fitobentônicas.
MONIQUE SILVA XIMENES Temporal variations in the degree of blood glucose and body condition of Artibeus planirostris in Tabuleiro and Atlantic Forest areas in the state of Paraíba Fecha: 14-ago-2013 Hora: 09:00 Mostrar Resumen Variations in the Body Condition Index (BCI), glycemia and ketonemia of Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) were analyzed in Tabuleiro and Atlantic Forest areas of Paraíba State, at field and captivity conditions. BCI was chosen based on the minimum influence of forearm length on body mass and evaluated according to sex, reproductive status, location and time of capture. Glycemia and ketonemia were also correlated with BCI and other variables. Variations in the BCI and glycemia were recorded after capture, fasting and feeding bats in captivity. The results showed that Le Crens Relative Condition Factor (Kn) and Simple Ratio with Curve Fitting (CFt) indices were the most suitable for A. planirostris. Blood glucose was correlated with Kn and proved to be a good method to validate the BCI. In Guaribas Biological Reserve, females had higher Kn, probably related to biases in the methodology or energy reserves during reproductive status. Tabuleiros bats had higher Kn and glucose levels than those in Atlantic Forest, which may indicate sub-sampling by the exclusion of bats in the canopy of the latter area. The twelve hours of collection indicated that A. planirostris forages throughout the night and presents a variation of Kn and glucose, especially during early morning, when it reaches the maximum levels before it returns to the shelter. In captivity, bats showed a great variation of Kn and glucose levels after fasting and feeding, recording Kn measures for these states that can be used as a parameter for field studies in the region. Blood glucose remained at normal values for mammals, but about 30% of the bats had levels higher than normal during capture in all areas, probably due to stress. Ketone bodies have been correlated only to glucose, and thus were not considered a good method to validate Kn in these animals.
DIEGO VALVERDE MEDEIROS Atividade de forrageio e uso de habitats por peixes mesopredadores no Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Asesor : RONALDO BASTOS FRANCINI FILHO Fecha: 13-ago-2013 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen A atividade de forrageio é um aspecto fundamental da história de vida dos peixes recifais.O forrageio consiste em atividades relacionadas à procura, seleção e obtenção de alimento, período de atividade e alternância com outros comportamentos. A atividade de forrageio e o uso do habitat por peixes recifais podem variar de acordo com o período do dia, a complexidade estrutural e composição do habitat e interações intra e interespecíficas. Estas últimas são muito comuns entre peixes recifais durante o forrageio. Neste trabalho foram estudadas as atividades de forrageio de três peixes meso-predadores (Aulostomus strigosus, Muraena pavonina e Rypticus saponaceus) no Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP), Dorsal Meso-Atlântica, Brasil. No primeiro capítulo procurou-se responder: (a) a atividade de forrageio e uso de habitat pelo peixe-trombeta, A. strigosus, difere entre os estratos de profundidade, períodos do dia, níveis de complexidade do habitat e padrões de coloração empregados? (b) Aulostomus strigosus é generalista ou especialista quanto ao uso de micro-habitats e tipos de presas? (c) Qual o grau de similaridade (sobreposição) no uso de micro-habitats entre indivíduos que empregaram padrões de coloração distintos? No segundo capítulo, considerando evidências de forrageio cooperativo entre a moréia-de-pintas-brancas, Muraena pavonina e o peixe-sabão, Rypticus saponaceus no ASPSP foram enfocadas as questões seguintes: (d) qual o grau de sobreposição na atividade de forrageio de M. pavonina e R. saponaceus considerando diferentes períodos do dia, estratos de profundidade e graus de complexidade do habitat? (e) há seletividade no uso de micro-habitats por estas espécies? (f) existe similaridade entre M. pavonina e R. saponaceus no uso de macro e micro-habitats? Aulostomus strigosus demonstrou ser um predador versátil que explora diversos tipos de habitats, emprega táticas complexas de captura e que utiliza vários padrões de coloração como camuflagem. Suas presas são pequenas espécies de peixes, algumas endêmicas e naturalmente vulneráveis à extinção devido ao isolamento geográfico do ASPSP. Rypticus saponaceus e Muraena pavonina apresentaram atividade conjunta de caça coordenada e, consequentemente, sobreposição na atividade de forrageio e uso do habitat. Este é o primeiro registro de caça cooperativa interespecífica para peixes recifais no Oceano Atlântico. De forma geral, este estudo demonstra que diversos aspectos da atividade de forrageio de A. strigosus, M. pavonina e R. saponaceus, como a frequência de interações intra e interespecíficas e uso do macro e micro-habitathabitat, diferiram entre os períodos do dia, estratos de 3 profundidade e complexidade estrutural do substrato. Considerando as interações ocorrentes entre A. strigosus, M. pavonina e R. saponaceus com outras espécies que compõem as assembléias de peixes recifais do ASPSP, é sugerido aqui que as espécies estudadas exercem um importante papel no funcionamento da rede trófica e fluxo energético local.
MATILDE VASCONCELOS ERNESTO TÉRMITAS DE DUAS ÁREAS DE FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA BRASILEIRA: UMA ANÁLISE DO DESEMPENHO DE ESTIMADORES NÃO PARAMÉTRICOS Fecha: 26-jul-2013 Hora: 15:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen ERNESTO, M. V. Térmitas de duas áreas de Floresta Atlântica Brasileira: Uma análise do desempenho de estimadores não paramétricos. 2013. 71p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental) - Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus IV, Rio Tinto, PB. Estimadores de riqueza de espécies são alternativas na caracterização da biodiversidade local, diante das limitações de inventários faunísticos completos. Devido à contínua destruição e urbanização da Floresta Atlântica, estudos abordando a biodiversidade local são importantes como registros de fauna e como meio para subsidiar medidas conservacionistas. Avaliou-se a eficiência de cinco estimadores não paramétricos de riqueza de espécies, a partir do cálculo do enviesamento (bias), precisão e acurácia, para a taxocenose de térmitas da Floresta Nacional da Restinga de Cabedelo (FNRC) e da Área de Preservação Permanente Mata do Buraquinho (APPMB). Foi utilizado um protocolo de amostragem padronizado de térmitas, o qual consiste em cinco parcelas de 5 x 2m distribuídas ao longo de seis transectos de 65 x 2m. Foram aplicados cinco protocolos na FNRC e 12 na APPMB, totalizando esforço amostral de 5100m² e 510h x pessoa, e com uniques e duplicates ausentes nos dados. Quarenta e cinco morfoespécies de térmitas foram encontradas, pertencentes à pelo menos 26 gêneros e três famílias, ultrapassando todos os registros já publicados ao longo do Domínio da Floresta Atlântica. Foi constatado que o Jackknife1 e Jackknife2 devem ser utilizados para bancos de dados com um número de uniques superior a 25% da riqueza observada e que a utilização das estimativas do Bootstrap e do Chao2 são indicadas para os demais casos, quando o número de espécies raras for inferior a este. Sugere-se a necessidade de mais avaliações do desempenho do ICE antes de indicá-lo para estudos de diversidade de térmitas sob quaisquer condições. Foram amostradas de 65 a 70% da riqueza real das áreas com a aplicação de um protocolo e houve uma fiel reprodução das proporções da composição taxonômica e trófica, demonstrando a eficiência do método para determinar a diversidade de térmitas nas duas áreas de Floresta Atlântica investigadas.
MARCELO RODRIGUES DE SOUZA JUNIOR TRANSMISSÃO DE CONHECIMENTO TRADICIONAL EM COMUNIDADE DO SEMI-ÁRIDO PARAIBANO (SOLEDADE/PARAÍBA/BRASIL) Asesor : REINALDO FARIAS PAIVA DE LUCENA Fecha: 26-jul-2013 Hora: 14:00 Mostrar Resumen As comunidades tradicionais desenvolvem um conhecimento baseado nas suas experiências e nos recursos naturais do meio onde estão inseridas. Esse conhecimento evolui e é transmitido dentro da comunidade de várias formas. Analisou-se o conhecimento etnobotânico de grupos familiares da comunidade Cachoeira, no munícipio de Soledade, no semiárido paraibano, a fim de entender a dinâmica de transmissão desse conhecimento de uma geração para outra. Para tal estudou-se as relações de parentesco dos grupos familiares da comunidade cachoeira, delineou-se as suas árvores genealógicas formando clãs familiares específicos, então elencou-se as espécies botânicas de porte arbóreo nativas componentes do conhecimento etnobotânico dessas famílias, além de relacionar-se as categorias de uso a que faziam parte. Também relacionou-se o tipo de transmissão (vertical, horizontal e oblíqua), além de discriminar-se quais componentes dessas famílias são transmissores de conhecimento e quais não são. Mensurou-se tais conhecimentos, avaliando-se os Valores de Uso Geral, Atual e Potencial das espécies botânicas, e comparando-se todos esses números entre as gerações de cada grupo familiar. As famílias com maior destaque foram as Anacardiaceae, por maior número de citações de uso, e as Euphorbiaceae por maior número de representantes, esses resultados variaram pouco em relação as gerações, a espécie que mais destacou-se, tanto em uso atual como potencial na maioria dos grupos foi o pereiro (Aspidosperma piryfolium Mart.). O Conhecimento de Uso Potencial se sobressaiu no contexto geral da comunidade em detrimento do Conhecimento de Uso Atual, salvo a exceção de poucos informantes quando analisados individualmente. Em termos individuais, a maioria dos informantes apontou o a transmissão Vertical como principal modo de aprendizagem. A maioria dos informantes também se identificou como transmissores de conhecimento. O estudo da dinâmica da transmissão do conhecimento dentro de árvores genealógicas ajuda a visualizar os vieses da transmissão cultural segundo os parâmetros darwinianos, e entender como essa transmissão se dá em meio a unidade inicial de construção e transmissão do conhecimento, a família.
POLIANA SANTOS DA SILVA TRANSMISSÃO DE CONHECIMENTO ECOLÓGICO TRADICIONAL E EXTRATIVISMO NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL Asesor : REINALDO FARIAS PAIVA DE LUCENA Fecha: 26-jul-2013 Hora: 09:30 Mostrar Resumen TRANSMISSAO DE CONHECIMENTO ECOLOGICO TRADICIONAL E EXTRATIVISMO NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL
JOSE RIBAMAR DE FARIAS LIMA DIAGNÓSTICO E MONITORAMENTO DO USO DE ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS E ANIMAIS DO SEMIÁRIDO DA PARAÍBA (NORDESTE, BRASIL), Fecha: 27-mar-2013 Hora: 09:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis
Keoma Coutinho Rodrigues PADRÃO DE ATIVIDADES, COMPORTAMENTO ALIMENTAR, EXPLORAÇÃO DE HABITAT E ÁREA DE VIDA DE UM GRUPO DE SAPAJUS FLAVIUS (SCHREBER, 1774) (PRIMATES, CEBIDAE) EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA, PARAÍBA, BRASIL Fecha: 15-mar-2013 Hora: 09:00 Visualizar Disertación/Tesis Mostrar Resumen O macaco-prego-galego, Sapajus flavius, ocorre em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica ao norte do rio São Francisco, sendo incluída na lista de espécies ameaçadas pela IUCN como Criticamente em perigo Estudos referentes aos comportamentos e hábitos alimentares, à exploração de hábitats e ao padrão de uso do espaço são importantes, uma vez que há uma lacuna de informações para espécie. Tais informações permitirão avaliar como as populações de S. flavius estão vivendo nos fragmentos florestais, possibilitando a implantação de ações conservacionistas mais eficazes. Os objetivos do estudo foram descrever o padrão de atividades, o comportamento alimentar, o tamanho da área de vida e o padrão de exploração de hábitats de um grupo de macaco-prego-galego na RPPN Engenho Gargaú localizada no município de Santa Rita/PB. Os dados foram coletados pelo método de varredura instantânea com registros a cada 5 minutos. Foram coletados dados fenológicos mensais de 90 espécimes vegetais, cuja intensidade de frutificação foi calculada pelo método de Índice de Atividade. O padrão de atividades foi dominado pelo deslocamento (38,96%), seguido de alimentação (28,58%), forrageio (21,66%), descanso (4,77%), comportamentos agonísticos, sociais, de vocalização e de beber água (6%). Tal padrão variou significativamente nos períodos seco e chuvoso. A alimentação foi mais frequente no período seco e o deslocamento no período chuvoso. A dieta do grupo foi composta por frutos (43%), colmos de cana-de-açúcar (30%), presas animais (15%), folhas (7%), partes vegetais, incluindo bainha, pecíolo, cascas de árvores (3%) e flores (2%). No período chuvoso, o consumo de frutos foi significativamente maior e esteve positivamente correlacionado com a intensidade de frutificação. O consumo de colmos foi maior no período seco, quando a produção de frutos foi baixa. Foram identificadas 48 espécies vegetais incluídas na dieta, sendo Saccharam spp. (37,83%), Elaeis spp. (16.99%) e Tapirira guianenses (6,22%) as mais importantes. Área de vida calculada pelo método do Mínimo Polígono Convexo (MPC) para o grupo foi de 240.22 hectares. Os habitats mais explorados foram Floresta em Regeneração (35.5%), Borda de Floresta em Regeneração (28.2%), Borda de Floresta Madura Alagada (17.5%), Borda de Floresta Madura (9.6%) e Floresta Madura (9.2%). O padrão de atividades, dieta e área de vida foram compatíveis aos encontrados para o gênero Sapajus e todos os aspectos foram influenciados pela sazonalidade dos recursos alimentares e pela matriz interveniente formada predominantemente por cana-de-açúcar.